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Erken Dönem Hıristiyanlığı Anlamak İçin Açılan Bir Pencere: Didache

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 401 - 430, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1482927

Abstract

Didache, erken döneme tarihlendirilmiş bir metindir. 1873 yılında bulunmasına kadar, kayıp olarak nitelendirilmişken, bu tarihten günümüze Hıristiyanlık tarihi araştırmalarında büyük bir ilgi toplamıştır. Didache’nin yazılma tarihi ile ilgili farklı düşünceler olsa da araştırmacılarının çoğu onu MS 50-70 yılları arasına tarihlendirmektedir. Didache, içeriğinde Hıristiyanlığın erken dönemi ile ilgili detay bilgiler içermekle beraber bu bilgiler kimi araştırmacılara göre Erken Hıristiyanlık Tarihini yeniden değerlendirmemizi gerektirecek niteliktedir. Kilise içerisindeki Yahudiler ve Gentileler arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak ve Hıristiyanlığın Yahudilikten kopuş sürecini daha net ortaya koyabilmek adına önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı bu bilgilerden hareketle Didache’nin Hıristiyanlığın Kudüs cemaatinden kopuş sürecindeki rolünü araştırmaktır. Bunun için Didache’nin yayınlandığı tarihten itibaren ortaya konulan literatür ve Didache’nin değindiği ve ilişkili olduğu düşünülen Eski ve Yeni Ahit bölümleri incelenmiştir. Bunun sonucunda ise konunun geniş yelpazede tartışıldığı ve tartışmaların Hıristiyanlığın resmi öğretisinden farklı istikamette geliştiği görülmüş, Helenist-Hıristiyan öğretinin Hıristiyanlığın Yahudilikten ayrılması süreci adına vermiş olduğu bilgilere alternatif bir bilgi kaynağı olma potansiyeli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Aydın, Mahmut. “Hıristiyanlıkta Yasa Sorunu: Pavlus ve Musa Yasası”, Pavlus’u Düşünmek. ed. C. Batuk. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2006, 303-332.
  • Aydın, Mahmut. Hristiyanlık, Tarih, İnanç ve Uygulama. İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınları 2018.
  • Aydın, Mahmut.“Şeriat”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları 2010, 38/575.
  • Aykıt, Dursun Ali. Hıristiyanlığın Öncüsü Olarak İskenderiyeli Philo. Ankara: Eskiyeni Yayınları, 2019. Batuk, Cengiz. Bir Polemik Aracı Olarak Barnabas İncili. Ankara: Eski Yeni Yayınları 2018.
  • Batuk, Cengiz. Mitoloji ve Tarihsellik, Hıristiyanlığın Asli Günah Mitinin Tarihsel Dönüşümü. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık 2006.
  • Batuk, Cengiz. Tarihin Sonunu Beklemek, Ortadoğu Dinlerinde Eskatoloji Mitosları. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık 2003,
  • Baur, Ferdinand Christian. Paul the Apostle of Jesus Christ: His Life and Works His Epistles and Teachings, trans. A.P. Massachusets: Hendrikson Publishers 2003.
  • Bultmann, Rudolf. Primitive Christianity. trans. Reginald H. Fuller. Philadelphia: Fortress Press 1983.
  • Bultmann, Rudolf. Theology of the New Tastement. trans. Kendrick Grobel. New York: Charles Scribners’s Sons 1951.
  • Casey, P. Maurice. From Jewish Prophet to Gentile God: The Origins and Development of New Testament Christiology. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co. 1991.
  • Draper, Jonathan. “A Continuing Enigma: The “Yoke of the Lord” in Didache 6.2-3 and Early Jewish-Christian Relations”. The Image of the Judeo-Christians in Ancient Jewish and Christian Literature. ed. Peter J. Tomson Doris Lambers-Petry. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2003, 106-123.
  • Draper, Jonathan A. “Pure Sacrifice in Didache as Jewish-Christian Exegesis”, Neotestamentica, 42/2 (2008), 223-252.
  • Gruen, Erich S.. Diaspora Jews Amidst Greeks and Romans. London: Harvard University Press, 2002.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. Pavlus: Hıristiyanlığın Mimarı. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2017.
  • Hengel, Martin. Judaism and Hellenism. trans. J. Bowden, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974.
  • Kyomch, Taras. “Another Gospel: Exploring Early Christian Diversity With Paul and the Didache”, The Didache: A Missing Piece of the Puzzle. eds. Jonathan A. Draper - Clayton Jefford. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015. 455-476.
  • McCray, John. “Pavlus’un Yahudi Şeriatına Bakışı”, çev. Süleyman Turan, Pavlus’u Düşünmek, ed. Cengiz Batuk Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2006, 269-280.
  • McDonald, James H. Kerygma and Didache. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Milavec, Aaron. “The Distress Signals of Didache Research: Quest for a Viable Future”. The Didache Missing Piece of the Puzzle. ed. Jonathan Draper. Atlanta: Clayton N. Jefford, SBL Press, 2015, 59-83..
  • Milavec, Aaron. “The Pastoral Genius of Didache: An Anlytical Translation and Commentary”, Religious Writings and Religious Systems, Systemic Analysis of Holy Books in Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Greco- Roman Religions, Ancient Israel and Judaism 2: Christianity, eds. J. Neusner, E.S. Frerichs, A.J. Levine, Providence RI: BSR-University of South Florida 1989, 89-125.
  • Milavec, Aaron. The Didache: Text, Translation, Analysis and Commentary. Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 2003.
  • Niederwimmer, Kurt. The Didache: A Commentary. trans. Linda M. Maloney. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1998.
  • Sanders, Parish (ed.). Paul, The Law and The Jewish People. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983.
  • Sandt, Huub van de - Flusser, David. The Didache: Its Jewish Sources and Its Place in Early Judaism and Christianity. Minneapolis: Fortress Press 2002.
  • Sandt, Huub van de. “Why does the Didache Conceive of the Eucharist as a Holy Meal?”, Vigiliae Christianaer, 1/65 (2011), 1-20.
  • Schaff, Philip. The Oldest Church Manual Called the Teaching of the Twelve Apostles The Didache and Kindred Documents, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons 1885.
  • Schoeps, Hans-Joachim. Yahudi-Hıristiyanlığı. çev. E. Sarıkçıoğlu, İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2010.
  • Tcherikover, Avigdor. Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews. trans. S. Applebaum. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1959.
  • Turan, Süleyman. Misyonerliğin Kurucusu Pavlus. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2006.

A Window That Opens For Understanding Early Christianity

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 401 - 430, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1482927

Abstract

Didache is a text dated to the early period. While it was considered lost until 1873, it has attracted significant attention in long-term Christian history research. Although there are different opinions about the date of Didache's writing, most researchers date it to 50-70 AD. Although Didache contains detailed information about the early period of Christianity, according to some researchers, this information requires us to re-evaluate the History of Early Christianity. It contains important information to unite Jews and Gentiles within the church and make sense of Christianity's separation from Judaism. Based on this information, our study aims to investigate the role of Didache in the rupture process of Christianity. For this purpose, the literature that emerged since the publication of Didache and the New and Old Testament sections that Didache touched upon have been examined. As a result, it was seen that the subject was discussed in a wide range of ways. The discussions were not stated in a different direction than what Christianity was officially taught. The information provided by the Hellenist Christians during the process of Christianity's separation from Judaism was identified as having the potential to be an alternative source of information.

References

  • Aydın, Mahmut. “Hıristiyanlıkta Yasa Sorunu: Pavlus ve Musa Yasası”, Pavlus’u Düşünmek. ed. C. Batuk. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2006, 303-332.
  • Aydın, Mahmut. Hristiyanlık, Tarih, İnanç ve Uygulama. İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınları 2018.
  • Aydın, Mahmut.“Şeriat”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları 2010, 38/575.
  • Aykıt, Dursun Ali. Hıristiyanlığın Öncüsü Olarak İskenderiyeli Philo. Ankara: Eskiyeni Yayınları, 2019. Batuk, Cengiz. Bir Polemik Aracı Olarak Barnabas İncili. Ankara: Eski Yeni Yayınları 2018.
  • Batuk, Cengiz. Mitoloji ve Tarihsellik, Hıristiyanlığın Asli Günah Mitinin Tarihsel Dönüşümü. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık 2006.
  • Batuk, Cengiz. Tarihin Sonunu Beklemek, Ortadoğu Dinlerinde Eskatoloji Mitosları. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık 2003,
  • Baur, Ferdinand Christian. Paul the Apostle of Jesus Christ: His Life and Works His Epistles and Teachings, trans. A.P. Massachusets: Hendrikson Publishers 2003.
  • Bultmann, Rudolf. Primitive Christianity. trans. Reginald H. Fuller. Philadelphia: Fortress Press 1983.
  • Bultmann, Rudolf. Theology of the New Tastement. trans. Kendrick Grobel. New York: Charles Scribners’s Sons 1951.
  • Casey, P. Maurice. From Jewish Prophet to Gentile God: The Origins and Development of New Testament Christiology. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co. 1991.
  • Draper, Jonathan. “A Continuing Enigma: The “Yoke of the Lord” in Didache 6.2-3 and Early Jewish-Christian Relations”. The Image of the Judeo-Christians in Ancient Jewish and Christian Literature. ed. Peter J. Tomson Doris Lambers-Petry. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2003, 106-123.
  • Draper, Jonathan A. “Pure Sacrifice in Didache as Jewish-Christian Exegesis”, Neotestamentica, 42/2 (2008), 223-252.
  • Gruen, Erich S.. Diaspora Jews Amidst Greeks and Romans. London: Harvard University Press, 2002.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. Pavlus: Hıristiyanlığın Mimarı. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2017.
  • Hengel, Martin. Judaism and Hellenism. trans. J. Bowden, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974.
  • Kyomch, Taras. “Another Gospel: Exploring Early Christian Diversity With Paul and the Didache”, The Didache: A Missing Piece of the Puzzle. eds. Jonathan A. Draper - Clayton Jefford. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015. 455-476.
  • McCray, John. “Pavlus’un Yahudi Şeriatına Bakışı”, çev. Süleyman Turan, Pavlus’u Düşünmek, ed. Cengiz Batuk Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2006, 269-280.
  • McDonald, James H. Kerygma and Didache. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Milavec, Aaron. “The Distress Signals of Didache Research: Quest for a Viable Future”. The Didache Missing Piece of the Puzzle. ed. Jonathan Draper. Atlanta: Clayton N. Jefford, SBL Press, 2015, 59-83..
  • Milavec, Aaron. “The Pastoral Genius of Didache: An Anlytical Translation and Commentary”, Religious Writings and Religious Systems, Systemic Analysis of Holy Books in Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Greco- Roman Religions, Ancient Israel and Judaism 2: Christianity, eds. J. Neusner, E.S. Frerichs, A.J. Levine, Providence RI: BSR-University of South Florida 1989, 89-125.
  • Milavec, Aaron. The Didache: Text, Translation, Analysis and Commentary. Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 2003.
  • Niederwimmer, Kurt. The Didache: A Commentary. trans. Linda M. Maloney. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1998.
  • Sanders, Parish (ed.). Paul, The Law and The Jewish People. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983.
  • Sandt, Huub van de - Flusser, David. The Didache: Its Jewish Sources and Its Place in Early Judaism and Christianity. Minneapolis: Fortress Press 2002.
  • Sandt, Huub van de. “Why does the Didache Conceive of the Eucharist as a Holy Meal?”, Vigiliae Christianaer, 1/65 (2011), 1-20.
  • Schaff, Philip. The Oldest Church Manual Called the Teaching of the Twelve Apostles The Didache and Kindred Documents, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons 1885.
  • Schoeps, Hans-Joachim. Yahudi-Hıristiyanlığı. çev. E. Sarıkçıoğlu, İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2010.
  • Tcherikover, Avigdor. Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews. trans. S. Applebaum. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1959.
  • Turan, Süleyman. Misyonerliğin Kurucusu Pavlus. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2006.

نافذة تفتح لفهم المسيحية المبكرة

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 401 - 430, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1482927

Abstract

الديداش هو نص يعود تاريخه إلى الفترة المبكرة، رغم أنه كان يُعَدُّ مفقودا حتى عام 1873م، وقد نال اهتمامًا كبيرًا في أبحاث التاريخ المسيحي –بعد اكتشافه- إلى يومنا هذا. على الرغم من اختلاف الآراء حول تاريخ كتابة الديداش، إلا أن معظم الباحثين يؤرخون كتابته بين سنة 50-70 م.
يحتوي نص الديداش على معلومات مفصلة عن الفترة المبكرة للمسيحية، إلا أن هذه المعلومات -بحسب بعض الباحثين- تتطلب منا إعادة تقييم تاريخ المسيحية المبكرة، كما يتضمن معلومات مهمة عن فهم علاقات اليهود وغيرهم داخل الكنيسة، ولفهم عملية انفصال المسيحية عن اليهودية.
وبناءً على هذه المعلومات، فإن هدف دراستنا هو دراسة دور الديداش في عملية انفصال المسيحية؛ ولهذا الغرض، تم فحص الأدبيات التي ظهرت منذ نشر الديداش وأقسام العهد القديم والجديد التي تطرق إليها الديداش.
ونتيجة لذلك، فقد تبين أن المناقشات حول الديداش قد تطورت في اتجاه مختلف عن التعاليم الرسمية للمسيحية، وتقرر أن العقيدة الهيلينية المسيحية لديها القدرة على أن تكون مصدرًا بديلاً للمعلومات. أعطيت نيابة عن عملية فصل المسيحية عن اليهودية

References

  • Aydın, Mahmut. “Hıristiyanlıkta Yasa Sorunu: Pavlus ve Musa Yasası”, Pavlus’u Düşünmek. ed. C. Batuk. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2006, 303-332.
  • Aydın, Mahmut. Hristiyanlık, Tarih, İnanç ve Uygulama. İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınları 2018.
  • Aydın, Mahmut.“Şeriat”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları 2010, 38/575.
  • Aykıt, Dursun Ali. Hıristiyanlığın Öncüsü Olarak İskenderiyeli Philo. Ankara: Eskiyeni Yayınları, 2019. Batuk, Cengiz. Bir Polemik Aracı Olarak Barnabas İncili. Ankara: Eski Yeni Yayınları 2018.
  • Batuk, Cengiz. Mitoloji ve Tarihsellik, Hıristiyanlığın Asli Günah Mitinin Tarihsel Dönüşümü. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık 2006.
  • Batuk, Cengiz. Tarihin Sonunu Beklemek, Ortadoğu Dinlerinde Eskatoloji Mitosları. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık 2003,
  • Baur, Ferdinand Christian. Paul the Apostle of Jesus Christ: His Life and Works His Epistles and Teachings, trans. A.P. Massachusets: Hendrikson Publishers 2003.
  • Bultmann, Rudolf. Primitive Christianity. trans. Reginald H. Fuller. Philadelphia: Fortress Press 1983.
  • Bultmann, Rudolf. Theology of the New Tastement. trans. Kendrick Grobel. New York: Charles Scribners’s Sons 1951.
  • Casey, P. Maurice. From Jewish Prophet to Gentile God: The Origins and Development of New Testament Christiology. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co. 1991.
  • Draper, Jonathan. “A Continuing Enigma: The “Yoke of the Lord” in Didache 6.2-3 and Early Jewish-Christian Relations”. The Image of the Judeo-Christians in Ancient Jewish and Christian Literature. ed. Peter J. Tomson Doris Lambers-Petry. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2003, 106-123.
  • Draper, Jonathan A. “Pure Sacrifice in Didache as Jewish-Christian Exegesis”, Neotestamentica, 42/2 (2008), 223-252.
  • Gruen, Erich S.. Diaspora Jews Amidst Greeks and Romans. London: Harvard University Press, 2002.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. Pavlus: Hıristiyanlığın Mimarı. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2017.
  • Hengel, Martin. Judaism and Hellenism. trans. J. Bowden, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974.
  • Kyomch, Taras. “Another Gospel: Exploring Early Christian Diversity With Paul and the Didache”, The Didache: A Missing Piece of the Puzzle. eds. Jonathan A. Draper - Clayton Jefford. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015. 455-476.
  • McCray, John. “Pavlus’un Yahudi Şeriatına Bakışı”, çev. Süleyman Turan, Pavlus’u Düşünmek, ed. Cengiz Batuk Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2006, 269-280.
  • McDonald, James H. Kerygma and Didache. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Milavec, Aaron. “The Distress Signals of Didache Research: Quest for a Viable Future”. The Didache Missing Piece of the Puzzle. ed. Jonathan Draper. Atlanta: Clayton N. Jefford, SBL Press, 2015, 59-83..
  • Milavec, Aaron. “The Pastoral Genius of Didache: An Anlytical Translation and Commentary”, Religious Writings and Religious Systems, Systemic Analysis of Holy Books in Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Greco- Roman Religions, Ancient Israel and Judaism 2: Christianity, eds. J. Neusner, E.S. Frerichs, A.J. Levine, Providence RI: BSR-University of South Florida 1989, 89-125.
  • Milavec, Aaron. The Didache: Text, Translation, Analysis and Commentary. Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 2003.
  • Niederwimmer, Kurt. The Didache: A Commentary. trans. Linda M. Maloney. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1998.
  • Sanders, Parish (ed.). Paul, The Law and The Jewish People. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983.
  • Sandt, Huub van de - Flusser, David. The Didache: Its Jewish Sources and Its Place in Early Judaism and Christianity. Minneapolis: Fortress Press 2002.
  • Sandt, Huub van de. “Why does the Didache Conceive of the Eucharist as a Holy Meal?”, Vigiliae Christianaer, 1/65 (2011), 1-20.
  • Schaff, Philip. The Oldest Church Manual Called the Teaching of the Twelve Apostles The Didache and Kindred Documents, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons 1885.
  • Schoeps, Hans-Joachim. Yahudi-Hıristiyanlığı. çev. E. Sarıkçıoğlu, İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2010.
  • Tcherikover, Avigdor. Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews. trans. S. Applebaum. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1959.
  • Turan, Süleyman. Misyonerliğin Kurucusu Pavlus. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2006.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects History of Religion
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Cengiz Batuk 0000-0001-5639-8386

Veysel Altuncan 0000-0002-2486-5397

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date May 13, 2024
Acceptance Date September 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD Batuk, Cengiz - Altuncan, Veysel. “Erken Dönem Hıristiyanlığı Anlamak İçin Açılan Bir Pencere: Didache”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 24/2 (September 2024), 401-430. https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1482927.