ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF CONCERT HALLS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF LUCERNE CONGRESS- CULTURAL CENTER AND TOKYO OPERA CITY BUILDINGS

Year 2023, , 524 - 552, 23.10.2023

Ayça Akkan , Mustafa Kavraz

https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1226366

Abstract

The buildings that include the halls where the art of theater is performed appear as important and symbolic values of the city that gather people together within the framework of culture and art. In this context, concert buildings represent an inseparable part of cities in terms of urban identity. Concert halls form the heart of concert buildings as spaces whose forms and dimensions are shaped in line with their capacities and acoustic requirements. Within the scope of this study, two concert buildings designed in the same period in different geographies were analyzed together with their concert halls. The first of these is the Lucerne Congress and Culture Center, located in Switzerland in the European continent where professional theaters have been built. The second one is the Tokyo Opera City, located in Japan in the Asian continent, which has a philosophical and modern-traditional architectural style. Both buildings were analysed in an architectural context, and area and volume analyses were carried out based on the physical characteristics of the spaces and halls, as well as the audience capacities. As a result of the study, it was found that both buildings have a central location and a symbolic value in their surroundings, and the halls within their scope have similar per capita area and volume ratios. In addition, it has been observed that different passive acoustic elements can provide similar acoustic performance with different materials and interior designs, and different geographical and cultural characteristics can be reflected in the designs used in the buildings of the same period.

Keywords

Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre, Tokyo Opera City, Concert hall, passive acoustic design, Theater Buildings

LUCERNE KONGRE-KÜLTÜR MERKEZİ VE TOKYO OPERA CİTY BİNALARI İLE KAPSAMLARINDA BULUNAN KONSER SALONLARININ MİMARİ BAĞLAMDA ANALİZİ

Abstract

Tiyatro sanatının sergilendiği ve mimari bağlamda tarihi süreçteki gelişim ile şekillenen salonları kapsayan yapılar; insanları kültür ve sanat çerçevesinde bir araya toplayan, kentin önemli ve simgesel değerleridir. Bu bağlamda konser yapıları kentsel kimlik açısından kentlerin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Konser salonları ise kapasiteleri ve akustik gereksinimleri doğrultusunda formları şekillenen mekanlar olarak konser yapılarının kalbini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, farklı coğrafyalarda aynı dönemde tasarlanmış olan iki konser yapısı, salonları ile analiz edilmektedir. Bunlardan birincisi, antik dönemden itibaren profesyonel tiyatro yapılarının uygulandığı Avrupa kıtasındaki İsviçre’de yer alan Luzern Kongre ve Kültür Merkezi’dir. İkincisi ise, felsefi ve modern-geleneksel bir mimari üsluba sahip Asya kıtasındaki Japonya’da yer alan Tokyo Opera City’dir. Her iki yapı da mimari bağlamda analiz edilmiş, mekanların ve salonların fiziksel özelliklerinin yanı sıra seyirci kapasiteleri esas alınarak alan ve hacim analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda iki yapının da bulundukları çevrede merkezi bir konuma ve simgesel bir değere sahip olduğu; kapsamlarında bulunan salonların ise, kişi başına düşen alan ve hacim oranlarının benzer olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra farklı pasif akustik elemanların, farklı malzeme ve iç mekân tasarımları ile benzer akustik performansı sağlayabileceği ve farklı coğrafi ve kültürel özelliklerin aynı dönem yapılarında tercih edilen tasarımlara yansıyabileceği görülmüştür.

Keywords

Luzern Kongre ve Kültür Merkezi, Tokyo Opera City, konser salonu, Pasif Akustik Tasarım, Tiyatro Yapıları.

References

• Armin Meili. (2021). https://www.archinform.net/arch/21163.htm (Erişim tarihi: 26/04/2021)
• Bahnhofparkıng P1. (2021). https://www.parking-luzern.ch/en/Luzerner-Parkhaeuser/Bahnhofparking-P1 (Erişim tarihi: 26/04/2021)
• Beranek, L. (2004). Concert Halls and Opera houses: Music, acoustics, and architecture. Springer.
• Beranek, L. L. (1992). Concert hall acoustics—1992. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 92(1), 1-39.
• Beranek, L. L. (2014). Сoncert hall design: New findings. Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, 36(3), 1-21.
• Beranek, L. L. (2016). Concert hall acoustics: Recent findings. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 139(4), 1548-1556.
• Budak, A. (1994). Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Büyük Salonu’nun akustik açıdan performansının değerlendirilmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi].
• Deuxième. (2020). Deuxième The multi-functional event room. KKL Luzern Management AG: Luzern, Switzerland, pp. 1–2.
• Concert Hall. (2021). https://www.kkl-luzern.ch/en/your-event/your-concert/concert-hall (Erişim tarihi: 28/03/2021)
• Concert Hall Culture. (2021). https://www.kkl-luzern.ch/media/wysiwyg/kkl-concerts/1.2_Konzertsaal_Kultur_E.pdf (Erişim tarihi:18/06/2021)
• Europlatz. (2021). https://www.kkl-luzern.ch/media/VirtualTourKKL/VT-KKL.html# (Erişim tarihi: 26/04/2021)
• Foyers. (2021). https://www.kkl-luzern.ch/en/your-event/your-congress/foyers (Erişim tarihi: 18/06/2021)
• Hatsudai Rehabilitation Hospital. (2021). https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11396444#/media/File:Hatsudai_Rehabilitation_Hospital.JPG (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021
• Hidaka, T., Beranek, L. L., Masuda, S., Nishihara, N., & Okano, T. (2000). Acoustical design of the Tokyo Opera City (TOC) concert hall, Japan. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 107(1), 340-354.
• Gade, A. (2007). Acoustics in halls for speech and music. Springer Handbook of Acoustics, 301–350.
• Gigon, A., Zwicky, R., Büning-Pfaue, K., Holenstein, M. & Beljan, I. (2017). Semesterprogramm FS 17, Druckzentrum ETH Höngerberg.
• Gözlem Evi. (2021). https://img-cdn.guide.travel.co.jp/article/712/20160513132239/E70464E812BA4D82BCF7A0A94771DF93_L.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 09/05/2021)
• Isbert, A. C. (1998). Diseño acústico de espacios arquitectónicos (Vol. 4). Univ. Politèc. de Catalunya.
• James Glanz tarafından ‘Beautiful Music’. (2021). http://www.newhavenscience.org/physics/acoustics.htm (Erişim tarihi: 15/06/2021)
• Johnson, R., & Kahle, E. (1999). The new Konzertsaal of the KKL Center, Lucerne, Switzerland. I. Acoustics design. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105(2), 928-928.
• Kavraz, M. (2020). Salonların mimari ve akustik açıdan tasarım süreçleri. Gece Kitaplığı.
• KKL. (2016). KKL Luzern Media Documentation, 1st ed.; KKL Luzern Management AG, Switzerland, pp. 1–18.
• KKL 360 View. (2021). https://www.kkl-luzern.ch/en/your-event/your-congress/concert-hall (Erişim tarihi: 28/03/2021)
• KKL Acoustics. (2021). https://www.kkl-luzern.ch/en/dienstleistungen/das-kkl-luzern/akustik (Erişim tarihi: 28/03/2021)
• KKL Guided Tours. (2021). https://www.kkl-luzern.ch/en/your-visit/experience/guided-tours (Erişim tarihi: 28/03/2021)
• KKL Luzern. (t.y.). Konzertsaal. https://www.kkl-luzern.ch/media/wysiwyg/pdf/yourevent/yourcongress/concert_hall/Saalplan_Konzertsaal.pdf (Erişim tarihi Tarihi: 14/06/2021).
• KKL Luzern. (2021). https://kahle.be/en/ref/kkl--.html (Erişim tarihi: 28/03/2021)
• KKL Luzern Concert Hall, (2021). https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/kkl-luzern-concert-hall (Erişim tarihi: 28/03/2021)
• KKL Luzern Introducción. (2021). https://es.wikiarquitectura.com/edificio/KKL-Luzern/# (Erişim tarihi: 28/03/2021)
• Konzertsaal. (2021). https://www.kkl-luzern.ch/de/your-event/your-congress/concert-hall (Erişim tarihi: 14/06/2021)
• Loreto Aramendi. (2021). https://loretoaramendi.com/2019/05/kuhn-organ-concert-tokyo-opera-city-hall-japan-april-2019/?lang=en (Erişim tarihi: 16/06/2021)
• Lucern Culture and Congress Centre. (2021). http://www.jeannouvel.com/en/projects/centre-de-culture-et-des-congres/ (Erişim tarihi: 28/03/2021)
• Majerska-Pałubicka, B., & Latusek, E. (2021). Intelligence-Based Design Illustrated with Examples of ACROS Fukuoka, KKL Luzern and MICA Changsha Buildings—A Multicriterial Case Study. Buildings, 11(4), 135.
• Metkemeijer, R. A., Peutz, A., & Associés, B. V. (2002). The acoustics of the auditorium of the Royal Albert Hall before and after redevelopment. Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, 3, 57-66.
• Molnar, P., & Burlando, P. (2008). Variability in the scale properties of high‐resolution precipitation data in the Alpine climate of Switzerland. Water Resources Research, 44(10).
• New National Theater. (2021). https://m-festival.biz/en/9402 (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• NNT & TOC. (2021). http://art17.photozou.jp/pub/164/300164/photo/235995126_624.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• Operacity Konser Salonu. (2021). https://www.operacity.jp/concert/rental/download/index.php (Erişim tarihi: 18/05/2021)
• Operacity Prova Odası. (2021). https://www.operacity.jp/concert/rental/rehearsal/index.php (Erişim tarihi: 18/05/2021)
• Opera Şehir Binası. (2021). http://toolbiru.web.fc2.com/cj4n/d-data-n7.htm (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• Seidensticker, E. (1983). Low city, high city: Tokyo from Edo to the earthquake, 1867-1923. Penguin.
• Shinjuku Central Park. (2021). https://www.jiji.com/news/handmade/topic/d4_ccc/aer987-jpp017817249.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• Steinway & Sons. (2013). Music to Your Ears. Owner’s Magazine, 1, 82-87. https://issuu.com/artpauly/docs/stwy13na1 (Erişim tarihi: 18/04/2021).
• Sunken Garden. (2021). https://town.ietan.jp/ie-shinjuku/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/272345_re_sankun.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• Takemitsu Anıtı (タケミツ メモリアル). (2021). https://jp.yamaha.com/sp/myujin/15630.html?utm_content=bufferefc07&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• Takemitsu Memorial. (2021). https://www.operacity.jp/en/concert/facilities/ch/index.php (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• Takeoffice., (t.y.). Tokyo Opera City rehberi. https://www.take-office.co.jp/pdf/13104010193.pdf Tokyo Opera City. 09.05.2021 (Erişim tarihi: 09/05/2021).
• Terri Meyer Boake. (2021). https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/opera-city-tower/1067 (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• Tokyo Opera Binası. (2021). http://www.tokyooperacity.co.jp/info/ (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• Tokyo Opera City Floor Guide. (2021). http://www.tokyooperacity.co.jp/floor/ (Erişim tarihi: 28/05/2021)
• Tokyo Opera City Tower. (2021). https://structurae.net/en/structures/tokyo-opera-city-tower (Erişim tarihi: 08/05/2021)
• Toyota, Y., Komoda, M., Beckmann, D., Quiquerez, M., & Bergal, E. (2021). Concert Halls by Nagata Acoustics: Thirty Years of Acoustical Design for Music Venues and Vineyard-Style Auditoria. Springer Nature.
• University of Lucerns. (2021). https://studyinginswitzerland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/26220581_1640433215979883_4087289277848477870_o.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 26/04/2021)
• Vural, A. (2009). İstanbul’da bulunan dört konser salonunun akustik açıdan değerlendirilmesi [Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi].
• Yamashita, S. (1990). The urban climate of Tokyo. Geographical review of Japan, Series B., 63(1), 98-107.
• Wıeland, M., Wuethrıch, W., & Malla, S. (2000-a). The Congress Centre Of Lucerne: Structural Engineering Challenges. IABSE Congress Report, 16(21), 273-280.
• Wieland, M., Wüthrich, W., & Malla, S. (2000-b). Lucerne culture and congress centre. Structural Engineering International, 10(1), 8–11.