Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Bağlam İçi Anlaşılırlık Ölçeği: İç Tutarlılık ve Geçerlik

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 22, 29.04.2022

Abstract

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün (WHO) sınıflandırması olan sağlık ve işlevselliğin uluslararası sınıflandırması (ICF) bütüncül kavramsal bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. ICF bireyin konuşma bozukluğu şiddetinin yanı sıra bu durumun bireyin yaşamına olan etkisinin ve bağlamsal faktörlerin değerlendirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Amaç: Bağlam İçi Anlaşılırlık Ölçeği (BAÖ), ICF’de ifade edilen çevresel faktörler açısından anlaşılırlığı değerlendiren bir ölçektir. Bu araştırmada BAÖ ölçeğinin güvenirlik için iç tutarlık ve geçerlik için ölçüt temelli geçerlik çalışması yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmaya konuşma sesi bozukluğu olan 5-7 yaşları arasında 26 çocuk ve ebeveyni katılmıştır. Ebeveynler BAÖ ölçeğini doldurmuşlardır. Katılımcı çocuklara ise Sesletim Sesbilgisel Testi Sesletim alt testi (SST-SET) uygulanmış ve puanlarına göre hafif, orta, ileri, çok ileri sorun olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Çocukların spontane konuşma kaydından doğru ünsüz üretim yüzdesi (DZY) hesaplanmıştır. DZY’ye göre katılımcılar hafif, hafif-orta, orta ve şiddetli olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. SST-SET, DZY puanları arasındaki ve BAÖ-DZY puanları arasında ilişki Spearman, SST-SET ve BAÖ puanları arasındaki ilişki ise Pearson korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. SST-SET şiddet gruplarının BAÖ puanları arasındaki fark Kruskal Wallis, gruplar arası fark Mann Whitney U testi, DZY grupları BAÖ puanları arasındaki fark ANOVA, gruplar arası fark Bonferroni düzeltmesi ile analiz edilmiş, BAÖ iç tutarlılığı için Cronbach (CA) güvenirlik katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: SST-SET ve DZY arasında (r= 0,924; p<0,001), DZY-BAÖ (r= 0,962; p<0,001), SST-SET ve BAÖ (r= 0,885; p<0,001) anlamlı, pozitif yönlü, yüksek düzeyde korelasyon, SST-SET grupları BAÖ puanları arasında ise anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,001). DZY grupları BAÖ puanları arasında (p<0,00) ve hafif ile hafif-orta (p<0,05), hafif ile orta derece şiddetli (p<0,001), hafif ile şiddetli (p<0,001), hafif orta ile orta derece şiddetli (p<0,05) ve hafif orta ile şiddetli (p<0,001) çocukların BAÖ puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık vardır. BAÖ iç tutarlığı CA katsayısı 0,957 (mükemmel) olarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: BAÖ Türkçe alan yazında anlaşılırlığın tanımlanmasında kullanılabilecek mükemmel iç tutarlılığa sahip, geçerli bir araçtır.

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • Büyüköztürk, S. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (27. baskı., sayfa 32). Ankara: Pege Akademi.
  • Bademci, V. (2019). Geçerlik: Nedir? Ne değildir? JRES, 6(2), 373-385.
  • Kent, R., Miolo, G., & Bloedel, S. (1994). The Intelligibility of Children’s Speech: A Review of Evaluation Procedures. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 3(2), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0302.81
  • Kilic, S. (2016). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. Journal Of Mood Disorders, 6(1), 47. doi: 10.5455/jmood.20160307122823
  • Lousada, M., Sa-Couto, P., Sutre, D., Figueiredo, C., Fazenda, M., Lousada, M. J., & Valente, A. R. (2019). Validity and reliability of the Intelligibility in Context Scale: European Portuguese version. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 33(12), 1125–1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2019.1589579
  • McLeod, Sharynne, McCormak, J. (2007). Application of the ICF and ICF‐CY to children with speech impairment. Seminars in Speech and Language, 28(4), 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1055/s
  • McLeod, S. (2006). An holistic view of a child with unintelligible speech: Insights from the ICF and ICF-CY. 8(September), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/14417040600824944
  • McLeod, S. (2020). Intelligibility in Context Scale: cross-linguistic use, validity, and reliability. Speech, Language and Hearing, 23(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/2050571X.2020.1718837
  • McLeod, S., Harrison, L. J., & McCormack, J. (2012). The intelligibility in context scale: Validity and reliability of a subjective rating measure. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 55(2), 648–655. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0130)
  • Miller, N. (2013). Measuring up to speech intelligibility. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 48(6), 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12061
  • Neumann, S., Rietz, C., & Stenneken, P. (2017). The German Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS-G): reliability and validity evidence. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 52(5), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12303
  • Shriberg, L. D., Lewis, B. a, Mcsweeny, J. L., & Wilson, D. L. (1997). The Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) Metric: Extensions and Reliability Data. 40, 708–723.
  • World Health Organization. (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health: Children and youth version: ICF-CY. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
  • ASHA (2021). https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/articulation-and-phonology/ adresinden alınmıştır (Erişim tarihi 11.09. 2021).
  • Square, P. A., Namasivayam, A. K., Bose, A., Goshulak, D., & Hayden, D. (2014). Multi-sensory treatment for children with Developmental Motor Speech Disorders. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 49(5), 527–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12083
  • Farquharson, K. (2015), Language or Motor: Reviewing Categorical Etiologies of Speech Sound Disorders, Frontiers in Psychology. Vol 6, article 1708.
  • Namasivayam, A., Pukonen, M., Goshulak, D., Yu, V., Kadis, D., Kroll, R., Pang, e. De Nil, L., (2013). Relationship Between Speech Motor Control and Speech Intelligibility in Children with Speech Sound Disorders, Journal of Communication Disorders, Vol 46, Issue 3, P 264-280.
  • Miller, N. (2013). Measuring up to speech intelligibility. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 48(6), 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12061
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kumar, R. (2015). Şekercioğlu, G. (Ed.) Araştırma yöntemleri-Yeni başlayanlar için adım adım araştırma rehberi. Ankara: Edge Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • McLeod, S., Harrison, L. J., & McCormack, J. (2012). Bağlam İçi Anlaşılabilirlik Ölçeği: Türkçe [Intelligibility in Context Scale: Turkish]. (S. Topbaş, Trans.). Bathurst, NSW, Australia: Charles Sturt University.
  • Topbaş, S. (2005). Sesletim Sesbilgisi Testi El Kitabı. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Kırcaali-İftar, G. & Tekin, E. (1997). Tek Denekli Arastırma Yöntemleri . Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Dernegi Yayınları.
  • Büyüköztürk, S. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (27. baskı., sayfa 32). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Lee, Y. (2019). Validation of the Intelligibility in Context Scale for Korean-speaking pre-school children. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 21(4), 395–403.
  • Lousada, M., Sa-Couto, P., Sutre, D., Figueiredo, C., Fazenda, M., Lousada, M. J., & Valente, A. R. (2019). Validity and reliability of the intelligibility in Context Scale: European Portuguese version. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 33 (12), 1125–1138.
  • Phạm, B., McLeod, S., & Harrison, L. J. (2017). Validation and norming of the Intelligibility in Context Scale in Northern Viet Nam. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 31(7–9), 665– 681.

The Intelligibility in Context Scale: Internal Consistency and Validity

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 22, 29.04.2022

Abstract

The basis of verbal communication is the correct understanding of the speaker's intention by the listener. Intelligibility depends on speaker's age, gender, language/dialect, speech sound disorder, communicative competencies; listener's proximity to the speaker, listener's language/dialect, and communicative competence; task and context. Intelligibility is a product of those interrelated domains. Any breakdowns in these processes or domains bring problems related to intelligibility. Considering language and speech disorders, intelligibility problems are inevitable. Focusing on the dynamic interrelated components that affect intelligibility, it is necessary to look at it from a holistic perspective. World Health Organization (WHO) proposed The International Classification of Health and Functioning (ICF) classification provides holistic conceptual framework. ICF emphasizes the need to evaluate the severity of the individual's speech disorder as well as the impact of this condition on the individual's life (activity and participation) and contextual factors. Purpose: The Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) is a scale that evaluates intelligibility in terms of environmental factors expressed in the ICF. This scale has been translated into Turkish, but no study has been done on its validity and reliability. In this study, the aim was to study the internal consistency and validity of the ICS scale. Method: The study included 26 preschool children with speech sound disorders and their parents. Parents completed the ICS scale. Children participants were administered articulation-phonology test- articulation subtest (SST-SET) and they were divided into groups as mild, moderate, severe and very severe according to their ICS scores. Spontaneous speech was recorded from children and percentage of consonant correct (PCC) was calculated. According to the PCC scores, the participants were divided into 4 groups as mild, mild-moderate, moderate and severe. Normalization of the data was evaluated with the Shapiro Wilk test. The correlation between SST-SET, PCC scores and ICS-PCC scores was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis; the correlation between SST-SET and ICS scores was evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis. The difference between the ICS scores of the SST-SET severity groups was analyzed with Kruskal Wallis, and the difference between the groups was analyzed with the Mann Whitney U test. The difference between PCC severity groups ICS scores was analyzed by ANOVA, and the difference between group pairs were analyzed with Bonferroni correction. ICS internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: It was found that the correlation between SST-SET and PCC was significant, positive and high (r= 0.924; p<0.001); correlation between PCC-ICS was significant, positive and high (r= 0.962; p<0.001); SST-SET and ICS significant, positive and high (r= 0.885; p<.001). There was a significant difference on the ICS scores of the SST-SET groups (p=0.001). This difference was due to the significant difference between all group pairs (p<0.05). A significant difference was found between the ICS scores of the PCC severity groups (p=0.00). There was statistically significant difference between mild vs. mildly moderate (p=<0.05), mild vs. moderate (p<0.001), mild vs. severe (p<0.001), mildly moderate vs. moderate (p=<0.05), mildly moderate vs. severe (p<0.001) groups. CA coefficient was calculated as 0.957 which indicates excellent internal consistency. Conclusion: The Turkish version of ICS is a valid tool with excellent internal consistency that can be used to define/assess intelligibility in Turkish literature.

Project Number

-

References

  • Büyüköztürk, S. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (27. baskı., sayfa 32). Ankara: Pege Akademi.
  • Bademci, V. (2019). Geçerlik: Nedir? Ne değildir? JRES, 6(2), 373-385.
  • Kent, R., Miolo, G., & Bloedel, S. (1994). The Intelligibility of Children’s Speech: A Review of Evaluation Procedures. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 3(2), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0302.81
  • Kilic, S. (2016). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. Journal Of Mood Disorders, 6(1), 47. doi: 10.5455/jmood.20160307122823
  • Lousada, M., Sa-Couto, P., Sutre, D., Figueiredo, C., Fazenda, M., Lousada, M. J., & Valente, A. R. (2019). Validity and reliability of the Intelligibility in Context Scale: European Portuguese version. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 33(12), 1125–1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2019.1589579
  • McLeod, Sharynne, McCormak, J. (2007). Application of the ICF and ICF‐CY to children with speech impairment. Seminars in Speech and Language, 28(4), 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1055/s
  • McLeod, S. (2006). An holistic view of a child with unintelligible speech: Insights from the ICF and ICF-CY. 8(September), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/14417040600824944
  • McLeod, S. (2020). Intelligibility in Context Scale: cross-linguistic use, validity, and reliability. Speech, Language and Hearing, 23(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/2050571X.2020.1718837
  • McLeod, S., Harrison, L. J., & McCormack, J. (2012). The intelligibility in context scale: Validity and reliability of a subjective rating measure. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 55(2), 648–655. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0130)
  • Miller, N. (2013). Measuring up to speech intelligibility. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 48(6), 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12061
  • Neumann, S., Rietz, C., & Stenneken, P. (2017). The German Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS-G): reliability and validity evidence. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 52(5), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12303
  • Shriberg, L. D., Lewis, B. a, Mcsweeny, J. L., & Wilson, D. L. (1997). The Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) Metric: Extensions and Reliability Data. 40, 708–723.
  • World Health Organization. (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health: Children and youth version: ICF-CY. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
  • ASHA (2021). https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/articulation-and-phonology/ adresinden alınmıştır (Erişim tarihi 11.09. 2021).
  • Square, P. A., Namasivayam, A. K., Bose, A., Goshulak, D., & Hayden, D. (2014). Multi-sensory treatment for children with Developmental Motor Speech Disorders. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 49(5), 527–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12083
  • Farquharson, K. (2015), Language or Motor: Reviewing Categorical Etiologies of Speech Sound Disorders, Frontiers in Psychology. Vol 6, article 1708.
  • Namasivayam, A., Pukonen, M., Goshulak, D., Yu, V., Kadis, D., Kroll, R., Pang, e. De Nil, L., (2013). Relationship Between Speech Motor Control and Speech Intelligibility in Children with Speech Sound Disorders, Journal of Communication Disorders, Vol 46, Issue 3, P 264-280.
  • Miller, N. (2013). Measuring up to speech intelligibility. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 48(6), 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12061
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kumar, R. (2015). Şekercioğlu, G. (Ed.) Araştırma yöntemleri-Yeni başlayanlar için adım adım araştırma rehberi. Ankara: Edge Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • McLeod, S., Harrison, L. J., & McCormack, J. (2012). Bağlam İçi Anlaşılabilirlik Ölçeği: Türkçe [Intelligibility in Context Scale: Turkish]. (S. Topbaş, Trans.). Bathurst, NSW, Australia: Charles Sturt University.
  • Topbaş, S. (2005). Sesletim Sesbilgisi Testi El Kitabı. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Kırcaali-İftar, G. & Tekin, E. (1997). Tek Denekli Arastırma Yöntemleri . Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Dernegi Yayınları.
  • Büyüköztürk, S. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (27. baskı., sayfa 32). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Lee, Y. (2019). Validation of the Intelligibility in Context Scale for Korean-speaking pre-school children. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 21(4), 395–403.
  • Lousada, M., Sa-Couto, P., Sutre, D., Figueiredo, C., Fazenda, M., Lousada, M. J., & Valente, A. R. (2019). Validity and reliability of the intelligibility in Context Scale: European Portuguese version. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 33 (12), 1125–1138.
  • Phạm, B., McLeod, S., & Harrison, L. J. (2017). Validation and norming of the Intelligibility in Context Scale in Northern Viet Nam. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 31(7–9), 665– 681.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nida Şanlı

Project Number -
Early Pub Date April 29, 2022
Publication Date April 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şanlı, N. (2022). Bağlam İçi Anlaşılırlık Ölçeği: İç Tutarlılık ve Geçerlik. Dil Konuşma Ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 1-22.