Yalnızlık ve Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisinde Pozitif ve Negatif Duyguların Aracı Rolü
Year 2020,
Issue: 50, 125 - 140, 30.12.2020
Orkide Bakalım
,
Mine Muyan
Abstract
Üniversite yılları bireylerin yakın ve samimi ilişkiler kurmaya en fazla ihtiyaç duyduğu dönemdir. Bu dönemde yakın ilişkilerin nicelik ya da nitelik açısından istenilenden daha az olması başta yalnızlık olmak üzere suçluluk, üzüntü, öfke, kaygı gibi hoşa gitmeyen duyguların daha sık deneyimlenmesine yol açabilir. Yalnızlığa eşlik eden bu duygular bireylerin yaşam doyumunu da olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir. Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinde yalnızlık ve yaşam doyumu ilişkisinde pozitif ve negatif duyguların aracı rolünü inceleyen model test edilmiştir. Çalışmaya bir devlet üniversitesinde eğitimine devam eden 179 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Veri toplama amacıyla kişisel bilgi formu, UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği, Pozitif ve Negatif Duygular Ölçeği ile Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Analizler, yüksek yalnızlık seviyelerine sahip olduklarını ifade eden üniversite öğrencilerinin daha düşük pozitif duygu deneyimledikleri, bunun sonucunda yaşam doyumlarının daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Ek olarak, yüksek yalnızlık seviyelerine sahip olduklarını ifade eden üniversite öğrencilerinin daha fazla negatif duygu deneyimledikleri fakat negatif duyguların yalnızlık ve yaşam doyumu arasında anlamlı bir aracı olmadığı bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları ilgili alanyazın dikkate alınarak tartışılmıştır.
References
- Aanes, M. M., Mittelmark, M. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). The experience of loneliness: Main and
interactive effects of interpersonal stress, social support and positive affect. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 11(4), 25-33. doi:10.1080/14623730.2009.972179
- Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through
the twenties. American Psychologist. 55(5),469-480. doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469.
- Arnett, J. J. (2007) Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? Child Development
Perspectives, 1(2), 68-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x
- Arthaud-Day, M. L., Rode, J. C., Mooney, C. H., & Near, J. P. (2005). The subjective well-being
construct: A test of its convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. Social Indicators Research, 74(3), 445-476.
- Bozorgpour, F., & Salimi, A. (2012). State self-esteem, loneliness and life satisfaction. Procedia-
Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 2004-2008.
- Brennan, T. (1982). Loneliness at adolescence. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness:
A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 269-290). New York: Wiley.
- Buelga, S., Musitu, G., Murgui, S., & Pons, J. (2008). Reputation, loneliness, satisfaction with life and aggressive behavior in adolescence. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11(1), 192-200.
- Bugay, A. (2007, September). Loneliness and life satisfaction of Turkish university students. Paper presented at the Education in a Changing Environment Conference. http://www.ece.salford.ac.uk/proceedings/papers/38_07.pdf
- Buluş, M. (1997). Üniversite öğrencilerinde yalnızlık. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi
Dergisi, 3(3), 82-90.
- Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S. (2018). The growing problem of loneliness. The Lancet, 391(10119), 426. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30142-9
- Cacioppo, S., Grippo, A. J., London, S., Goossens, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2015). Loneliness: Clinical import and interventions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 238-249.
- Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004). The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(3), 245-265.
- Çivitçi, N., & Çivitçi, A. (2009). Self-esteem as mediator and moderator of the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 954-958.
- Demir, A. (1989). UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. [The validity and reliability of UCLA Loneliness Scale]. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 7(23), 14-18.
- Deniz, M. E., Arslan, C., Özyeşil, Z., & İzmirli, M. (2012). Öz-anlayış, yaşam doyumu, negatif ve pozitif duygu: Türk ve diğer ülke üniversite öğrencileri arasında bir karşılaştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(23), 428-446.
Deniz, M., Hamarta, E., & Arı, R. (2005). An investigation of social skills and loneliness levels of university students with respect to their attachment styles in a sample of Turkish students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 33(1), 19-32.
- Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653-663.
- Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
- Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 25-41.
- Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647-654.
- Gençöz, T. (2000). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: A study of validity and reliability. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19-28.
- Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218-227.
- Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review.
Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6), 695-718.
- Horowitz, L., French, R., & Anderson, C. (1982). The prototype of a lonely person. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
- IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM
Corp.
- İlhan, T. (2012). Loneliness among university students: predictive power of sex roles and attachment styles on loneliness. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12(4), 2387-2396.
- Jones, W. H., & Moore, T. L. (1987). Loneliness and social support. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2(2), 145-156.
- Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Kapıkıran, Ş. (2013). Loneliness and life satisfaction in Turkish early adolescents: The mediating role of self esteem and social support. Social Indicators Research, 111(2), 617-632.
- Kuyumcu, B. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin pozitif ve negatif duygu durumlarının psikolojik iyi oluşlarını yordama gücü. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 6(1), 62-76.
- Lambert, N. M., Graham, S. M., Fincham, F. D., & Stillman, T. F. (2009). A changed perspective: How gratitude can affect sense of coherence through positive reframing. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 461-470. doi:10.1080/17439760903157182
- Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 616-628.
- Masi, C. M., Chen, H. Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 219-266.
- Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth, L., Hayashi, Y., & Cummins, R. (2008). Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(3), 213-218. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.03.020.
- Ozben, S. (2013). Social skills, life satisfaction, and loneliness in Turkish university students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(2), 203-214. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2013.41.2.203
- Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Personal Relationships, 3, 31-56.
- Ponzetti, Jr. J. J. (1990). Loneliness among college students. Family Relations, 39, 336-340.
- Roisman, G. I. Masten, A. S., Coatsworth. D, J., & Tellegen, A. (2004). Salient and emerging developmental tasks in the transition to adulthood. Child Development 75(1), 123-33 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00658.x
- Rubenstein, C., & Shaver, P. (1982). In search of intimacy: Surprising conclusions from a nationwide survey on loneliness & what to do about it. New York: Delacorte Press.
- Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, M. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480.
- Salimi, A. (2011). Social-emotional loneliness and life satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 292-295. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.241.
- Sawir, E., Marginson, S., Deumert, A., Nyland, C., & Ramia, G. (2007). Loneliness and international students: An Australian study. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(2), 148-180.
- Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology,65(5), 467-487.
- Singh, K., & Jha, S. D. (2008). Positive and negative affect, and grit as predictors of happiness and life satisfaction. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34(2), 40-45.
- Sternberg, R. J. & Williams, W. M. (2002). Educational Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
- Terzi, Ş. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ve algıladıkları sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 1-11.
- Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
- Watson, J., & Nesdale, D. (2012). Rejection sensitivity, social withdrawal, and loneliness in young adults. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(8), 1984-2005.
- Yetim, Ü. (1991). Kişisel projelerin organizasyonu ve örüntüsü açısından yaşam doyumu (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye.
- Yıldız, M. A. (2017). Multiple mediation of self-esteem and perceived social support in the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(3), 130-139.
- Yılmaz, E., Yılmaz, E., & Karaca, F. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal destek ve yalnızlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Genel Tip Dergisi, 18(2), 71-79.
- Zubaroğlu-Yanardağ, M. (2018). Üniversitelerin psikolojik danışma birimlerinde sosyal hizmet uzmanından hizmet alan öğrencilerin pozitif negatif duygu düzeyleri üzerine bir inceleme. Journal of Society & Social Work, 29(1), 114-131.
Year 2020,
Issue: 50, 125 - 140, 30.12.2020
Orkide Bakalım
,
Mine Muyan
References
- Aanes, M. M., Mittelmark, M. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). The experience of loneliness: Main and
interactive effects of interpersonal stress, social support and positive affect. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 11(4), 25-33. doi:10.1080/14623730.2009.972179
- Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through
the twenties. American Psychologist. 55(5),469-480. doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469.
- Arnett, J. J. (2007) Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? Child Development
Perspectives, 1(2), 68-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x
- Arthaud-Day, M. L., Rode, J. C., Mooney, C. H., & Near, J. P. (2005). The subjective well-being
construct: A test of its convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. Social Indicators Research, 74(3), 445-476.
- Bozorgpour, F., & Salimi, A. (2012). State self-esteem, loneliness and life satisfaction. Procedia-
Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 2004-2008.
- Brennan, T. (1982). Loneliness at adolescence. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness:
A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 269-290). New York: Wiley.
- Buelga, S., Musitu, G., Murgui, S., & Pons, J. (2008). Reputation, loneliness, satisfaction with life and aggressive behavior in adolescence. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11(1), 192-200.
- Bugay, A. (2007, September). Loneliness and life satisfaction of Turkish university students. Paper presented at the Education in a Changing Environment Conference. http://www.ece.salford.ac.uk/proceedings/papers/38_07.pdf
- Buluş, M. (1997). Üniversite öğrencilerinde yalnızlık. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi
Dergisi, 3(3), 82-90.
- Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S. (2018). The growing problem of loneliness. The Lancet, 391(10119), 426. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30142-9
- Cacioppo, S., Grippo, A. J., London, S., Goossens, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2015). Loneliness: Clinical import and interventions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 238-249.
- Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004). The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(3), 245-265.
- Çivitçi, N., & Çivitçi, A. (2009). Self-esteem as mediator and moderator of the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 954-958.
- Demir, A. (1989). UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. [The validity and reliability of UCLA Loneliness Scale]. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 7(23), 14-18.
- Deniz, M. E., Arslan, C., Özyeşil, Z., & İzmirli, M. (2012). Öz-anlayış, yaşam doyumu, negatif ve pozitif duygu: Türk ve diğer ülke üniversite öğrencileri arasında bir karşılaştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(23), 428-446.
Deniz, M., Hamarta, E., & Arı, R. (2005). An investigation of social skills and loneliness levels of university students with respect to their attachment styles in a sample of Turkish students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 33(1), 19-32.
- Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653-663.
- Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
- Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 25-41.
- Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647-654.
- Gençöz, T. (2000). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: A study of validity and reliability. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19-28.
- Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218-227.
- Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review.
Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6), 695-718.
- Horowitz, L., French, R., & Anderson, C. (1982). The prototype of a lonely person. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
- IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM
Corp.
- İlhan, T. (2012). Loneliness among university students: predictive power of sex roles and attachment styles on loneliness. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12(4), 2387-2396.
- Jones, W. H., & Moore, T. L. (1987). Loneliness and social support. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2(2), 145-156.
- Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Kapıkıran, Ş. (2013). Loneliness and life satisfaction in Turkish early adolescents: The mediating role of self esteem and social support. Social Indicators Research, 111(2), 617-632.
- Kuyumcu, B. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin pozitif ve negatif duygu durumlarının psikolojik iyi oluşlarını yordama gücü. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 6(1), 62-76.
- Lambert, N. M., Graham, S. M., Fincham, F. D., & Stillman, T. F. (2009). A changed perspective: How gratitude can affect sense of coherence through positive reframing. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 461-470. doi:10.1080/17439760903157182
- Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 616-628.
- Masi, C. M., Chen, H. Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 219-266.
- Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth, L., Hayashi, Y., & Cummins, R. (2008). Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(3), 213-218. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.03.020.
- Ozben, S. (2013). Social skills, life satisfaction, and loneliness in Turkish university students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(2), 203-214. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2013.41.2.203
- Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Personal Relationships, 3, 31-56.
- Ponzetti, Jr. J. J. (1990). Loneliness among college students. Family Relations, 39, 336-340.
- Roisman, G. I. Masten, A. S., Coatsworth. D, J., & Tellegen, A. (2004). Salient and emerging developmental tasks in the transition to adulthood. Child Development 75(1), 123-33 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00658.x
- Rubenstein, C., & Shaver, P. (1982). In search of intimacy: Surprising conclusions from a nationwide survey on loneliness & what to do about it. New York: Delacorte Press.
- Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, M. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480.
- Salimi, A. (2011). Social-emotional loneliness and life satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 292-295. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.241.
- Sawir, E., Marginson, S., Deumert, A., Nyland, C., & Ramia, G. (2007). Loneliness and international students: An Australian study. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(2), 148-180.
- Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology,65(5), 467-487.
- Singh, K., & Jha, S. D. (2008). Positive and negative affect, and grit as predictors of happiness and life satisfaction. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34(2), 40-45.
- Sternberg, R. J. & Williams, W. M. (2002). Educational Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
- Terzi, Ş. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ve algıladıkları sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 1-11.
- Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
- Watson, J., & Nesdale, D. (2012). Rejection sensitivity, social withdrawal, and loneliness in young adults. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(8), 1984-2005.
- Yetim, Ü. (1991). Kişisel projelerin organizasyonu ve örüntüsü açısından yaşam doyumu (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye.
- Yıldız, M. A. (2017). Multiple mediation of self-esteem and perceived social support in the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(3), 130-139.
- Yılmaz, E., Yılmaz, E., & Karaca, F. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal destek ve yalnızlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Genel Tip Dergisi, 18(2), 71-79.
- Zubaroğlu-Yanardağ, M. (2018). Üniversitelerin psikolojik danışma birimlerinde sosyal hizmet uzmanından hizmet alan öğrencilerin pozitif negatif duygu düzeyleri üzerine bir inceleme. Journal of Society & Social Work, 29(1), 114-131.