SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMADA YAPAY ZEKANIN ROLÜ: AMAÇLAR İÇİN ETKİN POLİTİKA FORMASYONU

Abstract

Küresel iklim krizinin hız kazanmasıyla birlikte sürdürülebilirlik kavramı, kalkınma yaklaşımında yerini edinmiştir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma, etkin kaynak yönetimi, verimlilik, toplumsal ve çevresel değerleri öncüllerken, sorumlu üretimden cinsiyet eşitsizliğine kadar değişen geniş bir yelpazede birçok hedefin gerçekleşmesini amaçlar. Bu bağlamda Birleşmiş Milletler, uluslararası arenada kabul görmüş on yedi ana amaç belirlemiştir. Bu amaçlara ulaşmak üzere birçok politika aksiyonu benimsenmiş olmakla birlikte değişen dünya koşullarında ortaya çıkan yeni dinamikler, politika formasyonunu da hızla değiştirmektedir. Bu dinamiklerden en önemlisi ise hiç şüphesiz Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi’nin ana bileşenlerinden biri olan ‘Yapay Zeka’dır. Yapay Zeka, bilgi toplama ve topladığı bilgiyi işleyerek insan gibi öğrenme ve problem çözme yeteneklerine sahip, makinelerin insansı görevleri gerçekleştirmelerine imkan tanıyan ve yeni girdi koşullarına uyum sağlamalarını mümkün kılan sistemdir. Ancak yapay zekanın sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları açısından kullanım alanları, yararları, zararlı olabileceği durumlar ve sosyoekonomik politika formasyonunu hangi yönlerde etkilediği konusundaki tartışmaların henüz sınırlı kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yapay zekanın sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları ile ilişkisi, yararlı kullanım alanları, potansiyel riskleri ve önemli meydan okuma alanları ele alınırken, sosyoekonomik politika formasyonundaki yerinin nasıl olması gerektiğine yönelik değerlendirmelerde de bulunulmaktadır. Tüm bu tartışmaların bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla literatürde ilk kez ele alınıyor olması noktasında, çalışmanın ilgili literatüre katkı yapması hedeflenmektedir.

Keywords

• Yapay Zeka
• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma
• Politika Formasyonu

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: EFFECTIVE POLICY FORMATION FOR ACHIEVING THE GOALS

Abstract

The concept of sustainability made its ground in the development approach as the global climate crisis accelerated. While sustainable development prioritizes effective resource management, efficiency, social and environmental values, it aims to achieve many goals in a wide range ranging from responsible production to gender inequality. In this manner, the United Nations has determined seventeen globally recognized Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Although many policy actions have been adopted to achieve these goals, new dynamics emerging in changing world conditions are also rapidly changing policy formation. One of the most important of these dynamics is undoubtedly 'Artificial Intelligence' (AI), which is one of the main components of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Artificial Intelligence is a system that has human-like learning and problem-solving abilities by collecting data and processing the information, allowing machines to perform human-like tasks and enabling them to adapt to new input conditions. However, it seems that discussions on the areas of use of artificial intelligence in terms of sustainable development goals, its benefits, its potential risks, and its effects on socioeconomic policy formation are still limited. In this study, while the relationship of artificial intelligence with sustainable development goals, its beneficial areas of use, potential risks and important challenge areas are discussed, evaluations are also made regarding its place within the framework of socioeconomic policy formation. As all these discussions are discussed for the first time in the literature from a holistic perspective, the study aims to contribute to the relevant literature.

Keywords

• Artificial Intelligence
• Sustainable Development
• Policy Formation

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