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BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS
Abstract
From the twelfth to the twentieth centuries, Jews were frequently subjected to blood libel—a baseless and deeply ingrained myth accusing them of abducting and murdering Christians for use in religious rituals. While the most notorious instances of these accusations occurred in Italy, Germany, and England, similar incidents were reported across the Mediterranean, including in the Ottoman Empire. Blood libel emerged in Ottoman territories in the fifteenth century and persisted sporadically. Accusations often led to violent attacks on Jewish communities, including significant incidents in Amasya (1530), Jerusalem (1546), Phokaia (1560), Ragusa (1622), Istanbul (1633), Zante (1712), Aleppo (1830), and during the infamous cases in Damascus and Rhodes (1840), as well as Izmir (1872 and 1901). While some Catholic elites in the Ottoman Empire supported these libels, most Ottoman officials actively condemned them. Three Ottoman sultans—Suleiman the Magnificent (1545), Abdulmecid (1840), and Abdulaziz (1866)—issued edicts explicitly denouncing the accusations and taking measures to protect Jewish communities. This study explores the historical development of blood libel within the Ottoman context, examining its impact on Jewish communities and the state’s response as a matter of domestic law. Drawing on archival records and existing scholarship, it highlights the Empire’s approach to maintaining pluralistic coexistence while mitigating intercommunal tensions. Furthermore, by evaluating these accusations within the framework of Gramsci’s Theory of Hegemony, the study explores how blood libel functioned as a hegemonic tool employed by Christian minorities to marginalize Jews, and how the Ottoman state’s counter-hegemonic policies sought to uphold justice and social harmony. This analysis underscores the complexities of managing diversity in a multiethnic empire and offers insights into the enduring relevance of combating divisive narratives in pluralistic societies.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
This article does not require any ethics committee approval.
References
- Presidency of The Republic of Türkiye, Directorate of State Archives [BOA]:
- A.{DVNSMHM., vol. 69, p. 297, decree no. 584.
- A.}MKT.UM, no. 556/15, lef 1 and 2.
- A.}MKT.UM., no. 562/65.
- DH. MKT, no. 81/32.
- DH. MKT, no. 1698/86.
- DH.MKT., no. 1831/3.
- DH.İD., no. 116/61, lef 2 and lef 3.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Historical Studies (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Early Pub Date
February 25, 2025
Publication Date
March 15, 2025
Submission Date
July 11, 2024
Acceptance Date
December 10, 2024
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Volume: 27 Number: 1
APA
Değerli Velet, A. (2025). BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(1), 169-194. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1514537
AMA
1.Değerli Velet A. BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS. DEU Journal of GSSS. 2025;27(1):169-194. doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1514537
Chicago
Değerli Velet, Ayşe. 2025. “BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 27 (1): 169-94. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1514537.
EndNote
Değerli Velet A (March 1, 2025) BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 27 1 169–194.
IEEE
[1]A. Değerli Velet, “BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS”, DEU Journal of GSSS, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 169–194, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.16953/deusosbil.1514537.
ISNAD
Değerli Velet, Ayşe. “BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 27/1 (March 1, 2025): 169-194. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1514537.
JAMA
1.Değerli Velet A. BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS. DEU Journal of GSSS. 2025;27:169–194.
MLA
Değerli Velet, Ayşe. “BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 1, Mar. 2025, pp. 169-94, doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1514537.
Vancouver
1.Ayşe Değerli Velet. BLOOD LIBEL IN OTTOMAN LANDS: VICTIMS, PERPETRATORS AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE RULERS. DEU Journal of GSSS. 2025 Mar. 1;27(1):169-94. doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1514537