Research Article
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Identification and Pathogenicity of Pythium nodosum Causing Wilting and Crown Rot of Apple and Peach Trees in Cukurova Region

Year 2016, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 69 - 78, 29.07.2016

Abstract

Plant materials infected with Pythium spp. were collected from apple and peach trees causing disease in different countrysides and locations of Adana and Mersin provinces for morphological and cultural features, and molecular characterization of Pythium species during 2010-2012. All five isolates used throughout this study were identified as Pythium nodosum based on ITS gen sequences. Colony patterns and radial growth study of isolates were performed on different media and subsequently their microscobic structures were identifıed. Isolates were generally formed chrysanthemum colony pattern on agar media and developed the best radial mycelial growth on hemp seed and potatoes dextrose agar media. It was determined that Pythium nodosum could cause wilting canopy, rotting of root and crown of apple and peach trees, which was the reason for economic damage in fruit orchards.

References

  • Anonim, (2016) Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (Erişim tarihi: 17.06.2016, 20:43)
  • Chen, W. (1992) Restriction Fragment length Polymophisms in enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNAs of three heterothallic Pythium species Phytopathology 82:1467-1472
  • Cooke, D.E.L., Drenth, A., Duncan, J.M., Wagels, G., Brasier, C.M., (2000) A moleculer phylogeny of Phytophthora and related Oomycetes. Fungal Genetics and Biology 30:17-32.
  • de Cock, A.W.A.M., Lodhi, A.M., Rintoul, T.L., Bala, K., Robideau, G.P., Abad, Z.G., Coffey, M.D., Shahzad, S., and Lévesque, C.A. (2015) PhytoPythium: molecular phylogeny and systematics. Persoonia 34: 25-39.
  • Dervis, S., Soylu, S., Serce, C. (2014) Corm and root rot of Colocasia esculenta caused by Ovatisporangium vesans and Rhizoctonia solani. Romanian Biotechnological Letters 19(6):9868–9874.
  • Erwin, D. C. ve Ribeiro, O. K., (1996) Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota. 562s.
  • Duncan, J. ve Cooke, D. (2002) Identifying, diagnosing and detecting Phytophthora by moleculer methods. Mycologist 16:59-66.
  • Hendrix,F. F. ve Campbell, W. A. (1973) Pythiums as plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 11: 77–98.
  • Jeffers, S. N. ve Martin, S. B. (1986) Comparison of two media selective for Phytophthora and Pythium species. Plant Disease 70(11): 1038–1043.
  • Lévesque, C. A. ve De Cock, W. A. M. (2004) Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Pythium. Mycol. Res. 108 (12): 1363–1383.
  • Mazzola, M., Andrews, P. K., Reganold, J. P., Lévesque, C. A. (2002). Frequency, virulence, and metalaxyl sensitivity of Pythium spp. isolated from apple roots under conventional and organic production systems. Plant Disease 86:669-675.
  • Mcleod, A. l., Botha, W. J., Meitz, J. C., Spies, C. F. J., Tewoldemedhin, Y. T., Mostert, L. (2009) Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Pythium species in South Africa. Mycological Research 113:933–951.
  • Mircetich, S. M. (1970) The Role of Pythium in Feeder Roots of Diseased and Symptomless Peach Trees and in Orchard Soils in Peach Tree Decline. Phytopathology 61:357-360.
  • Nakova, M. (2010) Monitoring of Phytophthora species on fruit trees in Bulgaria. European Journal of Plant Pathology 128:517-525
  • Paul, B., Galland, D., Bhatnagar, T., Dulieu, H. (1998) A new species of Pythium isolated from the Burgundy region in France. FEMS Microbiology Letters 158: 207-213
  • Paul, B. (2000) ITS1 region of the rDNA of Pythium megacarpum sp. nov., its taxonomy, and its comparison with related species. FEMS Microbiology Letters 186: 229–233.
  • Paul, B. (2001) ITS region of the rDNA of Pythium longandrum, a new species; its taxonomy and its comparison with related species. FEMS Microbiology Letters 202:239–242.
  • Ribeiro, O. K. (1978). A Source Book of the Genus Phytophthora. Vaduz
  • Ristaino, J.B., Madritch, M., Trout, C.L., parra, G., 1998. PCR amplification of ribosomal DNA for species identification in the plant pathogen genus Phytophthora. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(3)948-954.
  • Schroeder, K. L., Martin, F. N., Lévesque, C. A., Spies, C. F. J., Okubara, P. A., Paulitz, T. C. (2013) Molecular Detection and Quantification of Pythium Species:Evolving Taxonomy, New Tools, and Challenges. Plant Disease 97(1): 4–20.
  • Souli, M., Boughalleb, N., Campo, P. A., Alvarez, L. A., Sierr, A. P., Armengol, J., Jime´nez, J. G. (2011) First Report of Pythium indigoferae and P. irregulare Associated to Apple Trees Decline in Tunisia. J. Phytopathology 159:352–357.
  • Spies, C. F. J., Mazzola, M., McLeod, A. (2011) Characterisation and detection of Pythium and Phytophthora species associated with grapevines in South Africa. Eur. J. Plant Pathology 131:103–119.
  • Tao, Y., Zeng, F., Ho, H., Wei, J., Wu, Y., Yang, L., He, Y. (2011) Pythium vexans Causing Stem Rot of Dendrobium in Yunnan Province, China. J. Phytopathology 159:255–259.
  • Tewoldemedhin, Y. T., Mazzola, M., Botha, W. J., Spies, C. J., McLeod, A. (2011) Characterization of fungi (Fusarium and Rhizoctonia) and oomycetes (Phytophthora and Pythium) associated with apple orchards in South Africa. Eur. J. Plant Pathology 130:215–229.
  • Uzuhashi, S., Tojo, M., Kakishima, M. (2010) Phylogeny of the genus Pythium and description of new genera. Mycoscience 51:337–365.
  • Villa, N.O., Kageyama, K., Asano, T., Suga, H., 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of Pythium and Phytophthora species based on ITS rDNA, cytochrome oxidase II and b-tubulin gene sequences Mycologia 98(3)410-422.
  • Webster, J. ve Weber, R.W.S. (2007) Introduction to Fungi. Cambridge University Press. New York
  • White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. (Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, Editörler). Academic Press, New York, USA:315–322.
  • Yang, J., Ruegger, P. M., McKenry, M. V., Becker, J. O., Borneman,J. (2012) Correlations between Root-Associated Microorganisms and Peach Replant Disease Symptoms in a California Soil. Plos One 7(10):1–10.
  • Zeng, H. C., Ho, H. H., Zheng, F. C. (2005) Pythium vexans causing patch canker of rubber trees on Hainan Island, China. Mycopathologia 159: 601–606.

Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması ve Patojenisitesi

Year 2016, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 69 - 78, 29.07.2016

Abstract

Adana ve Mersin meyve bahçelerinde elma ve şeftali ağaçlarında hastalık etmeni Pythium türlerinin morfolojik, kültürel ve moleküler karakterizasyonlarını belirlemek amacı ile 2010-2012 yılları arasında farklı bölgelerden Pythium spp. ile infekteli olduğundan şüphe edilen bitki örnekleri toplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan izolatların tamamı ITS gen dizisine göre Pythium nodosum voucher olarak saptanmıştır. İzolatların koloni deseni ve radiyal gelişimi beş farklı agar ortamlarında çalışılmış ve mikroskobik yapıları belirlenmiştir. İzolatlar genel olarak agar ortamlarında krizantemi koloni deseni oluşturmuş ve en iyi radyal misel gelişimi kenevir tohumu ve patates dekstroz agar ortamlarında gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda Pythium nodosum’un meyve bahçelerinde ekonomik düzeyde elma ve şeftali ağaçlarında solgunluk, kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü oluşturabileceği saptanmıştır.

References

  • Anonim, (2016) Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (Erişim tarihi: 17.06.2016, 20:43)
  • Chen, W. (1992) Restriction Fragment length Polymophisms in enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNAs of three heterothallic Pythium species Phytopathology 82:1467-1472
  • Cooke, D.E.L., Drenth, A., Duncan, J.M., Wagels, G., Brasier, C.M., (2000) A moleculer phylogeny of Phytophthora and related Oomycetes. Fungal Genetics and Biology 30:17-32.
  • de Cock, A.W.A.M., Lodhi, A.M., Rintoul, T.L., Bala, K., Robideau, G.P., Abad, Z.G., Coffey, M.D., Shahzad, S., and Lévesque, C.A. (2015) PhytoPythium: molecular phylogeny and systematics. Persoonia 34: 25-39.
  • Dervis, S., Soylu, S., Serce, C. (2014) Corm and root rot of Colocasia esculenta caused by Ovatisporangium vesans and Rhizoctonia solani. Romanian Biotechnological Letters 19(6):9868–9874.
  • Erwin, D. C. ve Ribeiro, O. K., (1996) Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota. 562s.
  • Duncan, J. ve Cooke, D. (2002) Identifying, diagnosing and detecting Phytophthora by moleculer methods. Mycologist 16:59-66.
  • Hendrix,F. F. ve Campbell, W. A. (1973) Pythiums as plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 11: 77–98.
  • Jeffers, S. N. ve Martin, S. B. (1986) Comparison of two media selective for Phytophthora and Pythium species. Plant Disease 70(11): 1038–1043.
  • Lévesque, C. A. ve De Cock, W. A. M. (2004) Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Pythium. Mycol. Res. 108 (12): 1363–1383.
  • Mazzola, M., Andrews, P. K., Reganold, J. P., Lévesque, C. A. (2002). Frequency, virulence, and metalaxyl sensitivity of Pythium spp. isolated from apple roots under conventional and organic production systems. Plant Disease 86:669-675.
  • Mcleod, A. l., Botha, W. J., Meitz, J. C., Spies, C. F. J., Tewoldemedhin, Y. T., Mostert, L. (2009) Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Pythium species in South Africa. Mycological Research 113:933–951.
  • Mircetich, S. M. (1970) The Role of Pythium in Feeder Roots of Diseased and Symptomless Peach Trees and in Orchard Soils in Peach Tree Decline. Phytopathology 61:357-360.
  • Nakova, M. (2010) Monitoring of Phytophthora species on fruit trees in Bulgaria. European Journal of Plant Pathology 128:517-525
  • Paul, B., Galland, D., Bhatnagar, T., Dulieu, H. (1998) A new species of Pythium isolated from the Burgundy region in France. FEMS Microbiology Letters 158: 207-213
  • Paul, B. (2000) ITS1 region of the rDNA of Pythium megacarpum sp. nov., its taxonomy, and its comparison with related species. FEMS Microbiology Letters 186: 229–233.
  • Paul, B. (2001) ITS region of the rDNA of Pythium longandrum, a new species; its taxonomy and its comparison with related species. FEMS Microbiology Letters 202:239–242.
  • Ribeiro, O. K. (1978). A Source Book of the Genus Phytophthora. Vaduz
  • Ristaino, J.B., Madritch, M., Trout, C.L., parra, G., 1998. PCR amplification of ribosomal DNA for species identification in the plant pathogen genus Phytophthora. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(3)948-954.
  • Schroeder, K. L., Martin, F. N., Lévesque, C. A., Spies, C. F. J., Okubara, P. A., Paulitz, T. C. (2013) Molecular Detection and Quantification of Pythium Species:Evolving Taxonomy, New Tools, and Challenges. Plant Disease 97(1): 4–20.
  • Souli, M., Boughalleb, N., Campo, P. A., Alvarez, L. A., Sierr, A. P., Armengol, J., Jime´nez, J. G. (2011) First Report of Pythium indigoferae and P. irregulare Associated to Apple Trees Decline in Tunisia. J. Phytopathology 159:352–357.
  • Spies, C. F. J., Mazzola, M., McLeod, A. (2011) Characterisation and detection of Pythium and Phytophthora species associated with grapevines in South Africa. Eur. J. Plant Pathology 131:103–119.
  • Tao, Y., Zeng, F., Ho, H., Wei, J., Wu, Y., Yang, L., He, Y. (2011) Pythium vexans Causing Stem Rot of Dendrobium in Yunnan Province, China. J. Phytopathology 159:255–259.
  • Tewoldemedhin, Y. T., Mazzola, M., Botha, W. J., Spies, C. J., McLeod, A. (2011) Characterization of fungi (Fusarium and Rhizoctonia) and oomycetes (Phytophthora and Pythium) associated with apple orchards in South Africa. Eur. J. Plant Pathology 130:215–229.
  • Uzuhashi, S., Tojo, M., Kakishima, M. (2010) Phylogeny of the genus Pythium and description of new genera. Mycoscience 51:337–365.
  • Villa, N.O., Kageyama, K., Asano, T., Suga, H., 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of Pythium and Phytophthora species based on ITS rDNA, cytochrome oxidase II and b-tubulin gene sequences Mycologia 98(3)410-422.
  • Webster, J. ve Weber, R.W.S. (2007) Introduction to Fungi. Cambridge University Press. New York
  • White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. (Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, Editörler). Academic Press, New York, USA:315–322.
  • Yang, J., Ruegger, P. M., McKenry, M. V., Becker, J. O., Borneman,J. (2012) Correlations between Root-Associated Microorganisms and Peach Replant Disease Symptoms in a California Soil. Plos One 7(10):1–10.
  • Zeng, H. C., Ho, H. H., Zheng, F. C. (2005) Pythium vexans causing patch canker of rubber trees on Hainan Island, China. Mycopathologia 159: 601–606.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Endes This is me

Mukaddes Kayım This is me

Publication Date July 29, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 31 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Endes, A., & Kayım, M. (2016). Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması ve Patojenisitesi. Çukurova Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(2), 69-78.
AMA Endes A, Kayım M. Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması ve Patojenisitesi. Çukurova J. Agric. Food. Sciences. July 2016;31(2):69-78.
Chicago Endes, Ali, and Mukaddes Kayım. “Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma Ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk Ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması Ve Patojenisitesi”. Çukurova Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 31, no. 2 (July 2016): 69-78.
EndNote Endes A, Kayım M (July 1, 2016) Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması ve Patojenisitesi. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 31 2 69–78.
IEEE A. Endes and M. Kayım, “Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması ve Patojenisitesi”, Çukurova J. Agric. Food. Sciences, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 69–78, 2016.
ISNAD Endes, Ali - Kayım, Mukaddes. “Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma Ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk Ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması Ve Patojenisitesi”. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 31/2 (July 2016), 69-78.
JAMA Endes A, Kayım M. Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması ve Patojenisitesi. Çukurova J. Agric. Food. Sciences. 2016;31:69–78.
MLA Endes, Ali and Mukaddes Kayım. “Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma Ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk Ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması Ve Patojenisitesi”. Çukurova Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 31, no. 2, 2016, pp. 69-78.
Vancouver Endes A, Kayım M. Çukurova Bölgesi’nde Elma ve Şeftali Ağaçlarında Solgunluk ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Etmeni Pythium nodosum’un Tanılanması ve Patojenisitesi. Çukurova J. Agric. Food. Sciences. 2016;31(2):69-78.

From January 1, 2016 “Çukurova University Journal of Faculty of Agriculture” continuous its publication life as “Çukurova Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences”.