Türkiye’nin Çukurova Bölgesi Turunçgillerinde Yeni Zararlı Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)’in Dağılımı ve Zararı

Abstract

Biber tripsi veya Sarı çay tripsi, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) oldukça geniş bir konukçu dizisine sahip olup istilacı bir tür konumundadır. Zararlının kökeninin Güney ve Doğu Asya olmasına rağmen, Amerika, Afrika ve Avrupa (bazı ülkelerde) kıtalarında dağılım göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Çukurova Bölgesi’nde turunçgil yetiştiricilerinden gelen şikayetler üzerine gözlemler yapılmış ve zararlının tür tespiti ve dağılımının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Şikayet gelen alanlarda bulunan türün, morfolojik tespitinin yanında, Mitokondriyal gen sitokrom oksidaz altbirim I (mtCOI) bölgesine göre S. dorsalis olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada S. dorsalis’in Çukurova Bölgesi turunçgillerinde zarar yaptığı ilk defa rapor edilmiştir. Zararlının turunçgiller dışında biber, ejder meyvesi, karpuz ve narda da bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Zararlı popülasyonunun turunçgil sürgünlerinde özellikle sonbahara yaklaştıkça artış gösterdiği, sürgünlerde yaprak kıvrılmaları ve deformasyonlara neden olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Zararlı dağılımının Adana, Hatay, Mersin ve Osmaniye illeri içerisinde oldukça büyük bir alana yayıldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu istilacı zararlının dağılımının her geçen gün artacağı öngörülmektedir ve dağılımın önüne geçilmesi amacıyla tedbirler alınması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Biber tripsi
• dağılım
• istilacı tür
• Mitokondriyal gen sitokrom oksidaz altbirim I

Distribution and Damage of the New Pest Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Citrus in the Çukurova Region of Turkey

Abstract

Chilli thrips or yellow tea thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an invasive species with a wide host range. Although native to South and East Asia, it has spread to regions in America, Africa and parts of Europe. This study was conducted in response to complaints from citrus growers in the Çukurova Region, aiming to identify the pest species and map its distribution. Through morphological analysis and genetic identification using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI), the pest was confirmed as S. dorsalis. This study is first to report that S. dorsalis causes damage to citrus in the Çukurova Region. In addition to citrus, S. dorsalis was found in pepper, dragon fruit, pomegranate, and watermelon. Observations indicated that the pest population on citrus shoots increased significantly in autumn, resulting in leaf curling and shoot deformation. The pest’s distribution spans a large area within Adana, Hatay, Mersin, and Osmaniye, suggesting a concerning expansion. It is predicted that the spread of this invasive pest will continue to increase, highlighting the need for preventive measures to control its distribution.

Keywords

• Chilli thrips
• distribution
• invasive species
• mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

References

1. Arthurs, S., McKenzie, C. L., Chen, J., Dogramaci, M., Brennan, M., Houben, K., Osborne, L. (2009) Evaluation of Neoseiulus cucumeris and Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as biological control agents of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on pepper. Biol Control 49(1):91-96.
2. Atakan, E., Pehlivan, S. (2021a) First report of the chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, 1919 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Turkey. Turk J Zool 45(2):156-160.
3. Atakan, E., Pehlivan, S. (2021b). A new harmful thrips species in orange in Antalya Province: Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Mediterr Agric Sci 34(3):273-277.
4. BKÜ, (2024). Bitki Koruma Ürünleri Veri Tabanı. https://bku.tarimorman.gov.tr/ (Erişim tarihi: 20/10/2024). Cao, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, C., Li, M., Chen, L., Xie, H., Wang, L., Reitz, S. R., Li, C. (2024) Development and reproduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on six host plant species. J Econ Entomol 117(4):1439-1446.
5. Chu, C. C., Ciomperlik, M. A., Chang, N. T., Richards, M., Henneberry, T. J. (2006) Developing and evaluating traps for monitoring Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Fla Entomol 89(1):47-55.
6. Dickey, A. M., Kumar, V., Hoddle, M. S., Funderburk, J. E., Morgan, J. K., Jara-Cavieres, A., Jr. Shatters, R. G., Osborne, L. S., McKenzie, C. L. (2015) The Scirtothrips dorsalis species complex: endemism and invasion in a global pest. PLoS One 10(4):e0123747.
7. Doğramacı, M., Arthurs, S. P., Chen, J., McKenzie, C., Irrizary, F., Osborne, L. (2011) Management of chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on peppers by Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Biol Control 59(3):340-347.
8. Durna, Ü. (2024) Adana İli Yüreğir İlçesinde Limon ve Portakal Bahçelerinde Thrips (Thysanoptera) Türleri, Popülasyon Değişimleri ve Zararının Araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çukurova Üniversitesi.

9. EPPO (2024). https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SCITDO/categorization (Access date: 17/10/2024) FinchTV 1.4.0 (Geospiza, Inc.; Seattle, WA, USA; http://www.geospiza.com)
10. Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 3:294–299.
11. Google EarthTM (2024) [Eastern Mediterrenean Region of Turkey]. 05/11/2024 http://earth.google.com/ Hoddle, M. S., Mound, L. A. (2003). The genus Scirtothrips in Australia (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Zootaxa 268(1), 1-40.
12. Holtz, T. (2006) Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood: Chili thrips Thysanoptera/Thripidae. New pest Addisory Group, USDA/Aphis/Ppq/Cphst/Peral.
13. Hyun, J. W., Hwang, R. Y., Lee, K. S., Song, J. H., Yi, P. H., Kwon, H. M., Hyun, D. H., Kim, K. S. (2012) Seasonal occurrence of yellow tea thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in citrus orchards and its damage symptoms on citrus fruits. Korean J Appl Entomol 51(1):1-7.
14. Kang, S. H., Lee, J. H., Kim, D. S. (2015). Temperature‐dependent fecundity of overwintered Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its oviposition model with field validation. Pest Manag Sci 71(10):1441-1451.
15. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35(6):1547-1549.
16. Kumar, V., Kakkar, G., McKenzie, C. L., Seal, D. R., Osborne, L. S. (2013) Weed and Pest Control - Conventional and New Challenges: An overview of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) biology, distribution and management. S. Soloneski and M. Larramendy (Ed.), 53-77, Intech, Crotia
17. Kumar, V., Kakkar, G., Seal, D. R., McKenzie, C. L., Colee, J., Osborne, L. S. (2014) Temporal and spatial distribution of an invasive thrips species Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Crop Prot 55:80-90.
18. Kumar, V., Kakkar, G., Seal, D. R., McKenzie, C. L., Osborne, L. S. (2017) Evaluation of insecticides for curative, preventive, and rotational use on Scirtothrips dorsalis South Asia 1 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Fla Entomol 100(3):634-646.
19. Kumar, V., Xiao, Y., Borden, M. A., Ahmed, M. Z., McKenzie, C. L., Osborne, L. S. (2023) Distribution of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) cryptic species complex in the United States and reproductive host assessment of its dominant member. J Econ Entomol 116(5):1715-1726.
20. López-Lima, D., Tejeda-Reyes, M. A., Rodríguez-Málaga, R. D., López-Bautista, E., Salinas-Castro, A., Illescas-Riquelme, C. P. (2023) New Hosts, Distribution, and Color Trap Preferences of the Invasive Thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Mexico. J Entomol Sci 58(4):400-411.
21. Megharaj, K., Ajjappalavara, P., Revanappa, R. S., Tatagar, M., Satish, D. (2016) Study on morphological and biochemical bases for thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) resistance in Chilli (Capsicum annum L.). Res Environ Life Sci 9:1200-1202.
22. Mound, L. A., Marullo, R. (1996) The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction. Memoirs on Entomology, International, Gainesville, FL. pp. 6, 488.
23. Nietschke, B. S., Borchert, D. M., Magarey, R. D., Ciomperlik, M. A. (2008) Climatological potential for Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) establishment in the United States. Fla Entomol 91(1):9-86.
24. Satar, S., Tiring, G., Aslan, E., Yiğit, İ., Atakan, E. (2024). Loquat, a non-native plant in Türkiye, is a key seasonal host in the life cycle of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Phytoparasitica 52:30.
25. Satar, S., Tusun, A., Yayla, M., Tiring, G. (2019) Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot ve Euseius scutalis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’e Tau-Fluvalinatin Etkisi. TURJAF 7(12):2190-2197.
26. Schoeller, E. N., McKenzie, C. L., Osborne, L. S. (2020) Comparison of the phytoseiid mites Amblyseius swirskii and Amblydromalus limonicus for biological control of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Exp Appl Acarol 82(3):309-318.
27. Seal, D. R., Ciomperlik, M., Richards, M. L., Klassen, W. (2006) Comparative effectiveness of chemical insecticides against the chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on pepper and their compatibility with natural enemies. Crop Prot 25(9):949-955.
28. Seal, D. R., Klassen, W., Kumar, V. (2010) Biological parameters of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on selected hosts. Environ Entomol 39(5):1389-1398.
29. Shibao, M. (1996) Effects of temperature on development of the chillie thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on grape. Appl Entomol Zool 31(1):81-86.
30. Shibao, M., Ehara, S., Hosomi, A., Tanaka, H. (2004) Seasonal fluctuation in population density of phytoseiid mites and the yellow tea thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on grape, and predation of the thrips by Euseius sojaensis (Ehara)(Acari: Phytoseiidae). Appl Entomol Zool 39(4):727-730.
31. Skendžić, S., Zovko, M., Pajač Živković, I., Lešić, V., Lemić, D. (2021) Effect of climate change on introduced and native agricultural invasive insect pests in Europe. Insects 12(11):985.
32. Tatara, A. and K. Furuhashi (1992) Analytical study on damage to satsuma mandarin fruit by Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with particular reference to pest density. Jpn J Appl Entomol Zool 36:217–223
33. Tatara, A. (1994) Effect of temperature and host plant on the development, fertility and longevity of Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Appl Entomol Zool 29(1):31-37.
34. Tsuchiya, M., Furunishi, K., Masui, S. (1995) Behavior of yellow tea thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) on a reflective sheet. Appl Entomol Zool 39(4):289-297.
35. Wittenberg, R., Cock, M. J. W. (2001) Invasive alien species. How to address one of the greatest threats to biodiversity: A toolkit of best prevention and management practices. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.