AN INVESTIGATION ON PERFECT HUMAN (AL-INSAN AL-KĀMIL) IN THE POEMS OF MAWLĀNĀ JALĀL AD-DIN RŪMĪ AND HĀFIZ-E SHĪRĀZĪ

Abstract

In the Islamic worldview, the human has a prominent position such that perfect man (al-Insan al-Kāmil) is introduced as successor and vicegerent of Allah on earth. But, this succession to the God and attainment of sublime status depends on characteristics and conditions taken into account in various respects. Islamic mysticism is one of the most important approaches in addressing the human and his/her role in the cosmos emphasized by various philosophers and scholars based on Islamic teachings. Position of perfect human and his dignity and esteem are investigated from perspective of two famous mystics and geniuses, Mawlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī and Hāfiz-e Shīrāzī; that both of them were also influential and prominent in Persian poetry and literature, and have expressed their viewpoints in form of elegant and evocative poems. Thus, this study was conducted to unravelmany of the secrets and mysteries of humanity and providing a context for human spiritual development using religious teachings and intuition of discoveries, and experiences of Muslim mystics. Finally, transcendent values of the human's base and position were investigated in order of creation, as well as some human's characteristics and attributes and the purpose of human creation by examining a few poems of Mawlānā and Hāfiz using a descriptive analytical method.

Keywords

• Anthropology
• Complete Human
• Astute
• Mysticism
• Mawlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī
• Hāfiz-e Shīrāzī.

MEVLÂNÂ CELÂLEDDÎN-İ RÛMÎ VE HÂFIZ-I ŞÎRÂZÎ’NİN ŞİİRLERİNDE İNSAN-I KÂMİL TASAVVURUNUN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Tasavvufi dünya görüşünde insan için önemli bir makam göz önünde bulundurulur ve İnsan-ı kâmil mertebesine ulaşan kimse Allah’ın temsilcisi ve halifesi olarak nitelendirilir. Tabii, Allah’ın halifesi olmak ve kâmil insan mertebesine ulaşabilmek için insanın bazı haslet ve özelliklere sahip olması gerekmektedir. İslam dünyasında insana ve insanın sahip olduğu makam ve role teveccüh eden yaklaşımlardan biri de İslami İrfan ve tasavvuf geleneğidir. Müslüman mutasavvıf ve âlimlerin çoğu İslami öğretiler çerçevesinde bu konuya dikkat çekmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada düşüncelerini manzum şekilde ifade eden Şark-İslam edebiyatının iki önemli siması olan Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî ve Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî’nin İnsan-ı Kâmil için betimlediği değer ve mevki incelenecektir. İslami öğretiler ve ariflerin beyanlarından faydalanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada insanın manevi gelişimine katkı sağlayan unsurların açıklanmasıyla beraber insanın sahip olduğu sırlar ve nitelikler de izah edilecektir. Keza bu çalışmada Mevlânâ ve Hâfız’ın şiirlerinde insanın varlık âlemindeki konumu, sahip olduğu erdemler ve niteliklerin neler olduğu, betimleme ve analitik yöntemle incelenecektir.

Keywords

• Antropoloji
• İnsan-ı kâmil
• İrfan
• Rind
• Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî
• Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî

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