Reyhanlı’da (Hatay, Türkiye) Yeraltı Suyunun Çok Boyutlu Değerlendirmesi: Hidrojeokimya, Sulama Uygunluğu ve Sağlık Riski Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Yeraltı suyu kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde içme, sulama ve endüstriyel uygulamalar için değerli bir kaynaktır. Yeraltı suyu kalitesi, hem insan tüketimi hem de tarımsal sulama için izlenmesi gereken önemli bir konudur. Ancak, Türkiye'nin güneyinde yer alan Hatay ilinin Reyhanlı ilçesinde yeraltı suyu kalitesi, yeraltı suyunun sulama için uygunluğu ve insan sağlığı için risk değerlendirmesi yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, ilk kez Reyhanlı ilçesindeki yeraltı sularının kimyasal bileşimi, kimyasal bileşimini kontrol eden faktörler/mekanizmalar, sulama için uygunluğunun yanı sıra yeraltı suyundaki metal(oid)lerin yetişkinler ve çocuklar üzerindeki kanserojen olmayan sağlık riski belirlenmiştir. Yeraltı sularında pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), toplam çözünmüş katı madde (TDS) değerlerinin yanı sıra majör iyonlar, bor ve çeşitli metal(oid)lerin (As, Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, Zn) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Piper diyagramı, Gibbs diyagramı ve kloroalkali indeksleri sırasıyla yeraltı suyunun hidrokimyasal fasiyeslerini, yeraltı suyu kimyasını kontrol eden ana mekanizmaları ve iyon değişim sürecinin yönünü belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Yeraltı suyunun sulama için uygunluğu SAR, Na%, SSP, RSC, MH, PI, PS ve KR indisleri hesaplanarak araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, yeraltı suyunun sulama için uygunluğu Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Tuzluluk Laboratuvarı diyagramı ve Wilcox diyagramı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ağırlıklı aritmetik su kalitesi indeksine (WAWQI) göre, tüm yeraltı suları “mükemmel” olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Tüm yeraltı suyu örneklerindeki metal(oid)lerin seviyeleri WHO'nun içme suyu kılavuz değerleriyle uyumludur. Sağlık risk değerlendirmesinin sonuçları, hem yetişkinler hem de çocuklar için tehlike katsayılarının ve tehlike indeksinin 1’den düşük olduğunu göstermiştir; bu da yeraltı suyunun sağlık riski oluşturmadığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Yeraltı Suyu
• Sulama
• Içme Suyu
• Su Kalitesi Indeksi
• Tehlike Indeksi
• Sağlık Riski

Multidimensional Assessment of Groundwater in Reyhanlı (Hatay, Türkiye): Hydrogeochemistry, Irrigation Suitability and Health Risk Assessment

Abstract

Groundwater is a valuable resource for drinking, irrigation, and industrial applications in arid and semi-arid regions. Groundwater quality is an important issue that should be monitored for both human consumption and agricultural irrigation. However, groundwater quality, suitability of groundwater for irrigation, and its risk assessment for human health in the Reyhanlı district of Hatay province, located in southern Türkiye, have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, for the first time, the chemical composition of groundwater in the Reyhanlı district, the factors/mechanisms controlling its composition, its suitability for irrigation, as well as the non-carcinogenic health risks of metal(loid)s in the groundwater for adults and children were determined. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) values, as well as concentrations of major ions, boron, and various metal(loid)s (As, Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, Zn) in groundwater were determined. Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, and chloroalkaline indices were used to determine the hydrochemical facies of groundwater, the main mechanisms controlling groundwater chemistry, and the direction of the ion exchange process, respectively. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was investigated by calculating SAR, Na%, SSP, RSC, MH, PI, PS, and KR indices. In addition, the suitability of groundwater for irrigation was assessed using the United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram and the Wilcox diagram. According to the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), all groundwater was classified as “excellent”. The levels of metal(loid)s in all groundwater samples comply with the WHO guideline values for drinking water. The results of the health risk assessment have shown that the hazard quotients and hazard index are less than 1 for both adults and children, indicating that the groundwater does not pose a health risk.

Keywords

• Groundwater
• Irrigation
• Drinking Water
• Water Quality Index
• Hazard Index
• Health Risk

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