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SOSYAL ÖĞRENME KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA EBEVEYNLİK ROLLERİNİN KUŞAKLARARASI AKTARIMI

Year 2026, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 334 - 357, 15.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1779560
https://izlik.org/JA82YA94HC

Abstract

Öz
Bu çalışma, sosyal öğrenme kuramı çerçevesinde ebeveynlik rollerinin nasıl öğrenildiğini ve kuşaklararası aktarım mekanizmalarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sosyal hizmet disiplini kuşaklararası aktarımı yalnızca farklı gruplarda incelemekle kalmaz aynı zamanda dezavantajlılık ve geçmiş travmaların etkilerini azaltmayı ve bireylerin iyilik hali ve güçlenmesini desteklemeyi de hedefler. Bu doğrultuda, nitel araştırma deseniyle yürütülen çalışmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış, 18 yaş altı çocuğa sahip 56 katılımcı arasından seçilen 30 ebeveyn (15 anne, 15 baba) ile yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA 2024 programı kullanılarak üç ana tema altında kodlanmıştır. Bu temalar; Ebeveynlik Algısı, Kuşaklararası Aktarım, Sosyal ve Kültürel Etmenler ’dir. Betimsel analiz sonucunda, katılımcıların ebeveynliği sevgi, ilgi, empati ve sorumluluk gibi değerlerle birlikte disiplin ve sınır koyma üzerinden tanımladığı; annelik ve babalık rollerinin kimi zaman geleneksel cinsiyet kalıplarıyla, kimi zaman ise daha demokratik ve paylaşımcı bir tutumla ifade edildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca ebeveynlik rollerinin yalnızca içgüdüsel değil, kök aile deneyimlerinden öğrenilen ve bilinçli tercihlerle yeniden şekillenen bir süreç olduğu saptanmıştır. Toplumsal normlar, aile büyükleri, sosyal çevre ve modern bilgi kaynaklarının ebeveynlik tutumları üzerinde belirleyici olduğu da çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular arasında yer almaktadır. Erişilen bulgular ebeveynliğin sosyal, kültürel ve kuşaklararası öğrenme süreciyle bağlantısını ortaya koyarak; sosyal öğrenmenin sosyal hizmet açısından önemini açığa çıkarmaktadır.

References

  • Akat, M. (2024). Aile çatışması ve sürekli kaygının kuşaklar arası aktarımı: Ergenin pozitif genç gelişimi ve saldırganlığının seri aracılığı [Doktora tezi]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi.
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognative theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175-1184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.9.1175
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.
  • Bandura, A. (2006). Toward of psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 164-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x
  • Bandura, A. (2008). Toward an agentic theory of the self. In H. W. Marsh, R. G. Craven & D. M. McInerney (Eds.), Self-processes, learning and enabling human potential (pp. 15-49). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
  • Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1, Pt.2), 1–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030372
  • Baumrind, D., Larzelere, R. E., & Owens, E. B. (2010). Effects of preschool parents’ power assertive patterns and practices on adolescent development. Parenting, 10(3), 157–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190903290790
  • Brenøea, A. A. ve Epper, T. (2022). Parenting values and the intergenerational transmission of time preferences, European Economic Review, 148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104208
  • Chen, Z., & Kaplan, H. B. (2001). Intergenerational transmission of constructive parenting. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 17–31. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3599956
  • Elhami, A., & Khoshnevisan, B. (2022). Conducting an interview in qualitative research: The modus operandi. Mextesol Journal. https://doi.org/10.61871/mj.v46n1-3
  • Erzinger, A. B., & Steiger, A. E. (2014). Intergenerational transmission of maternal and paternal parenting beliefs: The moderating role of interaction quality. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2013.870070
  • Fu, A. S., & Markus, H. R. (2014). My mother and me: Why tiger mothers motivate Asian Americans but not European Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(6), 739-749. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214524992
  • Gerring, R. J. ve Zimbardo, P. G. (2017). Psikoloji ve Yaşam Psikolojiye Giriş- Psychology and Life, Gamze Sart (Çev.), Nobel.
  • Gökler, R., & Atamtürk, E. (2021). Ebeveynlik rollerindeki değişim. Sosyal Politika ve Sosyal Hizmet Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 151-177.
  • Grønhøj, A., & Thøgersen, J. (2017). Why young people do things for the environment: The role of parenting for adolescents’ motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 54, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.09.005
  • Homans, G. C. (2013). Davranışçılık ve sonrası. günümüzde sosyal teori social theory today (2007) içinde. Giddens, A. ve Turner J. (Eds.). Ümit Tatlıcan (Çev.)., Say Yayınları.
  • Jasmine U. H., Nduna M. & Nkala Dlamini B. (2025) Intergenerational continuity of protective parenting practices in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 20(2): e0300160. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300160
  • Katz-Gerro, T., Greenspan, I., Handy, F., & Vered, Y. (2019). Environmental behavior in three countries: The role of intergenerational transmission and domains of socialization. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 71, 101343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101343
  • Kim S.Y., Wang Y., Orozco-Lapray D., Shen Y., & Murtuza M. (2013). Does tiger parenting exist? Parenting profiles of Chinese Americans and adolescent developmental outcomes. Asian Am J Psychol, 4(1), 7-18.
  • Koç, G. (2003). Gelişim ve öğrenme. A. Ulusoy (Ed.), Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Korkmaz, İ. (2012). Sosyal öğrenme kuramı. B. Yeşilyaprak (Ed.), Eğitim psikolojisi: Gelişim, öğrenme, öğretim içinde (s. 250). Pegem Akademi.
  • Leppänen, J. M., Haahla, A. E., Lensu, A. M., & Kuitunen, M. T. (2012). Parent-child similarity in environmental attitudes: A pairwise comparison. The Journal of Environmental Education, 43(3), 162–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2011.634449
  • Liebert, R. M., & Fernandez, L. E. (1970). Effects of vicarious consequences on imitative performance. Child Development, 41, 847-852.
  • Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in context of the family: Parent-Child Interaction. In E.M. Hetherington (Ed.), Handbook of child Psychology: Vol.4.
  • Madden, V., Domoney, J., Aumayer, K., Sethna, V., Iles, J., Hubbard, I., Giannakakis, A., Psychogiou, L., & Ramchandani, P. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of parenting: findings from a UK longitudinal study. European journal of public health, 25(6), 1030–1035. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv093
  • Madigan, S., Wade, M., Plamondon, A., Maguire, J. L., & Jenkins, J. M. (2017). Maternal adverse childhood experience and infant health: Biomedical and psychosocial risks as ıntermediary mechanisms. The Journal of pediatrics, 187, 282–289.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.052
  • Matthies, E., Selge, S., & Klöckner, C. A. (2012). The role of parental behaviour for the development of behaviour specific environmental norms—The example of recycling and re-use behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(3), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.04.003
  • Ormrod, J. E. (2020). Öğrenme Psikolojisi-Human Learning- 6. Baskı, Mustafa Baloğlu (Çev.). Ankara: Nobel
  • Pearce, J. M. (1977). Animal learning and cognition: An introduction (2 nd ed.) East Sussex, Psychology Press.
  • Rothenberg, W. A., Solis, J. M., Hussong, A. M., & Chassin, L. (2017). Profiling families in conflict: Multigenerational continuity in conflict predicts deleterious adolescent and adult outcomes. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(5), 616–628. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000319
  • Sakarya, H. (2024). Kuşaklararası aktarım: Mülteci ailelerin çocukları travmayı nasıl miras alıyorlar?, Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, 24, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.46218/tshd.1425259
  • Schunk, D. H., & Pajares, F. (2005). Competence perceptions and academic functioning. In A. J. Elliot & C. S. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 85–104). Guilford Publications.
  • Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2003). Self-regulation and learning. In W. M. Reynolds & G. E. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Educational psychology, Vol. 7, pp. 59–78). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Simonton, D. K. (1983). Intergenerational transfer of individual differences in hereditary monarchs: Genetic, role-modeling, cohort, or socio-cultural effects?, Journal of Person-ality and Social Psychology, 44, 354-364. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.44.2.354
  • Smetana, J. G. (2017). Current research on parenting styles, dimensions, and beliefs. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.012
  • Terry, W. S. (2018). Öğrenme ve bellek temel ilkeler, süreçler ve işlemler-learning & memory basic principles, processes, and procedures, 4. Baskı, Banu Cangöz (Çev.), Anı Yayıncılık
  • Thunberg, S., & Arnell, L. (2022). Pioneering the use of technologies in qualitative research – A research review of the use of digital interviews. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 25(6), 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2021.1935565
  • Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1992). Intergenerational transmission of parenting: A review of studies in nonclinical populations. Developmental Review, 12, 76-99.
  • Yaprak, B. (2007). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin algıladıkları anne-baba tutumunun diskrimanant analiziyle belirlenmesi ve benlik saygısı ile olan ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi üzerine bir uygulama. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İstatistik Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Eskişehir.
  • Zhang, L., Mersky, J. P., Gruber, A. M. & Kim, J.-Y. (2023). Intergenerational transmission of parental adverse childhood experiences and children's outcomes: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(5), 3251-3264. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221126186

INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF PARENTING ROLES IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Year 2026, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 334 - 357, 15.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1779560
https://izlik.org/JA82YA94HC

Abstract

This study aims to examine how parenting roles are learned and transmitted across generations within the framework of social learning theory. The discipline of social work not only observes intergenerational transmission across different social groups but also seeks to reduce the effects of disadvantage and past traumas while promoting individuals’ well-being and empowerment. In this context, the study was conducted using a qualitative research design and a purposive sampling method. Structured interviews were carried out with 30 parents (15 mothers and 15 fathers) selected from among 56 participants who had children under the age of 18. The data obtained were coded under three main themes using the MAXQDA 2024 program: Parenting Perception, Intergenerational Transmission, and Social and Cultural Factors. Descriptive analysis revealed that participants defined parenting through values such as love, attention, empathy, and responsibility, along with discipline and setting boundaries. It was also found that motherhood and fatherhood roles were expressed sometimes through traditional gender norms and sometimes through a more democratic and shared understanding. Furthermore, parenting roles were identified not as purely instinctive but as practices learned from family-of-origin experiences and reshaped through conscious choices. Social norms, elders, social environments, and modern sources of information were also found to have significant influences on parenting attitudes. The findings reveal the connection between parenting and the social, cultural and intergenerational learning process, revealing the importance of social learning for social work.

References

  • Akat, M. (2024). Aile çatışması ve sürekli kaygının kuşaklar arası aktarımı: Ergenin pozitif genç gelişimi ve saldırganlığının seri aracılığı [Doktora tezi]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi.
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognative theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175-1184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.9.1175
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.
  • Bandura, A. (2006). Toward of psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 164-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x
  • Bandura, A. (2008). Toward an agentic theory of the self. In H. W. Marsh, R. G. Craven & D. M. McInerney (Eds.), Self-processes, learning and enabling human potential (pp. 15-49). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
  • Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1, Pt.2), 1–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030372
  • Baumrind, D., Larzelere, R. E., & Owens, E. B. (2010). Effects of preschool parents’ power assertive patterns and practices on adolescent development. Parenting, 10(3), 157–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190903290790
  • Brenøea, A. A. ve Epper, T. (2022). Parenting values and the intergenerational transmission of time preferences, European Economic Review, 148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104208
  • Chen, Z., & Kaplan, H. B. (2001). Intergenerational transmission of constructive parenting. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 17–31. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3599956
  • Elhami, A., & Khoshnevisan, B. (2022). Conducting an interview in qualitative research: The modus operandi. Mextesol Journal. https://doi.org/10.61871/mj.v46n1-3
  • Erzinger, A. B., & Steiger, A. E. (2014). Intergenerational transmission of maternal and paternal parenting beliefs: The moderating role of interaction quality. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2013.870070
  • Fu, A. S., & Markus, H. R. (2014). My mother and me: Why tiger mothers motivate Asian Americans but not European Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(6), 739-749. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214524992
  • Gerring, R. J. ve Zimbardo, P. G. (2017). Psikoloji ve Yaşam Psikolojiye Giriş- Psychology and Life, Gamze Sart (Çev.), Nobel.
  • Gökler, R., & Atamtürk, E. (2021). Ebeveynlik rollerindeki değişim. Sosyal Politika ve Sosyal Hizmet Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 151-177.
  • Grønhøj, A., & Thøgersen, J. (2017). Why young people do things for the environment: The role of parenting for adolescents’ motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 54, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.09.005
  • Homans, G. C. (2013). Davranışçılık ve sonrası. günümüzde sosyal teori social theory today (2007) içinde. Giddens, A. ve Turner J. (Eds.). Ümit Tatlıcan (Çev.)., Say Yayınları.
  • Jasmine U. H., Nduna M. & Nkala Dlamini B. (2025) Intergenerational continuity of protective parenting practices in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 20(2): e0300160. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300160
  • Katz-Gerro, T., Greenspan, I., Handy, F., & Vered, Y. (2019). Environmental behavior in three countries: The role of intergenerational transmission and domains of socialization. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 71, 101343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101343
  • Kim S.Y., Wang Y., Orozco-Lapray D., Shen Y., & Murtuza M. (2013). Does tiger parenting exist? Parenting profiles of Chinese Americans and adolescent developmental outcomes. Asian Am J Psychol, 4(1), 7-18.
  • Koç, G. (2003). Gelişim ve öğrenme. A. Ulusoy (Ed.), Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Korkmaz, İ. (2012). Sosyal öğrenme kuramı. B. Yeşilyaprak (Ed.), Eğitim psikolojisi: Gelişim, öğrenme, öğretim içinde (s. 250). Pegem Akademi.
  • Leppänen, J. M., Haahla, A. E., Lensu, A. M., & Kuitunen, M. T. (2012). Parent-child similarity in environmental attitudes: A pairwise comparison. The Journal of Environmental Education, 43(3), 162–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2011.634449
  • Liebert, R. M., & Fernandez, L. E. (1970). Effects of vicarious consequences on imitative performance. Child Development, 41, 847-852.
  • Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in context of the family: Parent-Child Interaction. In E.M. Hetherington (Ed.), Handbook of child Psychology: Vol.4.
  • Madden, V., Domoney, J., Aumayer, K., Sethna, V., Iles, J., Hubbard, I., Giannakakis, A., Psychogiou, L., & Ramchandani, P. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of parenting: findings from a UK longitudinal study. European journal of public health, 25(6), 1030–1035. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv093
  • Madigan, S., Wade, M., Plamondon, A., Maguire, J. L., & Jenkins, J. M. (2017). Maternal adverse childhood experience and infant health: Biomedical and psychosocial risks as ıntermediary mechanisms. The Journal of pediatrics, 187, 282–289.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.052
  • Matthies, E., Selge, S., & Klöckner, C. A. (2012). The role of parental behaviour for the development of behaviour specific environmental norms—The example of recycling and re-use behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(3), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.04.003
  • Ormrod, J. E. (2020). Öğrenme Psikolojisi-Human Learning- 6. Baskı, Mustafa Baloğlu (Çev.). Ankara: Nobel
  • Pearce, J. M. (1977). Animal learning and cognition: An introduction (2 nd ed.) East Sussex, Psychology Press.
  • Rothenberg, W. A., Solis, J. M., Hussong, A. M., & Chassin, L. (2017). Profiling families in conflict: Multigenerational continuity in conflict predicts deleterious adolescent and adult outcomes. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(5), 616–628. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000319
  • Sakarya, H. (2024). Kuşaklararası aktarım: Mülteci ailelerin çocukları travmayı nasıl miras alıyorlar?, Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, 24, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.46218/tshd.1425259
  • Schunk, D. H., & Pajares, F. (2005). Competence perceptions and academic functioning. In A. J. Elliot & C. S. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 85–104). Guilford Publications.
  • Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2003). Self-regulation and learning. In W. M. Reynolds & G. E. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Educational psychology, Vol. 7, pp. 59–78). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Simonton, D. K. (1983). Intergenerational transfer of individual differences in hereditary monarchs: Genetic, role-modeling, cohort, or socio-cultural effects?, Journal of Person-ality and Social Psychology, 44, 354-364. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.44.2.354
  • Smetana, J. G. (2017). Current research on parenting styles, dimensions, and beliefs. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.012
  • Terry, W. S. (2018). Öğrenme ve bellek temel ilkeler, süreçler ve işlemler-learning & memory basic principles, processes, and procedures, 4. Baskı, Banu Cangöz (Çev.), Anı Yayıncılık
  • Thunberg, S., & Arnell, L. (2022). Pioneering the use of technologies in qualitative research – A research review of the use of digital interviews. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 25(6), 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2021.1935565
  • Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1992). Intergenerational transmission of parenting: A review of studies in nonclinical populations. Developmental Review, 12, 76-99.
  • Yaprak, B. (2007). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin algıladıkları anne-baba tutumunun diskrimanant analiziyle belirlenmesi ve benlik saygısı ile olan ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi üzerine bir uygulama. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İstatistik Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Eskişehir.
  • Zhang, L., Mersky, J. P., Gruber, A. M. & Kim, J.-Y. (2023). Intergenerational transmission of parental adverse childhood experiences and children's outcomes: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(5), 3251-3264. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221126186
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Development Studies (Other), Social and Personality Psychology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ceylan Sülü Akgül 0000-0002-9147-9664

Submission Date September 7, 2025
Acceptance Date February 16, 2026
Publication Date March 15, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1779560
IZ https://izlik.org/JA82YA94HC
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 28 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sülü Akgül, C. (2026). SOSYAL ÖĞRENME KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA EBEVEYNLİK ROLLERİNİN KUŞAKLARARASI AKTARIMI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(1), 334-357. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1779560