Korku Edebiyatında Bir Devrim: Frankenstein ve The Vampyre

Yıl 2020, , 295 - 315, 20.03.2020

Ercan Kaçmaz , Hatice Şule Yavuz

https://doi.org/10.30767/diledeara.632806

Öz

Korku yüzyıllardır yazarların edebi eserlerinde
işlediği öne çıkan temalardan biri olmuştur. Zamanla bu korku temaları
toplumların kaygı ve ihtiyaçları temel alınarak değiştirilmiş ve
geliştirilmiştir. Özellikle 19. Yüzyıl, insan korkuları ve kaygılarının yansıtıcısı
olan korkunun evrimi açısından bir dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu
bağlamda sıra dışı özellikler kazanan yaratıklar korku edebiyatında çığır
açmıştır. Döneme damgasını vuran en önemli olaylardan biri Lord Byron
tarafından başlatılan korku hikâyesi yarışmasıdır.
İngiliz Edebiyatının iki önemli eseri olan Mary Shelley’nin Frankestein (or The Modern Prometheus) ve
John William Polidori’nin The Vampyre
romanları bu yarışmada ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma adı geçen kitapların
analizini konu edinecektir.  Bir taraftan
gotik unsurları, önemli sembolleri, karakterleri ve bu karakterlerin romandaki
rollerini ortaya koyarken diğer taraftan karakterler ve rakipleri arasındaki
ilişkileri karşılaştıracaktır.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Victoria Gotik Edebiyatı, Mary Shelley, John William Polidori, Frankenstein, The Vampyre

A Revolution in Horror Literature: Frankenstein and The Vampyre

Öz

Horror has always been an outstanding team that
authors use in their literary works for centuries. Over time, these horror
teams have been changed and developed based on societies’ fears and needs.
Especially 19^th century is considered to be a turning point for the
evolution of horror as a reflector of human’s fears and preoccupations.  Meanwhile monsters which acquire
extraordinary features have made a breakthrough in horror fiction. One of the
most important events which leave its mark on the era is the ghost story competition started by Lord
Byron. Two important pieces of English Literature, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (Or The Modern Prometheus) and
John William Polidori’s The Vampyre
emerged in this challenge. This study will discuss the analysis of the books
mentioned. It will present gothic factors, major symbols, characters and their
roles in the novels, on the one hand; it will compare the relationships between
the protagonists and the antagonists on the other.

Kaynakça

• Abrams, Meyer Howard ed. (1987), The Norton Anthology of English Literature, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Fifth Edition.
• Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, The Cry of the Children, Retrieved from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43725/the-cry-of-the-children (Access date: 23.09.2019).
• Buzwell, Greg (2014.05.15), Mary Shelley, Frankenstein and the Villa Diodati Retrieved from: https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/mary-shelley-frankenstein-and-the-villa-diodati (Access date: 05.05.2019).
• Cartwright, Mark (2013.04.20), Prometheus, Retrieved from: https://www.ancient.eu/Prometheus/ (Access date: 02.05.2019).
• Clayton Paul, Judith Rowbotham (2009), “How the Mid-Victorians Worked, Ate and Died”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6, pp. 1235-1253, doi:10.3390/ijerph6031235.Gonzalez de Leon, Maria (2014.11.28), The Modern Vampire Is Inspired by This
• Brilliant and Fairly Unknown Work. Retrieved from: http://www.faena.com/aleph/articles/the-modern-vampire-is-inspired-by-this-brilliantand-fairly-unknown-work/ (Access date: 08.05.2019).
• Jackson, Kevin (2016.05.17), The haunted summer of 1816, Retrieved from: https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/arts-and-books/sumer-1816-frankenstein-shelley-byron-villa-diodati (Access date: 01.05.2019)
• Mellor, Anne (2006), The Cambridge Companion to Mary Shelley. Making a“monster”: an introduction to Frankenstein, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 9-25.
• Mitchell, Sally (2009), Daily Life in Victorian England, London: Greenwood Press, Second Edition.
• Moers, Ellen (1974), Female Gothic: The Monster’s Mother, pp. 3-5.
• Polidori, John William (1819), The Vampyre, Freeditorial Publishing House.
• Radford, Benjamin (2014.10.23), Vampire: Facts, Fiction and Folklore, Retrieved from: https://www.livescience.com/24374-vampires-real-history.html (Access date: 26.09.2019)
• Rosetti, William Michael (1911), The Diary of Dr. John William Polidori: 1816: relating to Byron, Shelley, etc., London: Immortal Literature Series.
• Shelley, Mary (2012), Frankenstein, Ankara: Engin Original Gold Classics.