TURKEY’S CHANGING SECURITY ENVIRONMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY

Abstract

 Turkey’s security-oriented foreign policy during the 1990s, which changed dramatically by the 2000s towards a more liberal mode and which can also be considered as the “Europeanization of Turkish foreign policy”, returned to its re-securitized phase in the 2010s by resorting to hard power. This article aims at explaining this reversal by analysing changes in the intensity of Turkey’s internal and external threats. In this analysis, it will mainly concentrate on the ongoing civil war in Syria, as an enabling factor for the revival of PKK terror in Turkey and terrorist attacks from ISIS. Consequently, the unstable political and security environment surrounding the South-eastern borderline of Turkey has led to the use of hard power in national foreign policy. In contrast with the previous decade, the use of military power has become inevitable in the pursuit of national security interests against intra-country and cross-border terror threats.    

Keywords

• Turkish Foreign Policy,Europeanization,De-Europeanization,Security-oriented Foreign Policy,PKK,ISIS

TÜRKİYE’NİN DEĞİŞEN GÜVENLİK ÇEVRESİ VE TÜRK DIŞ POLİTİKASININ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Abstract

Türkiye’nin 1990’lardaki güvenlik odaklı dış politikası 2000’li yıllarda Türk dış politikasının Avrupalılaşması olarak da nitelendirilebilen daha liberal yönde bir değişim geçirmiştir. Ancak bu dış politika, 2010’larda sert güce başvurulmasıyla yeniden güvenlikleştirme sürecine yönelmiştir. Bu makale söz konusu yönelimi, Türkiye’ye yönelik iç ve dış tehditlerin yoğunluğundaki değişimi analiz ederek incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu analizde temel olarak, Suriye’de devam eden ve Türkiye’deki PKK terörünün yeniden ortaya çıkışına olanak sağlayan iç savaş ve DAEŞ’in terörist saldırıları üzerinde durulacaktır. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’nin güney doğu sınırını çevreleyen istikrarsız siyaset ve güvenlik ortamı, ulusal dış politikada sert gücün kullanılmasına yol açmıştır. Önceki on yılın aksine, ülke içi ve sınır ötesi terör tehditlerine karşı askeri güç kullanımı, ulusal güvenlik çıkarları açısından kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir.

Keywords

• Türk Dış Politikası,Avrupalılaşma,Avrupalılaşmadan Uzaklaşma,Güvenlik Odaklı Dış Politika,PKK,DAEŞ

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