BİR AYRIMCILIK TEMELİ OLARAK VATANDAŞLIĞIN İNSAN HAKLARI HUKUKU BAKIMINDAN GÖRÜNÜMLERİ

Öz

Uluslararası hukuk bakımından özellikle ırk temelli ayrımcılığın önlenmesi açısından en önemli insan hakları belgelerinden birisi olan Her Türlü Irk Ayrımcılığının Ortadan Kaldırılmasına İlişkin Sözleşme (ICERD) ırk ayrımcılığını “siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel veya toplumsal yaşamın herhangi bir alanında, insan hakları ve temel özgürlüklerin tanınmasını, uygulanmasını, bu hak ve özgürlüklerden yararlanılmasını ortadan kaldırmak veya zayıflatmak amacına ya da etkisine yönelik ırk, renk, soy ya da ulusal veya etnik kökene dayalı her türlü ayrım, dışlama, kısıtlama ya da tercih” olarak belirtmiştir. Ancak bu genel tanım ele alındığında dahi çoğu uluslararası insan haklarına ilişkin belgede vatandaşlık kıstasına göre yapılan ayrımların bu kategoride değerlendirilemeyeceği belirtilmiş ve vatandaşlık “meşru” bir ayrımcılık ölçütü olarak yargı kararlarında ve iç hukuk mevzuatında kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda da bir ayrım kriteri olarak vatandaşlık kavramının uluslararası ve bölgesel insan hakları hukuku mekanizmaları bakımından niteliği incelenip bu ayrımın olası sınırları ve etkilerine yer verilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ayrımcılık
• Vatandaşlık
• Ulusal köken
• İnsan hakları
• Etnik köken

ASPECTS OF CITIZENSHIP AS A CRITERION OF DISCRIMINATION IN TERMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

Öz

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), one of the most important instruments in human rights in terms of international law, especially in terms of the prevention of racial discrimination specifically defines racial discrimination as "any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on race, color, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any field of political, economic, social, cultural, or community life." However, even when this general definition is considered, most international human rights instruments state that discrimination based on citizenship cannot be considered in this category and citizenship has been accepted as a "legitimate" criterion of discrimination in judicial decisions and domestic legislation. In this study, the nature of the concept of citizenship as a criterion of discrimination in terms of international and regional human rights law mechanisms will be analyzed and the possible limits and effects of this distinction will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Discrimination
• Citizenship
• National origin
• Human rights
• Ethnic origin

Kaynakça

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