Çin'de Bölgesel Eşitsizlik: Kronolojik Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 67 - 86, 19.02.2020

Veysel Tekdal

Abstract

Son on yıllarda Çin’in ekonomik kalkınmadaki büyük atılımına bölgesel eşitsizliğin artışı eşlik etmiştir. Reformların başlangıcından bu yana, doğu bölgesi ülkenin ekonomik olarak en dinamik kısmı olarak ortaya çıkarken, batı, orta ve kuzeydoğu bölgeleri nispeten geride kalmıştır. Bu makale reform döneminde Çin’de bölgesel eşitsizliğin genel hatlarını değerlendirmektedir. Makale ilk olarak, bölgesel eşitsizliğin büyük ölçüde arttığı 1978'den 2000'lerin ortalarına kadar olan döneme odaklanmaktadır ve bu dönemde bölgesel eşitsizliğin artmasının ardında yatan faktörleri tartışmaktadır. Makalenin ikinci bölümünde, merkezi hükümetin dengeli bölgesel kalkınmaya dönüşü ve daha geniş makroekonomik eğilimler bağlamında 2000'lerin ortalarından bu yana bölgesel eşitsizliğin daralması incelenmektedir.
Makalenin son bölümü, Pekin’in son yıllarda izlemeye başladığı finansal riski ve aşırı kapasiteyi azaltma politikalarının bölgesel eşitsizliğe yansımalarını incelemektedir.

Keywords

Çin, Bölgesel Eşitsizlik, Ekonomik Kalkınma, Reform Dönemi

Regional Disparity in China: A Chronological Overview

Abstract

Widening regional disparity has accompanied China’s tremendous leap in economic development during recent decades. From the outset of reforms through today, the eastern region has emerged, by far, as the economically most dynamic part of the country, whereas the western, central, and northeast regions have relatively lagged behind. This paper reviews the broad contours of regional disparity in the reform China. The paper first focuses on the period from 1978 to the mid-2000s, during which regional disparity substantially widened, and discusses the drivers of regional disparity during that period. The second section surveys the narrowing of regional disparity since the mid-2000s amid the central government’s turn to balanced regional development and broader macroeconomic trends. The final section examines the implications of Beijing’s recent policies of financial de-risking and curbing overcapacity for the regional disparity.

Keywords

China, Regional Disparity, Economic Development, Reform Era

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