Yabancılaşmanın Yeniden Ele Alınması: Bilişsel Çarpıtmalar ile Otantik Varoluş Arasında Salınımlar

Abstract

Bu çalışmada önce yabancılaşma ve onun karşıtı olarak otantik var olma kavramları tanımlanmaya ve açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu iki kavramın ele alınmasının arka planında ise bu kavramlar yoluyla özellikle yabancılaşma kavramıyla kitlesel zihniyet çarpıtmalarını önceden kestirmenin önemine dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Diğer bir neden de yabancılaşma konusunda yapılacak ampirik çalışmalara kuramsal bir arka plan hazırlamaktır. Bu çalışma, ilgili psikolojik, sosyolojik ve felsefi literatürün eleştirel biçimde incelenmesine dayanan kuramsal, kavramsal ve bütünleştirici bir derlemedir. Makale, kitlesel düzeyde ortaya çıkan zihniyet bozulmalarının toplumsal kırılganlıklar ve yıkıcı sonuçlar üretme potansiyelinden hareketle, yabancılaşma olgusunun yeniden ve bütüncül biçimde ele alınması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Temel iddia, toplumsal çözülmelerin yalnızca ekonomik ya da siyasal değişkenlerle açıklanamayacağı; eleştirel bilinç kaybı, yanlış bilinçlilik, ahlakî mesafenin artışı ve bilişsel çarpıtmalar gibi psikososyal süreçlerin bu dönüşümlerde belirleyici rol oynadığıdır. Modern toplumlarda yabancılaşmanın baskı, zorlama veya engellemelerle birlikte yanlış bilinçlilik, bilişsel yanılsamalar, ideolojik kaçışlar ve otantik varoluştan uzaklaşma süreçleri aracılığıyla çoğu zaman fark edilmeksizin içselleştirildiğine dikkat çekilmektedir. Bu nedenle kitlesel zihniyet kaymalarının erken evrede kavranması hem bireysel hem kamusal selamet için önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada yabancılaşma, bireyin kendisiyle, toplumsal ilişkileriyle, kültürel anlam dünyasıyla, emek ve üretim süreçleriyle ve doğa ile kurduğu ilişkinin bütünlüğünü (failiyet kaybı, kendine mal edememe ve anlamlandıramama üzerinden) kaybetmesi olarak kavramsallaştırılmaktadır. Bu süreç açık bir kopuş olduğu kadar kimi zaman aşırı uyum, sorgulanmamış normatif bağlılık ve hazır ideolojik çerçevelere yönelim şeklinde de gerçekleşebilir. İdeolojik kaçış, mitik ve büyüsel düşünme, sosyal maskeler, savunma mekanizmaları, kendini aldatma ve bilişsel çarpıtmalar gibi psikolojik-bilişsel aracılar, yabancılaşmanın hem bireysel hem de kolektif düzeyde üretilmesini ve sürdürülmesini açıklayan temel mekanizmalar olarak öne çıkar. Sonuç olarak çalışma, yabancılaşmayı teşhis etmeyi toplumsal geleceğe yönelik bir bilinç uyanışı çağrısı olarak değerlendirmektedir.

Keywords

• Yabancılaşma
• Yanlış Bilinç
• Kültür
• Otantiklik
• Bilişsel Çarpıtmalar

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

Proje destekli bir çalışma dağildir

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma kuramsal derleme bir çalışma olduğundan her hangi bir etik izin alınması gerekmemektedir.

Thanks

Yok

Alienation Revisited: Oscillations between Mental Distortions and Authentic Existence

Abstract

This study first seeks to define and elaborate the concepts of alienation and its counterpart, authentic existence. The rationale for addressing these two concepts together lies primarily in highlighting the importance of anticipating social cognitive distortions—particularly through the lens of alienation. Another aim is to provide a theoretical framework for future empirical studies on alienation. This study is a theoretical, conceptual, and integrative review based on a critical examination of the relevant psychological, sociological, and philosophical literature. Drawing on the potential of large-scale social cognitive distortions to generate social vulnerabilities and destructive outcomes, the study argues that the phenomenon of alienation must be reconsidered in a comprehensive and holistic manner. Its central claim is that social disintegration cannot be explained solely by economic or political variables; rather, psychosocial processes such as the loss of critical consciousness, false consciousness, increasing moral distance, and cognitive distortions play a decisive role in these transformations. In modern societies, alienation is often internalised in subtle ways, not only through oppression, coercion, or constraints, but also through false consciousness, cognitive illusions, ideological escapism, and processes of distancing from authentic existence. For this reason, recognising shifts in mass mentality at an early stage is crucial for both individual and public well-being. In this study, alienation is conceptualised as the decrease in the integrity of the individual’s relationship with the self, social relations, the cultural sphere of meaning, processes of labour and production, and nature—manifested through a loss of agency, an inability to appropriate one’s own existence, and a failure to ascribe meaning. This process may occur not only as an explicit rupture, but also in forms such as excessive conformity, unexamined normative commitments, and a tendency toward ready-made ideological frameworks. Psychological and cognitive mediators—such as ideological escape, mythical and magical thinking, social masks, defence mechanisms, self-deception, and cognitive distortions—emerge as key mechanisms that both produce and sustain alienation at individual and collective levels. In conclusion, the study frames the diagnosis of alienation as a call for a renewed awakening of consciousness regarding the future of society

Keywords

• Alienation
• false consciousness
• culture
• critical consciousness
• authentcity
• cognitive distortions

Supporting Institution

No institute supported the paper

Project Number

Proje destekli bir çalışma dağildir

Ethical Statement

It does not require any ethical decision

Thanks

Not valid

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