THE CONCEPT AND IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGIC AUTONOMY IN MULTIPOLAR INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

Abstract

Developments on the international political scene have led to the emergence of debates on the structure of the international system. After World War II, it is accepted that the liberal international system, which was established under the hegemony of the USA, won an absolute victory with the end of the Cold War, and the international system expressed a unipolar. However, developments in the historical process and the existence of new rising powers have led to the acceptance that the international system corresponds to a multipolar structure. Especially during the coronavirus pandemic and the Ukraine-Russia war, international organisations, which are the building blocks of the liberal international system, were ineffective. This situation has led to the re-emergence of nation-states as the main actors in international politics, which is also a confirmation of multipolarity. On the other hand, multipolarity has also turned the principle of self-help into a necessity. The concept of strategic autonomy can be defined as the balancing behaviour of states in order to overcome their dependencies and determine the most appropriate option. At this point, this study focuses on the question of whether the concept of strategic autonomy is an appropriate behaviour for states' foreign policy choices in the multipolar international system.

Keywords

• Strategic Autonomy
• International System
• Multipolarity
• Foreign Policy

ÇOK KUTUPLU ULUSLARARASI SİSTEMDE STRATEJİK OTONOMİ KAVRAMI VE ÖNEMİ

Abstract

Uluslararası siyaset sahnesinde yaşanan gelişmeler, uluslararası sistemin yapısının ne olduğu konusunda tartışmaların ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. 2.Dünya Savaşı ile birlikte ABD hegemonyasında kurulan liberal uluslararası sistemin, Soğuk Savaş’ın bitişiyle birlikte mutlak zafer kazandığı ve uluslararası sistemin tek kutuplu bir hali ifade ettiği kabul edilmektedir. Ancak tarihsel süreç içerisinde yaşanan gelişmeler ve yeni yükselen güçlerin varlığı, uluslararası sistemin çok kutuplu bir yapıya karşılık geldiği kabulünü ortaya çıkarmıştır. Özellikle Koronavirüs pandemisi ve Ukrayna-Rusya savaşında liberal uluslararası sistemin yapıtaşlarından olan uluslararası örgütler etkisiz kalmıştır. Bu durum çok kutupluluğun da tescili olacak biçimde ulus-devletlerin yeniden uluslararası siyasetin temel aktörleri haline gelmesine yol açmıştır. Diğer yandan çok kutupluluk kendi kendine yardım ilkesini de bir zorunluluk haline dönüştürmüştür. Stratejik otonomi kavramı devletlerin bağımlılıklarını gidermek ve en uygun seçeneği belirleyebilmek için dengeleme davranışı olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu noktada bu çalışma, stratejik otonomi kavramının çok kutuplu uluslararası sistemde devletlerin dış politika tercihlerinde uygun bir davranış olup olmadığı sorusunu merkeze almaktadır.

Keywords

• Stratejik Otonomi
• Uluslararası Sistem
• Çok Kutupluluk
• Dış Politika

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