Research Article

Autophagy-dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Volume: 52 Number: 4 December 12, 2025
EN TR

Autophagy-dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Abstract

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer worldwide. Autophagy and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are key processes in maintaining cellular homeostasis; their dysregulation can accelerate carcinogenesis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) transcription factor regulates genes involved in proliferation, survival, and development. Although crosstalk between autophagy and EMT, and NFκB’s involvement in each process, have been reported, evidence for its regulation of both mechanisms together in NSCLC is limited. Methods: We investigated the role of NFκB (p65 subunit) in EMT regulation under autophagy-induced and non-induced conditions in NSCLC cell lines. Previously generated NFκB-overexpressed and -suppressed NSCLC samples from our earlier work were used. Cells were subjected to autophagy-induced or non-induced conditions, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess expression levels of EMT-related genes: positive regulators (Snail, Slug, N-cadherin) and the epithelial marker E-cadherin. Results: Under autophagy-induced conditions, NFκB overexpression significantly increased EMT-promoting genes and suppressed E-cadherin. In non-induced conditions, NFκB overexpression suppressed EMT-promoting genes and increased E-cadherin. NFκB suppression produced opposite effects, confirming its regulatory role. These results suggest a bidirectional influence of NFκB on EMT, dependent on autophagic status. Conclusions: NFκB, previously shown by us to positively regulate autophagy, acts as an autophagy-associated EMT regulator in NSCLC. It promotes EMT under autophagy-induced conditions, potentially contributing to progression and metastasis in advanced disease, while under non-induced conditions it may help maintain epithelial characteristics. Targeting the NFκB/autophagy/EMT axis could support the development of personalized NSCLC therapies.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Not applicable. No animals/humans were used for studies that are base of this research.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Health Care Administration, Medical Education, Health Services and Systems (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hakan Akça
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 12, 2025

Submission Date

August 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 12, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 52 Number: 4

APA
Alvur, Ö., & Akça, H. (2025). Autophagy-dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Dicle Medical Journal, 52(4), 747-753. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1840711
AMA
1.Alvur Ö, Akça H. Autophagy-dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Dicle Medical Journal. 2025;52(4):747-753. doi:10.5798/dicletip.1840711
Chicago
Alvur, Özge, and Hakan Akça. 2025. “Autophagy-Dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells”. Dicle Medical Journal 52 (4): 747-53. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1840711.
EndNote
Alvur Ö, Akça H (December 1, 2025) Autophagy-dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Dicle Medical Journal 52 4 747–753.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Alvur and H. Akça, “Autophagy-dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells”, Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 747–753, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.5798/dicletip.1840711.
ISNAD
Alvur, Özge - Akça, Hakan. “Autophagy-Dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells”. Dicle Medical Journal 52/4 (December 1, 2025): 747-753. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1840711.
JAMA
1.Alvur Ö, Akça H. Autophagy-dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Dicle Medical Journal. 2025;52:747–753.
MLA
Alvur, Özge, and Hakan Akça. “Autophagy-Dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells”. Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 52, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 747-53, doi:10.5798/dicletip.1840711.
Vancouver
1.Özge Alvur, Hakan Akça. Autophagy-dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Dicle Medical Journal. 2025 Dec. 1;52(4):747-53. doi:10.5798/dicletip.1840711