YEREL YÖNETİMLERDE YAPAY ZEKÂ, DİJİTALLEŞME VE ETİK YÖNETİŞİM: BARSELONA, ŞANGHAY VE ANKARA KENTLERİ ÜZERİNDEN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ

Abstract

Kamu yönetiminde dijitalleşme süreci, özellikle yerel yönetim ölçeğinde giderek daha belirgin bir dönüşüme işaret etmektedir. Gelişen dijital teknolojiler, hizmet sunumunun niteliğini artırmanın ötesinde, karar alma süreçlerini yeniden yapılandırmakta ve yönetişim anlayışında yapısal değişimlere yol açmaktadır. Bu dönüşümün en dikkat çekici bileşenlerinden biri olan yapay zekâ teknolojileri, yerel yönetimlerin artan toplumsal talepler karşısında daha etkin, katılımcı ve veri temelli çözümler üretmesini mümkün kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yapay zekâ uygulamalarının yerel yönetimlerdeki dijitalleşme sürecine nasıl entegre edildiğini incelemek, bu entegrasyonun yönetsel verimlilik, vatandaş katılımı ve etik yönetişim üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek ve elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda geleceğe yönelik politika önerileri sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda uluslararası örnekler teşkil eden Barselona ve Şanghay kentleriyle Türkiye'den Ankara kentinin karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz, yapay zekâ uygulamalarının sunduğu potansiyelin yanı sıra veri güvenliği, dijital eşitsizlik, etik sorumluluklar ve kurumsal kapasite gibi temel sınırlılıkları da ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular doğrultusunda; etik ve hukuki çerçevenin güçlendirilmesi, veri yönetimi ve dijital altyapı ile kurumsal kapasitesinin geliştirilmesi, açık veri ve algoritmik şeffaflık sağlanması, dijital eşitsizlikle mücadele edilmesi, yerel yapay zekâ stratejileri ve eylem planları hazırlanması ve yerel yönetimler arasında iş birliğinin teşvik edilmesi yönünde politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir. Bu öneriler, yapay zekânın yerel düzeyde kapsayıcı, etik, şeffaf ve sürdürülebilir bir yönetişim aracı olarak kullanılmasını desteklemektedir.

Keywords

• Dijitalleşme
• Yapay zekâ
• Yerel yönetimler
• Etik yönetişim
• Katılımcılık

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, DIGITALIZATION, AND ETHICAL GOVERNANCE IN LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BARCELONA, SHANGHAI, AND ANKARA

Abstract

The digitalization process in public administration, particularly at the local government level, increasingly points to a marked transformation. Emerging digital technologies not only enhance the quality-of-service delivery but also restructure decision-making processes and lead to structural changes in the understanding of governance. One of the most striking components of this transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, enables local administrations to develop more effective, participatory, and data-driven solutions in response to growing societal demands. The aim of this study is to examine how AI applications are integrated into the digitalization process of local administrations, to evaluate the impacts of this integration on administrative efficiency, citizen participation, and ethical governance, and to offer policy recommendations for the future based on the findings. In this context, a comparative analysis has been conducted of the cities of Barcelona and Shanghai, which serve as international examples, and Ankara, representing Turkey. The analysis reveals not only the potential benefits offered by AI applications but also fundamental limitations such as data security, digital inequality, ethical responsibilities, and institutional capacity challenges. Based on the findings, policy recommendations have been developed in the following areas: strengthening the ethical and legal framework; enhancing data management, improving digital infrastructure, and institutional capacity; ensuring open data access and algorithmic transparency; combating digital inequality; preparing local AI strategies and action plans; and promoting cooperation among local governments. These recommendations support the use of AI as an inclusive, ethical, transparent, and sustainable governance tool at the local level.

Keywords

• Digitalization
• Artificial intelligence
• Local administrations
• Ethical governance
• Participation

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