DIPLOMATIC FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND TRAVEL GRANTED TO DIPLOMATIC AGENTS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 457 - 486, 26.12.2019

Anıl Çamyamaç

https://doi.org/10.33717/deuhfd.642016

Öz

Diplomatic privileges and immunities are indeed the necessities of

diplomatic life. Without them it would have been impossible for diplomatic

agents to fulfil their duties. In other words, these privileges and immunities

ensure the way of diplomatic life in a sense. Among these privileges and

immunities is the freedom of movement and travel. This freedom ensures free

movement and travel of foreign diplomat or members of a diplomatic mission

and their families in the state to which they are sent. In reality for a long time

there was no such regulation for freedom of movement and travel since no state,

except in exceptional cases or conditions, as it appears, had a mind to restrict

this kind of freedom. That is because the functions of diplomatic mission

necessitate this kind of freedom. Unfortunately with the commencement of the

Second World War, this situation had dramatically changed. After the war

particularly Communist States had restricted this right. Following the

Communist States’ practice the Western States put restrictions for the members

of the diplomatic missions of the Communist States to their freedom of

movement and travel in the name of reciprocity, as well. This situation

necessitated a provision for the freedom movement and travel. This kind of rule

first placed in the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations in article

26. Provisions alike were inserted in the following documents concerned. Thus,

the main purpose of this article is to analyze the freedom of movement and

travel in diplomatic relations.

DİPLOMATİK TEMSİLCİLER VE ONLARA TANINAN HAREKET VE SEYAHAT SERBESTİSİ

Öz

Diplomatik ayrıcalık ve bağışıklıklar diplomatik hayatın vazgeçilmez

unsurlarıdır. Onlar olmaksızın diplomatik ajanların görevlerini yerine getirmesi

mümkün olamayacaktır. Bir başka deyişle, bu ayrıcalık ve bağışıklıklar bir

anlamda diplomatik yaşam biçimini garanti etmektedir. Bu ayrıcalık ve bağışıklıklar

arasında hareket ve seyahat serbestisi de yer almaktadır. Bu serbesti

yabancı diplomat, diplomatik misyon üyeleri ve onların ailelerinin gönderilmiş

oldukları devlette serbestçe hareket ve seyahat etmelerini garanti altına almaktadır.

Gerçekte çok uzun bir süre, hiçbir devletin, istisnaî durum ve koşullar

haricinde, görüldüğü üzere, bu tür bir serbestiyi sınırlandırma düşüncesi olmadığından

dolayı hareket ve seyahat serbestisi için bu tür bir düzenlemeye gerek

duyulmamıştır. Bunun da nedeni, diplomatik misyonun işlevlerinin bu tür bir

serbestiyi zarurî kılmasında yatmaktaydı. Ne yazık ki, II. Dünya Savaşının başlamasıyla

birlikte, bu durum dramatik bir biçimde değişmiştir. Savaştan sonra,

özellikle komünist devletler bu serbestiyi sınırlandırmıştır. Komünist devletlerin

uygulamasını takip eden Batılı devletlerse, Komünist devletlerin diplomatik

misyon üyeleri için karşılıklılık gereği hareket ve seyahat serbestisine sınırlandırma

koymuştur. Bu durum hareket ve seyahat serbestisi için bir hükmü zarurî

kılmıştır. Bu tür düzenlemeye ilk önce 1961 tarihli Diplomatik İlişkilere Dair

Viyana Sözleşmesinde 26. madde olarak yer verilmiştir. Benzer hükümler ilgili

diğer sözleşmelerde de yer almıştır. Böylelikle, bu çalışmanın ana amacı, diplomatik

ilişkilerde hareket ve seyahat serbestisini irdelemek olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hareket ve Seyahat Serbestisi, Diplomatik Ajanlar, Diplomatik Ayrıcalık ve Bağışıklıklar, Ulusal Güvenlik, Güvenlik Bölgeleri, 1961 tarihli Diplomatik İlişkilere Dair Viyana Sözleşmesi

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