Sosyal Bilişsel Beceri Gözlem Formu: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2025, Issue: 63, 416 - 435, 27.03.2025

Işıl Betül Kolaşınlı , Esra Ömeroğlu

https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1519515

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının sosyal bilişsel becerilerini saptamak amacıyla gelişitirilmiş olan Sosyal Bilişsel Beceri Gözlem Formu'nun (SOBEG) geçerli ve güvenilir bir gözlem formu olup olmadığını belirlemeye yönelik araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırma yöntemi, var olan durumu ortaya koymaya yönelik olduğundan, nicel araştırma yaklaşımlarından betimsel araştırma olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, İstanbul'un Beşiktaş ve Şişli ilçelerindeki 60-72 aylık çocuklardan oluşan 315 kişilik bir örneklem kullanılmıştır. Tabakalı örneklem yöntemi orantılı ayırma tekniği kullanılarak her okulda çalışma örneklemi olarak alınacak olan çocuk sayısı belirlenmiştir. Veriler, iki gözlemci tarafından toplanmış ve gözlemciler arası uyum Kappa katsayısı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Veri analiz sürecinde, açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Faktör analizi sonuçları, SOBEG’in iki faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ölçeğin güvenirliği incelendiğinde, Cronbach Alfa katsayısı .89, McDonald Omega katsayısı .91 olarak bulunmuş ve iç tutarlılığın yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Sosyal Bilişsel Beceri Gözlem Formu’nun (SOBEG) okul öncesi dönemde çocukların sosyal bilişsel becerilerini değerlendirmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir gözlem formu olduğunu göstermektedir. Son haliyle SOBEG, 29 maddeden oluşan 5’li Likert tipi bir ölçek olarak yapılandırılmıştır.

Keywords

Okul öncesi eğitim, sosyal bilişsel beceri, sosyal bilgi işleme süreçleri, geçerlik, güvenirlik

Social Cognitive Skills Observation Form: Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

This research aimed to assess whether the Social Cognitive Skill Observation Form (SOBEG), designed to measure preschool children's social cognitive skills, is a valid and reliable observational tool. Since the research method aimed to describe the existing situation, it was designed as a descriptive study within the quantitative research approach. The study sample consisted of 315 children aged 60-72 months from the Beşiktaş and Şişli districts of Istanbul. The number of children to be included in the study sample from each school was determined using the stratified sampling method with a proportional allocation technique. Data were collected by two observers, and inter-observer agreement was assessed using the Kappa coefficient. During the data analysis phase, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Findings from the factor analysis revealed that SOBEG follows a two-factor structure. To assess the reliability of the scale, Cronbach's Alpha was calculated as .89, while McDonald's Omega was determined to be .91, indicating strong internal consistency. These results confirm that the Social Cognitive Skills Observation Form is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring social cognitive abilities in preschool children. The finalized version of SOBEG comprises 29 items, structured on a 5-point Likert scale.

Keywords

Preschool education, social cognitive skills, social information processing, validity, reliability

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