Research Article

THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR

Volume: 24 Number: 4 December 26, 2022
EN TR

THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR

Abstract

Marx’s conceptualization of alienation is influenced by his predecessors Hegel and Feuerbach. However, Marx neither accepts these conceptualizations as they are nor makes a synthesis of them. Instead, he builds his original theory of alienation on the criticism of his predecessors’ views on the subject. As a result, Marx’s theory of alienation becomes materialistic, historical and social. The historical and social conditions Marx was in pointed to the capitalist mode of production and the alienation of the working class caused by it as the causes of unfreedom. In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, he focuses on the wage worker’s alienation stemming from the labour process. The purpose of this article is to present Marx’s critique of his predecessors in grounding the concept of alienation and his original contribution. For this, first of all, Marx’s criticisms of Hegel’s and then Feuerbach’s alienation theories will be explained. In this context, three points of criticism will be identified for each of them. Then, Marx’s theory of alienated labour will be discussed and the four aspects of the alienation of the worker will be examined. Based on Marx’s definition of alienated labour as forced labour, it will be argued that what causes alienation to productive activity, which Marx attributes a principal role compared to other aspects, is not division of labour or unpleasant work—or working conditions—but rather forced labour, which is a characteristic of the modes of production based on private property. The question of whether the alienation is specific to capitalism, which arises with this determination, may be a precursor for future studies.

Keywords

References

  1. Arthur, C. (1982, Spring). Objectification and alienation in Marx and Hegel. Radical Philosophy(30), 14-24.
  2. Burbidge, J. W. (2007). Hegel's systematic contingency. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
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  4. Engels, F. (1990). Ludwig Feuerbach and the end of classical German philosophy. In K. Marx, & F. Engels, Collected Works (Vol. 26, pp. 353-398). New York: International Publishers.
  5. Feuerbach, L. (1989). The essence of Christianity. New York: Prometheus Books.
  6. Feuerbach, L. (2012). The fiery brook: Selected writings. London: Verso.
  7. Hardimon, M. O. (1994). Hegel's social philosophy: The project of reconciliation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  8. Hegel, G. W. (1977). Phenomenology of Spirit. (A. V. Miller, Trans.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 26, 2022

Submission Date

September 30, 2022

Acceptance Date

November 10, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 24 Number: 4

APA
Giray, G. (2022). THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(4), 1656-1679. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1182181
AMA
1.Giray G. THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR. DEU Journal of GSSS. 2022;24(4):1656-1679. doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1182181
Chicago
Giray, Görkem. 2022. “THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 24 (4): 1656-79. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1182181.
EndNote
Giray G (December 1, 2022) THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 24 4 1656–1679.
IEEE
[1]G. Giray, “THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR”, DEU Journal of GSSS, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1656–1679, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.16953/deusosbil.1182181.
ISNAD
Giray, Görkem. “THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 24/4 (December 1, 2022): 1656-1679. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1182181.
JAMA
1.Giray G. THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR. DEU Journal of GSSS. 2022;24:1656–1679.
MLA
Giray, Görkem. “THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 4, Dec. 2022, pp. 1656-79, doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1182181.
Vancouver
1.Görkem Giray. THE FOUNDATIONS OF MARX’S THEORY OF ALIENATION: MARX’S CRITIQUE OF HIS PREDECESSORS AND ALIENATED LABOUR. DEU Journal of GSSS. 2022 Dec. 1;24(4):1656-79. doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1182181