Almanca Öğretim ve Öğrenim Oyunu ‚Berlin 3D entdecken!’in Geliştirilme Süreci

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 119 - 136, 31.12.2018

Yunus Alyaz Dorothea Spaniel-weise Theres Werner

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Bursa ve Jena’dan akademisyenlerin işbirliğinde geliştirilen ‚Berlin 3D entdecken!‘ dijital Almanca öğretim oyunu geliştirilme süreci teknik ve didaktik açılardan tanıtılmaktadır. Bilgisayar destekli yabancı dil öğrenimi alanında güncel eğilim dijital oyunlarla yabancı dil öğrenimi (DGBLL) ve oyunlaştırmadır (gamification). Dijital yerliler olarak da adlandırılan, 21. yüzyılın genç kuşağı öğrenme sürecinde çeşitli dijital oyunlardan yararlanmaktadır (Prensky, 2001). Gençler eğitsel dijital oyunlarla öğrenmeye olumlu yaklaşırken öğretmenler bu konuda çeşitli nedenlerle çekimser kalmaktadırlar ve bu da sıkça eleştirilmektedir (Allsop et al. 2013, Blume, 2017, Chandler 2013, Emin-Martinez & Ney 2013, Gerber & Price 2013, Wagner & Mitgutsch 2009). Ancak piayasadaki hemen hemen bütün eğitsel oyunlar ders dışı zamanlarda kendi kendine öğrenme konseptine göre tasarlandığından ve ders entegre edilmesi son derece zor olduğundan öğretmenlere yöneltilen bu eleştiriler gerçekçi değildir. Öğretmenlerin kendi kendine öğrenme konseptine göre hazırlanmış bir materyali derste nasıl kullanabileceği sorusunun yanıtı henüz verilememiştir. Öğretmenlerin bu konda çekimser kalmalarının en önemli nedeni günümüzde henüz Almanca derslerinde kullanılabilecek bir dijital oyunun mevcut olmamasıdır, bir başka ifadeyle piyasada öğretmeye yönelik bir oyun yoktur. Bu sorunun çözümüne katkıda bulunmak amacıyla Almanca öğretmeye yönelik bir dijital oyun geliştirilmiştir: ‚Berlin 3D entdecken!‘. Öğretmenler bu dijital oyunu sınıflarında kullanarak, oynayarak ders anlatabilirler. Oyun B1+ seviyesinde dil içeriği ve Berlin Mitte semtindeki beş tarihi esere ilişkin kültürel bilgiler sunmaktadır. Rol üstlenme türünde (RPG = Role Play Game) tasarlanmış oyunda oyun figürleri tarafından tarihi binaların gerçeğe yakın üç boyutlu modelllerinin keşfedilmesi ve öğrenilmesi öngörülmüştür. Oyun öğretmene oyun içi üç boyutlu sunumlar, etkileşimli alıştırmalar ve bölüm sonu testi gibi içerikleriyle derse entegre etme olanağı sunmaktadır. Oyunun dört farklı sürümü geliştirilmiştir: Masaüstü bilgisayar, akıllı tahta, web ve mobil (Android & IOS).

Keywords

DGBLL, DaF, Öğretim Oyunu, Eğitsel Oyun, Oyunlaştırma

Entwicklungsprozess des digitalen Lehr- und Lernspiels ‚Berlin 3D entdecken!‘

Abstract

In diesem Vortag wird der Entwicklungsprozess des digitalen Lehr- und Lernspiels ‚Berlin 3D entdecken!‘, das in Kooperation von Bursaer und Jenaer DaF-DozentInnen entwickelt wurde, unter technischen und didaktischen Aspekten vorgestellt. Digitalspiel-basiertes Fremdsprachen Lernen (DGBLL) und Gamifizierung sind gegenwärtige Tendenzen im computerbasierten Fremdsprachenlernen. Die Millenium-Generationen, die sog. Digital Natives, lernen durch digitale (Lern-)Spiele diverser Art (Prensky 2001). Während die Jugendlichen digitale Sprachlernspiele als neues Material willkommen heißen, bleiben die Lehrpersonen aus verschiedenen Gründen eher skeptisch, was oft kritisiert wird (Allsop et al. 2013, Blume 2017, Chandler 2013, Emin-Martinez & Ney 2013, Gerber & Price 2013, Wagner & Mitgutsch 2009). Doch die Kritik an den Lehrenden ist nicht gerechtfertigt, da fast alle Spiele dieser Art als Medium zum individuellen Lernen in außerschulischen Kontexten konzipiert worden sind und sich daher nur bedingt in den Unterricht integrieren lassen. Es bleibt offen, wie Lehrende ein Selbstlernmedium im Unterricht verwenden können. Der entscheidende Grund zurückhaltender Einstellungen von Lehrenden ist, dass derzeit kein digitales Spiel vorhanden ist, das sie in ihren DaF-Klassen zu unterrichtlichen Zwecken einsetzen können, d.h. es gibt kein digitales Lehrspiel! Um zur Lösung dieses Problems beizutragen, wurde ein digitales DaF-Lehrspiel entwickelt: ‚Berlin 3D entdecken!‘ Durch dieses Spiel können DaF-Lehrende in eigenen Klassen spielend lehren. Auf dem Sprachniveau B1+ liefert das Spiel landeskundliche Informationen über fünf Sehenswürdigkeiten in Berlin Mitte. Als RPG (Role Play Game) konzipiertes Spiel enthält es 3D-Modelle von historischen Bauten, die von Avataren realitätsnah erkundet werden. Durch 3D-Präsentationen, interaktive Übungen und einen Abschlusstest bietet das Spiel die Möglichkeit, es in den Unterricht zu integrieren. Es wurden vier Grundversionen des Spiels entwickelt: für PC, Smartboard, Web und Mobil (Android & IOS).

Keywords

DGBLL, DaF, Lehrspiel, Ernsthafte Spiele, Gamifizierung

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