Kültürel Çeşitlilik Gösteren Öğrencilerin Matematik Öğrenme Fırsatları: Sınıf ve Ortaokul Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Bakış Açıları ve Pedagojik Stratejileri
Year 2022,
Issue: 53, 390 - 408, 30.06.2022
Ayşe Yolcu
,
Muhammed Fatih Doğan
Abstract
Artan göç dalgalarıyla birlikte Türkiye’deki okulların kültürel ve etnik yapısı gün geçtikçe daha çeşitli hale gelmiş ve adil matematik öğrenme fırsatlarına odaklanma gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf öğretmenlerinin ve ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin kültürel çeşitlilik gösteren öğrencilerin matematik öğrenme fırsatlarına yönelik bakış açılarını araştırmak ve matematiği erişilebilir kılmak için belirledikleri pedagojik stratejileri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu doğrultuda nitel bir anket formu hazırlanarak 83 öğretmene ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin sonucunda, çalışmaya katılan öğretmenler kültürel çeşitlilik gösteren öğrencilerin matematik derslerine katılımının daha az ve matematik öğretirken en zorlanılan konunun ise dil farklılıkları ve sınıf içi iletişim problemi olduğunu ifade ederken farklı kültürlere sahip öğrencilerinden temel matematik bilgi ve becerileri öğrenmesini beklemektedirler. Kültürel olarak çeşitli olan sınıflarda matematiğe adil erişim için kullanılan pedagojik stratejiler arasında temel olarak görsel materyal ve resimlerin kullanma, seviyelerine göre farklılaştırma ve günlük yaşantılarından örnekler verme sayılabilir. Ancak katılımcıların dörtte biri matematik öğrenmek için Türkçe dilinin öğrenilmesi gerektiğini savunmuşlardır. Bulgular ışığında, kültürel ve dilsel olarak duyarlı matematik pedagojilerinin çok kültürlü sınıflarda görev yapan öğretmenler ile mesleki gelişim projeleriyle paylaşılması ve uygulamaya koyulması önerilebilir. Ayrıca matematik öğrenme fırsatlarını derinlemesine inceleyen nitel çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
References
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- Aguirre, J. M., Turner, E. E., Bartell, T. G., Kalinec-Craig, C., Foote, M. Q., Roth McDuffie, A., ve Drake, C. (2013). Making connections in practice: Developing prospective teachers’ capacities to connect children’s mathematical thinking and community funds of knowledge in mathematics instruction. Journal of Teacher Education, 64(2), 178-192
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- Berry III, R. Q., Ellis, M., ve Hughes, S. (2014). Examining a history of failed reforms and recent stories of success: Mathematics education and Black learners of mathematics in the United States. Race Ethnicity and Education, 17(4), 540-568.
- Braun, V., Clarke, V., Boulton, E., Davey, L. ve McEvoy, C. (2021). The online survey as a qualitative research tool, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 24(6), 641-654
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- Ergün, M. ve Arık, B. M. (2020). Eğitim izleme raporu 2020: Öğrenciler ve eğitime erişim. Eğitim Reformu Girişimi. https://www.egitimreformugirisimi.org/egitim-izleme-raporu-2020-ogrenciler-ve-egitime-erisim/ adresinden erisilmistir.
- Esmonde, I. (2009). Ideas and identities: Supporting equity in cooperative mathematics learning. Review of Educational Research, 79(2), 1008-1043.
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- Garii, B, ve Rule, A.C. (2009). Integrating social justice with mathematics and science: An analysis of student teacher lessons. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25, 490-499
- Gates, P. (2014). Equity and access in mathematics education. S. Lerman (Ed.) Encyclopedia of mathematics education içinde (s. 217-221). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Gutiérrez, R. (2002). Enabling the practice of mathematics teachers in context: Towards a new equity research agenda. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 4(2-3), 145-¬187.
- Gutiérrez, R. (2008). A “gap-gazing” fetish in mathematics education? Problematizing research on the achievement gap. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. 39(4), 357–364.
- Gutiérrez, R. (2012). Context matters: How should we conceptualize equity in mathematics education?. B. Herbel-Eisenmann, J. Choppin, D. Wagner ve D. Pimm (Ed.) içinde Equity in discourse for mathematics education (s. 17-33). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
- Harper, F. K., Drake, C, Bartell, T. G., ve Najarro, E. (2018). “How I want to teach the lesson”: Framing children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases in the analysis and adaptation of existing curriculum materials. T. G. Bartell (Ed.) icinde, Toward equity and social justice in mathematics education (s. 241-262). Cham: Springer.
- Horn, I. S. (2007). Fast kids, slow kids, lazy kids: Framing the mismatch problem in mathematics teachers' conversations. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 16(1), 37-79.
- Karacabey, M. F., Ozdere, M., ve Bozkus, K. (2019). The attitudes of teachers towards multicultural education. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 383-393.
- Karsli-Calamak, E., Olkun, S., ve Sözen-Özdoğan, S. (2022). Çokkültürlü sınıflarda matematik eğitimi: öğretmen uygulamaları üzerine bir inceleme. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 12(1), 123-155. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.926493
- Karsli-Calamak, E., Tuna, M. E., ve Allexsaht-Snider, M. (2020) Transformation of teachers’ understandings of refugee families’ engagement: Multilingual family mathematics spaces, International Journal of Early Years Education, 28(2), 189-205.
- Karsli-Calamak, E., ve Kilinc, S. (2021). Becoming the teacher of a refugee child: Teachers’ evolving experiences in Turkey. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 25(2), 259-282.
- KONDA. (2022). Türkiye 100 kişi olsaydı? https://interaktif.konda.com.tr/turkiye-100-kisi-olsaydi adresinden erisilmistir.
- Ladson-Billings, G. (1997). It doesn’t add up: African American students’ mathematics achievement. Journal for Research in Mathematics Achievement, 28 (6), 697-708
- Land, T. J., Bartell, T. G., Drake, C., Foote, M. Q., Roth McDuffie, A., Turner, E. E., ve Aguirre, J. M. (2019). Curriculum spaces for connecting to children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 51(4), 471-493.
- Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (3. baski). San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2018). Matematik dersi öğretim programı. Ankara, Türkiye: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2020). Mülteci çocuklarin eğitime kazandirilmasi için destek programi. http://www.meb.gov.tr/multeci-cocuklarin-egitime-kazandirilmasi-icin-destek-programi/haber/20068/tr adresinden erisilmistir.
- Moschkovich, J. (2002). A situated and sociocultural perspective on bilingual mathematics learners. Mathematical thinking and learning, 4(2-3), 189-212.
- National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
- National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2014). Principles to action: Ensuring mathematical success for all. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
- Nuñes, T., Schliemann, A., ve Carraher, D. (1993). Street mathematics and school mathematics. NY, New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2013), ‘PISA 2012 assessment and analytical framework: Mathematics, reading, science, problem solving and financial literacy’, OECD Publishing, 11 February. DOI: doi.org/10.1787/9789264190511-en
- Öğretmen Yetiştirme ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü. (2017). Öğretmen strateji belgesi. Ankara, Türkiye: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı
- Öztürk, M., Tepetaş Cengiz, G. Ş., Köksal H. ve Irez S. (2017). Sınıfında yabancı uyruklu öğrenci bulunduran öğretmenler için el kitabı., Ankara: MEB.
- Presmeg, N. C. (1998). Ethnomathematics in teacher education. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 1(3), 317-339.
- Rengi Ö., ve Polat, S. (2014). Sinif öğretmenlerinin kültürel farklilik algilari ve kültürlerarasi duyarliliklari. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken, 6(3), 135-156
- Secada, W. G. (1989). Educational equity versus equality of education: An alternative conception. W. G. Secada (Ed.) içinde, Equity in education (s. 68-88). New York, NY: Falmer.
- Terry, G., ve Braun, V. (2017). Short but often sweet: The surprising potential of qualitative survey methods. V. Braun, V. Clarke, ve D. Gray (Ed.) içinde, Collecting qualitative data: A practical guide to textual, media and virtual techniques (s. 15–44). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Tonbuloğlu, B., Aslan, D., ve Aydin, H. (2016). Teachers’ awareness of multicultural education and diversity in school settings. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 64, 1-28.
- UNICEF (2021). UNICEF Turkey Humanitarian Situation Report No. 41. https://www.unicef.org/media/102351/file/Turkey%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20No.%2041%20(Syria%20Refugees)%201%20Jan%20-%2031%20Mar%202021.pdf adresinden erisildi.
- Uyar, Y. (2016). Are we ready to accommodate cultural diversity in our language classes?, Journal of Education and Practice, 7(12), 184-193.
- Wager, A.A. ve Whyte, K. (2013). Young children’s mathematics: Whose home practices are privileged? Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 6(1). 81-95
- Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (10. Baski). Ankara: Seckin Yayincilik.
- Yılmaz, Z., Dede, H. G., Sears, R., ve Nielsen, S. Y. (2021). Are we all in this together?: mathematics teachers’ perspectives on equity in remote instruction during pandemic. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 108, 307-331.
- Yolcu, A. (2019). Research on equitable mathematics teacher practices: Insights into its divergences and convergences. Review of Education, 7(3), 701-730
- Yolcu, A. (2020). Kültürel olarak duyarlı matematik etkinlikleri. Y. Dede, M. F. Dogan, ve F. Aslan Tutak (Ed.) içinde Matematik eğitiminde etkinlikler ve uygulamaları (s. 467-487). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Yolcu, A. (2021). Fluid identities for equitable mathematics teaching: narrative analysis of prospective teachers’ foregrounds’, Teachers and Teaching, 27 (1–4), 82–94.
- Yolcu, A. (baskıda). Being prepared for diverse classrooms: boundaries of professional devices and the dangers of inclusive teaching. M. Proyer, S. Krause and G. Kremsner (Ed.) içinde, The making of teachers in the age of migration. Bloomsbury Publications.
Year 2022,
Issue: 53, 390 - 408, 30.06.2022
Ayşe Yolcu
,
Muhammed Fatih Doğan
References
- Abdulrahim, N. A., ve Orosco, M. (2020). Culturally responsive mathematics teaching: a research synthesis. The Urban Review, 52, 1–25.
- Aguirre, J. M., Turner, E. E., Bartell, T. G., Kalinec-Craig, C., Foote, M. Q., Roth McDuffie, A., ve Drake, C. (2013). Making connections in practice: Developing prospective teachers’ capacities to connect children’s mathematical thinking and community funds of knowledge in mathematics instruction. Journal of Teacher Education, 64(2), 178-192
- Akman, Y. (2020). Öğretmenlerin mülteci öğrencilere yönelik tutumları ile çokkültürlü eğitim algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 49, 247-262.
- Anthony, G., ve Walshaw, M. (2009). Mathematics education in the early years: Building bridges. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 10(2), 107-121.
- Aydin, H., ve Kaya, Y. (2019). Education for Syrian refugees: The new global issue facing teachers and principals in Turkey. Educational Studies, 55(1), 46-71.
- Bartell, T. G., Wager, A., Edwards, A., Battey, D., Foote, M., ve Spencer, J. (2017). Toward a framework for research linking equitable teaching with the standards for mathematical practice. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 48(1), 7-21.
- Baysu, G., ve Ağırdağ, O. (2019). Turkey: Silencing ethnic inequalities under a carpet of nationalism shifting between secular and religious poles. P. Stevens ve A. Dworkin (Ed.) içinde, The Palgrave handbook of race and ethnic inequalities in education (s. 1073–1096). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Berry III, R. Q., Ellis, M., ve Hughes, S. (2014). Examining a history of failed reforms and recent stories of success: Mathematics education and Black learners of mathematics in the United States. Race Ethnicity and Education, 17(4), 540-568.
- Braun, V., Clarke, V., Boulton, E., Davey, L. ve McEvoy, C. (2021). The online survey as a qualitative research tool, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 24(6), 641-654
- Civil, M. (2002). Everyday mathematics, mathematicians' mathematics, and school mathematics: Can we bring them together?. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education Monograph, 11, 40-62.
- Civil, M. (2014). Immigrant students in mathematics education. S. Lerman (Ed.) içinde Encyclopedia of mathematics education (s. 277-282). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Celedón-Pattichis, S., Borden, L. L., Pape, S. J., Clements, D. H., Peters, S. A., Males, J. R., Chapman, O. ve Leonard, J. (2018). Asset-based approaches to equitable mathematics education research and practice. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 49(4), 373-389.
- Corbin, J., ve Strauss, A. L. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3. baski). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (3. baski). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
- de Abreu, G. (2014). Cultural diversity in mathematics education. S. Lerman (Ed.) Encyclopedia of mathematics education içinde (s. 125-129). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Diversity in Mathematics Education (DiME) Center for Learning and Teaching. (2007). Culture, race, power and mathematics education. F. K. Lester (Ed.) içinde, Second handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (s. 405–433). Charlotte, NC: Information Age
- Doğan, O., ve Haser, Ç. (2014). Neoliberal and nationalist discourses in Turkish elementary mathematics education. ZDM Mathematics Education, 46(7), 1013-1023.
- Ergün, M. ve Arık, B. M. (2020). Eğitim izleme raporu 2020: Öğrenciler ve eğitime erişim. Eğitim Reformu Girişimi. https://www.egitimreformugirisimi.org/egitim-izleme-raporu-2020-ogrenciler-ve-egitime-erisim/ adresinden erisilmistir.
- Esmonde, I. (2009). Ideas and identities: Supporting equity in cooperative mathematics learning. Review of Educational Research, 79(2), 1008-1043.
- Forghani-Arani, N., L. Cerna and M. Bannon (2019), ‘The lives of teachers in diverse classrooms’, OECD Education Working Papers, No. 198, Paris: OECD Publishing.
- Foote, M. Q., Roth McDuffie, A., Turner, E. E., Aguirre, J. M., Bartell, T. G., ve Drake, C. (2013). Orientations of prospective teachers towards students’ families and communities. Teaching and Teacher Education, 35, 126–136.
- Garii, B, ve Rule, A.C. (2009). Integrating social justice with mathematics and science: An analysis of student teacher lessons. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25, 490-499
- Gates, P. (2014). Equity and access in mathematics education. S. Lerman (Ed.) Encyclopedia of mathematics education içinde (s. 217-221). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Gutiérrez, R. (2002). Enabling the practice of mathematics teachers in context: Towards a new equity research agenda. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 4(2-3), 145-¬187.
- Gutiérrez, R. (2008). A “gap-gazing” fetish in mathematics education? Problematizing research on the achievement gap. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. 39(4), 357–364.
- Gutiérrez, R. (2012). Context matters: How should we conceptualize equity in mathematics education?. B. Herbel-Eisenmann, J. Choppin, D. Wagner ve D. Pimm (Ed.) içinde Equity in discourse for mathematics education (s. 17-33). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
- Harper, F. K., Drake, C, Bartell, T. G., ve Najarro, E. (2018). “How I want to teach the lesson”: Framing children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases in the analysis and adaptation of existing curriculum materials. T. G. Bartell (Ed.) icinde, Toward equity and social justice in mathematics education (s. 241-262). Cham: Springer.
- Horn, I. S. (2007). Fast kids, slow kids, lazy kids: Framing the mismatch problem in mathematics teachers' conversations. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 16(1), 37-79.
- Karacabey, M. F., Ozdere, M., ve Bozkus, K. (2019). The attitudes of teachers towards multicultural education. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 383-393.
- Karsli-Calamak, E., Olkun, S., ve Sözen-Özdoğan, S. (2022). Çokkültürlü sınıflarda matematik eğitimi: öğretmen uygulamaları üzerine bir inceleme. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 12(1), 123-155. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.926493
- Karsli-Calamak, E., Tuna, M. E., ve Allexsaht-Snider, M. (2020) Transformation of teachers’ understandings of refugee families’ engagement: Multilingual family mathematics spaces, International Journal of Early Years Education, 28(2), 189-205.
- Karsli-Calamak, E., ve Kilinc, S. (2021). Becoming the teacher of a refugee child: Teachers’ evolving experiences in Turkey. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 25(2), 259-282.
- KONDA. (2022). Türkiye 100 kişi olsaydı? https://interaktif.konda.com.tr/turkiye-100-kisi-olsaydi adresinden erisilmistir.
- Ladson-Billings, G. (1997). It doesn’t add up: African American students’ mathematics achievement. Journal for Research in Mathematics Achievement, 28 (6), 697-708
- Land, T. J., Bartell, T. G., Drake, C., Foote, M. Q., Roth McDuffie, A., Turner, E. E., ve Aguirre, J. M. (2019). Curriculum spaces for connecting to children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 51(4), 471-493.
- Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (3. baski). San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2018). Matematik dersi öğretim programı. Ankara, Türkiye: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2020). Mülteci çocuklarin eğitime kazandirilmasi için destek programi. http://www.meb.gov.tr/multeci-cocuklarin-egitime-kazandirilmasi-icin-destek-programi/haber/20068/tr adresinden erisilmistir.
- Moschkovich, J. (2002). A situated and sociocultural perspective on bilingual mathematics learners. Mathematical thinking and learning, 4(2-3), 189-212.
- National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
- National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2014). Principles to action: Ensuring mathematical success for all. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
- Nuñes, T., Schliemann, A., ve Carraher, D. (1993). Street mathematics and school mathematics. NY, New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2013), ‘PISA 2012 assessment and analytical framework: Mathematics, reading, science, problem solving and financial literacy’, OECD Publishing, 11 February. DOI: doi.org/10.1787/9789264190511-en
- Öğretmen Yetiştirme ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü. (2017). Öğretmen strateji belgesi. Ankara, Türkiye: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı
- Öztürk, M., Tepetaş Cengiz, G. Ş., Köksal H. ve Irez S. (2017). Sınıfında yabancı uyruklu öğrenci bulunduran öğretmenler için el kitabı., Ankara: MEB.
- Presmeg, N. C. (1998). Ethnomathematics in teacher education. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 1(3), 317-339.
- Rengi Ö., ve Polat, S. (2014). Sinif öğretmenlerinin kültürel farklilik algilari ve kültürlerarasi duyarliliklari. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken, 6(3), 135-156
- Secada, W. G. (1989). Educational equity versus equality of education: An alternative conception. W. G. Secada (Ed.) içinde, Equity in education (s. 68-88). New York, NY: Falmer.
- Terry, G., ve Braun, V. (2017). Short but often sweet: The surprising potential of qualitative survey methods. V. Braun, V. Clarke, ve D. Gray (Ed.) içinde, Collecting qualitative data: A practical guide to textual, media and virtual techniques (s. 15–44). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Tonbuloğlu, B., Aslan, D., ve Aydin, H. (2016). Teachers’ awareness of multicultural education and diversity in school settings. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 64, 1-28.
- UNICEF (2021). UNICEF Turkey Humanitarian Situation Report No. 41. https://www.unicef.org/media/102351/file/Turkey%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20No.%2041%20(Syria%20Refugees)%201%20Jan%20-%2031%20Mar%202021.pdf adresinden erisildi.
- Uyar, Y. (2016). Are we ready to accommodate cultural diversity in our language classes?, Journal of Education and Practice, 7(12), 184-193.
- Wager, A.A. ve Whyte, K. (2013). Young children’s mathematics: Whose home practices are privileged? Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 6(1). 81-95
- Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (10. Baski). Ankara: Seckin Yayincilik.
- Yılmaz, Z., Dede, H. G., Sears, R., ve Nielsen, S. Y. (2021). Are we all in this together?: mathematics teachers’ perspectives on equity in remote instruction during pandemic. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 108, 307-331.
- Yolcu, A. (2019). Research on equitable mathematics teacher practices: Insights into its divergences and convergences. Review of Education, 7(3), 701-730
- Yolcu, A. (2020). Kültürel olarak duyarlı matematik etkinlikleri. Y. Dede, M. F. Dogan, ve F. Aslan Tutak (Ed.) içinde Matematik eğitiminde etkinlikler ve uygulamaları (s. 467-487). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Yolcu, A. (2021). Fluid identities for equitable mathematics teaching: narrative analysis of prospective teachers’ foregrounds’, Teachers and Teaching, 27 (1–4), 82–94.
- Yolcu, A. (baskıda). Being prepared for diverse classrooms: boundaries of professional devices and the dangers of inclusive teaching. M. Proyer, S. Krause and G. Kremsner (Ed.) içinde, The making of teachers in the age of migration. Bloomsbury Publications.