Terminal Manevra Sahasında Yatay Düzlemde Uçak Sıralaması için Gecikme Temelli Karar Destek Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Havalimanlarında artan trafik talebi, Terminal Manevra Sahası’nda (TMS) etkin sıralama ve kapasite kullanımını kritik hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma, TMS’de yatay düzlemde uçak sıralamasını ele alarak Toplama Noktası Sistemi temelinde gecikme odaklı bir karar destek yaklaşımı önermektedir. Önerilen yapı, TMS yol ağı yapısını ve operasyonel kısıtları esas alarak uçakların TMS’ye giriş anındaki durumunu değerlendirmekte, zaman çakışmalarını gecikme atamasıyla çözmekte ve son yaklaşma aşamasında düzenli bir trafik akışı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Geliştirilen uygulama; ısı haritaları, toplam uçuş süresi ve emisyon hesapları gibi işlevlerle planlama kontrolörüne operasyon öncesi uygulama içinde öngörü sunmakta, Kısıt Uyarlamalı Monte Carlo Simülasyonu aracılığıyla farklı trafik senaryolarının incelenmesine de imkân tanımakta ve ilgili literatüre farklı bir bakış açısı getirmektedir. Bu yönleriyle çalışma ve geliştirilen arayüz, TMS içindeki yatay sıralama probleminin çözümüne kapsamlı ve pratik bir katkı sunmaktadır. Üç farklı trafik yoğunluğu ile yapılan testlerde (toplam 30 test) algoritma problemleri çözmüş, orta ve yoğun trafiklerde limitlerin esnetilmesine ihtiyaç duymamıştır, ancak aşırı yoğun trafik akışında bazı uçaklar için kademeli esnetme uygulanmıştır. Her test setinin çözüm, görselleştirme ve raporlama işlemleri 30 saniye altında sezgisel algoritma tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Keywords

• Hava Trafik Yönetimi
• Uçak Sıralama
• Toplama Noktası Sistemi
• Karar Destek Sistemi
• Emisyon Analizi

A Delay-Based Decision Support Approach for Horizontal Aircraft Sequencing in the Terminal Maneuvering Area

Abstract

Increasing air traffic demand makes efficient sequencing and capacity management in the Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA) critical. This study addresses the horizontal sequencing of aircraft in the TMA by proposing a delay-based decision support approach grounded in a Point Merge System. The proposed framework evaluates the status of arriving aircraft upon entry into the TMA, resolves timing conflicts through delay assignments, and aims to maintain an orderly traffic flow during final approach. The developed application provides the planning controller with pre-tactical insight through functions such as heatmaps, total flight time calculations, and emission estimations. It also enables the examination of different traffic scenarios through Constraint-Adjusted Monte Carlo Simulation, and the study offers a novel perspective to the existing literature. With these capabilities, the study and the developed interface deliver a comprehensive and practical contribution to solving the horizontal sequencing problem within the TMA. In the tests conducted under three different traffic density levels (a total of 30 test runs), the algorithm successfully resolved the scenarios and required no relaxation of limits under medium and high traffic conditions. However, under extremely dense traffic, gradual limit relaxation was applied for a subset of aircraft. Each test set’s solution, visualization, and reporting processes were carried out by the heuristic algorithm in under 30 seconds.

Keywords

• Air Traffic Management
• Aircraft Sequencing
• Point Merge System
• Decision Support System
• Emission Analysis

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