Korku Edebiyatında Bir Devrim: Frankenstein ve The Vampyre

Öz

Korku yüzyıllardır yazarların edebi eserlerinde işlediği öne çıkan temalardan biri olmuştur. Zamanla bu korku temaları toplumların kaygı ve ihtiyaçları temel alınarak değiştirilmiş ve geliştirilmiştir. Özellikle 19. Yüzyıl, insan korkuları ve kaygılarının yansıtıcısı olan korkunun evrimi açısından bir dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda sıra dışı özellikler kazanan yaratıklar korku edebiyatında çığır açmıştır. Döneme damgasını vuran en önemli olaylardan biri Lord Byron tarafından başlatılan korku hikâyesi yarışmasıdır. İngiliz Edebiyatının iki önemli eseri olan Mary Shelley’nin Frankestein (or The Modern Prometheus) ve John William Polidori’nin The Vampyre romanları bu yarışmada ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma adı geçen kitapların analizini konu edinecektir.  Bir taraftan gotik unsurları, önemli sembolleri, karakterleri ve bu karakterlerin romandaki rollerini ortaya koyarken diğer taraftan karakterler ve rakipleri arasındaki ilişkileri karşılaştıracaktır.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Victoria Gotik Edebiyatı,Mary Shelley,John William Polidori,Frankenstein,The Vampyre

A Revolution in Horror Literature: Frankenstein and The Vampyre

Abstract

Horror has always been an outstanding team that authors use in their literary works for centuries. Over time, these horror teams have been changed and developed based on societies’ fears and needs. Especially 19^th century is considered to be a turning point for the evolution of horror as a reflector of human’s fears and preoccupations.  Meanwhile monsters which acquire extraordinary features have made a breakthrough in horror fiction. One of the most important events which leave its mark on the era is the ghost story competition started by Lord Byron. Two important pieces of English Literature, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (Or The Modern Prometheus) and John William Polidori’s The Vampyre emerged in this challenge. This study will discuss the analysis of the books mentioned. It will present gothic factors, major symbols, characters and their roles in the novels, on the one hand; it will compare the relationships between the protagonists and the antagonists on the other.

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