BÖLGESEL GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİN EKONOMİK VE SOSYAL BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 2009-2022 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin İBBS1 bölgelerinde ekonomik ve sosyal faktörlerin girişimcilik faaliyetleri üzerindeki uzun vadeli etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Araştırma, Tamamen Değiştirilmiş En Küçük Kareler (FMOLS) metodolojisini kullanarak bölgesel GSYH büyüme oranı, gelir eşitsizliği, işsizlik oranı, kamu eğitim harcamaları ve erken okul terk oranları arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Sonuçlar, GSYİH büyümesi ve gelir eşitsizliğinin girişimcilik faaliyetleri üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olduğunu ortaya koyarken, işsizlik ve kamu eğitim harcamaları olumsuz etkiler göstermektedir. Özellikle, okulu erken bırakanlar girişimcilik üzerinde sınırlı ancak olumlu bir etki sergilemektedir. Çalışma, girişimciliği gelir eşitsizliği, eğitim ve işsizlik gibi faktörler aracılığıyla daha geniş sosyo-ekonomik boyutlarla açık bir şekilde ilişkilendirmektedir. Bu bulgular, girişimcilik dinamiklerinin şekillenmesinde ekonomik ve sosyal faktörlerin çok yönlü rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, bölgesel farklılıkları ele alarak ve girişimciliği daha geniş sosyo-ekonomik boyutlarla ilişkilendirerek, girişimcilik ve ekonomik kalkınma üzerine yapılan uluslararası çalışmalarla uyum sağlayarak literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır. Pratik öneriler arasında bölgesel mali destek mekanizmalarının güçlendirilmesi, gelir dağılımında eşitliğin teşvik edilmesi ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı teşvik etmek için girişimcilik eğitiminin ulusal müfredata entegre edilmesi yer almaktadır. Bu kapsamlı analiz, Türkiye'nin bölgesel girişimcilik ortamına dair içgörüler sunmanın yanı sıra ekonomik büyüme ile sosyal eşitliği dengelemeyi amaçlayan politika yapıcılar için de bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Girişimcilik
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Gelir Eşitsizliği
• Sosyal Faktörler
• Bölgesel Kalkınma

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF REGIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE

Abstract

This study examines the long-term effects of economic and social factors affecting entrepreneurial activities across Türkiye’s NUTS1 regions between 2009 and 2022. Using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) methodology, the relationships among regional GDP growth, income inequality, unemployment rates, public education expenditures and early school leaving rates are analyzed. The results show that GDP growth and income inequality have a positive impact on entrepreneurial activities, whereas unemployment rate and public education expenditures have negative effects. Early school leaving rate is found to have a limited but positive effect on entrepreneurship. It explicitly links entrepreneurship to broader socio-economic dimensions, highlighting how factors such as income inequality, education, and unemployment shape entrepreneurial dynamics across regions. The findings reveal that economic and social factors play a multidimensional role in shaping entrepreneurship dynamics. By incorporating regional disparities and linking entrepreneurship with broader socio-economic dimensions, the study aligns with international literature on entrepreneurship and economic development. It also provides practical recommendations for policymakers, such as developing strategies to promote income equality, strengthening regional financial support mechanisms, and integrating entrepreneurship education into the national curriculum to foster sustainable development. This comprehensive analysis offers both insight into Turkey’s regional entrepreneurship landscape and a framework for policymakers aiming to balance economic growth with social equity.

Keywords

• Entrepreneurship
• Economic Growth
• Income Inequality
• Social Factors
• Regional Development

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