HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Koray Uygur; Ebru Topcu

doi:10.35379/cusosbil.1672163

TR EN

SAĞLIK, GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ VE YOKSULLUK: GELİŞMİŞ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Abstract

Gelir eşitsizliği ve yoksulluk, sağlığın temel sosyo-ekonomik belirleyicileri arasında yer almakta; sağlık çıktıları ve nüfusun farklı kesimleri arasındaki eşitsizlikler üzerinde önemli bir etki yaratmaktadır. Gelir eşitsizliğinin artmasıyla birlikte görece düşük gelirli grupların sağlık durumu sıklıkla bozulmaktadır. Benzer biçimde, yetersiz gelirin doğrudan bir sonucu olan yoksulluk olgusu da bireylerin temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamamasına ve dolayısıyla genel sağlık düzeyinin gerilemesine yol açmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın temel amacı, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yoksulluk ve gelir eşitsizliğinin sağlık çıktısı üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir. 2004-2019 dönemini kapsayan veriler kullanılarak her iki ülke grubu için Driscoll-Kraay tahmincisi ile iki ayrı model tahmin edilmiştir. İlk model gelir eşitsizliğinin sağlık üzerindeki etkisini incelerken, ikinci model yoksulluğun sağlık çıktısı üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektedir. Birinci modele ilişkin ampirik bulgular, gelir eşitsizliğinin hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sağlık çıktısı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Benzer şekilde ikinci modele ilişkin bulgular da her iki ülke grubunda yoksulluğun sağlık üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve olumsuz bir etkisinin bulunduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Abstract

HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Abstract

Income inequality and poverty are fundamental socioeconomic determinants of health, exerting an important impact on health outcomes and driving disparities across different segments of the population. As income inequality intensifies, the health status of relatively lower-income groups is often compromised. Similarly, poverty, which is a direct consequence of insufficient income, leads to the inability to meet basic needs, subsequently resulting in a deterioration of overall health. Within this framework, the primary objective of this study is to examine the effects of poverty and income inequality on the health outcome in both developed and developing countries. Utilizing a dataset spanning the period 2004–2019, two distinct models were estimated for both country groups using the Driscoll–Kraay estimator. The first model investigates the impact of income inequality on health, while the second assesses the influence of poverty on the health outcome. The empirical findings from the first model indicate that income inequality has a statistically significant negative effect on the health outcome in both developed and developing countries. Correspondingly, results from the second model reveal that poverty similarly has a statistically significant detrimental impact on health across both groups of countries.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Econometrics (Other), International Economics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Koray Uygur ^*
0000-0003-0795-9348
Türkiye

Ebru Topcu
0000-0003-3572-7552
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 17, 2026

Submission Date

April 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 12, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 35

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1672163

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA54MK74KK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Uygur, K., & Topcu, E. (2026). HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 35. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1672163

AMA

1.Uygur K, Topcu E. HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2026;35. doi:10.35379/cusosbil.1672163

Chicago

Uygur, Koray, and Ebru Topcu. 2026. “HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 35 (June). https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1672163.

EndNote

Uygur K, Topcu E (June 1, 2026) HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 35

IEEE

[1]K. Uygur and E. Topcu, “HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 35, June 2026, doi: 10.35379/cusosbil.1672163.

ISNAD

Uygur, Koray - Topcu, Ebru. “HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 35 (June 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1672163.

JAMA

1.Uygur K, Topcu E. HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2026;35. doi:10.35379/cusosbil.1672163.

MLA

Uygur, Koray, and Ebru Topcu. “HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 35, June 2026, doi:10.35379/cusosbil.1672163.

Vancouver

1.Koray Uygur, Ebru Topcu. HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: AN EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2026 Jun. 1;35. doi:10.35379/cusosbil.1672163

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13. The main section headings above should be written in bold, capital letters, aligned to the left. Headings should not be numbered, and there should be no paragraph indentation.

14. Subsection headings should be written in bold, with the first letter of each word capitalized, and should start 0.5 cm. indentation. All paragraph indents should be aligned.

15. If tables are to be included in the text, they should be shown as follows: “Table 1.”. The name of the table should be written centered above the table, with the first letter of each word capitalized, and should not be italicized. In figures, it should be written centered under the figure, with the word “Figure 1.” capitalized. Figures and graphics should be drawn on the computer; photos or pictures should have high resolution and should be numbered.

16. If hypotheses will be included in the study, the hypothesis indication should be as follows: “H1:”. Hypotheses should not be written in italics.

17. The sources used in the article should be given under the title “RESOURCES” after the “RESULTS” section. It should be prepared with Times New Roman font, 10 points, right-left 0, hanging 1.25, and line spacing “single”. 1 line space should be left after each source.

18. The sources in the article should be written in accordance with APA 7 (https://apastyle.apa.org/) style. You can look at the Article Template to examine the sample source indication and the rules to be followed in article writing in detail.

19. You can access the article template for articles to be sent to the journal from this link. After your article is accepted, you need to transfer it to the template in this link.

Guidelines for writing articles to be sent to the journal: 1. The Journal of Institute of Social Sciences of Çukurova University is a peer-reviewed journal published at least twice a year.
2. Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere.
3. The articles can be written in Turkish, English, French or German. If the article has been written in English, French or German, a summary in Turkish must also be included.
4. The articles should be written in accordance with the spelling rules of the Turkish Language Association.
5. Articles should be written in Microsoft Word 2003 or higher and they should be submitted through the online system.
6. Use a concise and clearly written title that reflects the paper's content. Use capital letters and center alignment.
7. Author names should be center aligned on the article; if there is more than one author, their names should be written side by side. Authorship information (University name, Faculty name, e-mail address, ORCID number) should be given in the footnote.
8. The first page of the article should consist of only SUMMARY and ABSTRACT using the Article Template (see Article Template).
9. Please adhere to the following formatting guidelines: a. Paper size: A-4 vertical b. Page layout: bottom 2.5 cm, top: 2.5 cm, left: 2.5 cm, right: 2.5 cm, header: 3 cm, footer: 3 cm.
c. Font: Times New

Ethical Principles

This guideline should be carefully reviewed by all researchers who will submit a study to the Journal.

Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences Institute is a peer-reviewed journal published in accordance with the ethical principles and rules specified below, with the aim of publishing qualified scientific articles in the field of Social Sciences.
Articles sent to Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences Institute are evaluated through a double-blind peer-review process.
The journal is published electronically with free access.
The journal only accepts articles through the Dergi Park system.
Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences Institute is a journal aware of the fact that information must be easily accessible in order for scientific studies to advance, and supports the initiative to make refereed journal literature open access, as stated in the Budapest Open Access Declaration, and offers all published articles in an environment where everyone can read and download them, free of charge.
In this declaration, open access is used in the sense that “scientific literature can be accessed, read, saved, copied, printed, scanned, linked to full text, indexed, transferred to software as data and used for any lawful purpose via the Internet without financial, legal and technical barriers”.
Considering the role of knowledge sharing in the advancement of science, open access is of great importance for researchers and readers. For this reason, articles in this journal can be used as long as the author and original source are cited. Permission from authors or publishers is not required.
It is aimed that all stakeholders (author, editor, referee, publisher and reader) who present a scientific study contribute to the correct advancement of science. In accordance with this goal, compliance with scientific ethical principles is important in scientific studies prepared.
These ethical principles have been accepted by us based on the guidelines prepared by COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) and are presented below with some of them, with the recommendation that stakeholders adopt them as well.
Accordingly, the ethical responsibilities, roles and duties of authors, journal editor, referees and publisher are included in our Journal. In addition, information is provided regarding plagiarism and unethical behaviors in Çukurova University Social Sciences Institute Journal. The sources used while preparing these policies are stated at the end of the guide.

Author(s)
• Articles sent to Çukurova University Social Sciences Institute Journal must be original studies in the field of Social Sciences.

All sources used in the articles (authors, online pages, personal interviews, etc.) must be cited correctly and appropriately.

• It must be stated that the articles sent to the journal have not been sent to another journal and the Copyright Transfer Form must be filled out.

People who have not contributed to the article intellectually should not be listed as authors.

• Conflicts of interest regarding the submitted article must be stated and the reason must be explained.

• Authors may be asked to submit the raw data of their work to the editorial board during the refereeing process, in which case the authors are expected to share their raw data with the editorial board. Authors are obliged to keep the data related to a published article for 5 years.

• Authors must inform the editor and the editorial board when they detect an error in their work and cooperate for the correction or retraction process.

Authors cannot use language and attitudes that degrade or belittle any individual, community or institution in their articles.

Referees
All articles sent to Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences are evaluated with a double-blind refereeing process. Double-blind refereeing means that authors are kept confidential from referees and referees are kept confidential from authors in order to ensure an impartial, objective and independent evaluation process.
Articles are sent to the referees for evaluation through the Dergi Park system.
Referees are required to fill out a form that includes the contribution of the article they are evaluating to their field, their decisions on whether the article is publishable or not, and the reasons for these decisions.
The ethical responsibilities and roles of referees of Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences are as follows:
• Referees are required to referee articles related to their fields of expertise only.
• Referees are expected to agree to referee articles that do not have any conflicts of interest. If referees discover any conflicts of interest, they must inform the editor and decline to referee the relevant article.

• Referees must evaluate articles impartially and objectively.

• Referees are required to fill out the Referee Evaluation Form for the articles they evaluate, and

İmtiyaz Sahibi (Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Adına)

Hüseyin GÜLER

Econometric and Statistical Methods, Statistics

Editor

Mustafa YAŞAR

Psychological Counseling Education, Adult Education, Early Childhood Education, Educational Psychology

Mizanpaj Editörü

Mustafa Can KIZGINDEMIR

Information Systems User Experience Design and Development, Visual Communication Design, Graphic Design, Video Design, Web Design

Son Okuyucu

Ayşenur SÖYÜ

Religious Studies (Other)

Alan Editörü

C. Hakan ÇUHADAR

Music, Interpretation in Western Classical Music, Theories of Music, Musicology and Ethnomusicology

Marella BODUR ÜN

Comparative Political Movement, Gender and Politics, Political Sociology, European Union-Turkiye Relations, Globalisation, International Relations Theories

Engin ÇETIN

Turkish Language and Literature, Old Turkic Language (Orhon, Uyghur, Karahan), Historical North East Turkish Language (Khwarezm, Kipchak, Chagatai)

Ebru ÖZGÜR GÜLER

Econometric and Statistical Methods, Quantitative Decision Methods

NÖ

Nurcihan ÖZDOĞAN

Equity and Trusts Law

ND

Nurcihan DALCI ÖZDOĞAN

Law and Legal Studies, Contract Law, Private Law and Civil Obligations (Other)

EK

Ebru KAYA

English As A Second Language

AB

Ayten Pınar BAL

Education, Curriculum and Instration , Mathematics Education

Nuran ÖZTÜRK

Turkish Islamic Literature, Classical Turkish Literature of Ottoman Field

Fehime Yeşim GÜRANI

Built Environment and Design, Interior Architecture , Sustainable Architecture

Fatma ŞAHIN

Archaeological Science, Ceramics in Archeology, Early Bronze Age Archeology, Neolithic Age Archeology, The Archaeology of Middle Bronze Age

Aydın ÇAM

Cinema Sociology, Cinema Theories, Cinema History

Birsel AYBEK

Education

AB

Almıla BURGAÇ ÇIL

International Economics

Raziye GÜNAY BILALOĞLU

Early Childhood Education

Mustafa MAVAŞOĞLU

Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics

Özlem USLU

Fine Arts Education, Museum Education, Photography, Interdisciplinary Art, Installation

İÜ

İlksun Didem ÜLBEĞI

Industrial Organisation, Entrepreneurship, Organizasyon, Organisation and Management Theory, Organisational Planning and Management, Organisational Behaviour, Strategy, Management and Organisational Behaviour (Other)