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'Doğa Yasası' Kavramının Tarihsel Sınırlılıkları ve Evrensel Geçerliliği

Year 2020, Issue: 17, 37 - 58, 30.06.2020

Abstract

Bu makalede, doğa yasası kavramının tarihselliği, nesnelliği ve evrenselliği problemleri bilim tarihi ve felsefesi perspektifi temelinde incelenmektedir. Spesifik olarak, doğadaki zorunlulukların yasa metaforuyla ifade edilmesinin ardında yatan felsefî düşüncelerin açığa çıkarılması amaçlanmakta, bu yolla da doğa yasalarının olumsallıkla olan ilişkisinin farklı yönlerinin analizi sunulmaktadır. Makalenin ilk bölümünde orta çağ ile modern dönem arasındaki süreklilikleri inceleyen bilim tarihi araştırmaları tartışılmakta, ikinci bölümünde ise günümüz perspektifinden doğanın yasalılığının felsefî temeli sorgulanmaktadır. Bu anlamda, doğa yasası kavramının evrensel geçerliliğinin önünde, kavramın kendisinden kaynaklanan sınırlılıklar kadar, epistemolojik ve ontolojik engellerin de var olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Epistemolojik engel yasaları ortaya koyan bilimsel kuramların sürekli bir bilgisel genişlemeyle yasa olma durumunu yeni baştan tanımlamaları, ontolojik engel ise yasaların tekabül ettiği sistematik yapıların nihaî anlamda bir evrenselliği işaret etmekten ziyade farklı derecede genelliklerle karakterize olmalarıdır.

References

  • Blachowicz, J. (2013). The constraint interpretation of physical emergence. Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift Für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie, 44(1), 21–40. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42635423
  • Crombie, A. C. (1994). Styles of Scientific Thinking in the European Tradition: The History of Argument and Explanation Especially in the Mathematical and Biomedical Sciences and Arts. London: Duckworth.
  • Descartes, R. (1983). Felsefenin İlkeleri. (M. Akın, Trans.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Funkenstein, A. (1986). Theology and the Scientific Imagination From the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Giere, R. N. (1999). Science Without Laws. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Hall, A. R. (1952). Ballistics in the Seventeenth Century: A Study in the Relations of Science and War with Reference Principally to England. Cambridge: CUP Archive.
  • Henry, J. (2001). Animism and empiricism: Copernican physics and the origins of William Gilbert’s experimental method. Journal of the History of Ideas, 62(1), 99–119.
  • Henry, J. (2004). Metaphysics and the origins of modern science: Descartes and the importance of laws of nature. Early Science and Medicine, 9(2), 73–114.
  • Miller, J. (2003). Spinoza and the concept of a law of nature. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 20(3), 257–276. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27744957
  • Milton, J. R. (1981). The origin and development of the concept of the ‘laws of nature.’ European Journal of Sociology/Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 22(2), 173–195.
  • Milton, J. R. (1998). Laws of nature. In The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy (Vol. 1, pp. 680–701). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mitchell, S. D. (2000). Dimensions of scientific law. Philosophy of Science, 67(2), 242–265. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/188723
  • Needham, J. (1951a). Human Laws and Laws of Nature in China and the West (I). Journal of the History of Ideas, 3–30.
  • Needham, J. (1951b). Human Laws and Laws of Nature in China and the West (II): Chinese Civilization and the laws of Nature. Journal of the History of Ideas, 194–230.
  • Oakley, F. (1961). Christian theology and the Newtonian science: the rise of the concept of the laws of nature. Church History, 30(4), 433–457.
  • Snobelen, S. D. (2012). The myth of the clockwork universe: Newton, Newtonianism, and the Enlightenment. In C. L. Firestone & N. Jacobs (Eds.), The Persistence of the Sacred in Modern Thought (pp. 149–184). University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Steinle, F. (1995). The amalgamation of a concept - Laws of nature in the new sciences. In Laws of nature: Essays on the philosophical, scientific and historical dimensions (pp. 316–368). de Gruyter.
  • Zilsel, E. (1941). The origins of William Gilbert’s experimental method. Journal of History of Ideas, 2, 1–32.
  • Zilsel, E. (1942). The genesis of the concept of physical law. The Philosophical Review, 51(3), 245–279.
Year 2020, Issue: 17, 37 - 58, 30.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • Blachowicz, J. (2013). The constraint interpretation of physical emergence. Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift Für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie, 44(1), 21–40. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42635423
  • Crombie, A. C. (1994). Styles of Scientific Thinking in the European Tradition: The History of Argument and Explanation Especially in the Mathematical and Biomedical Sciences and Arts. London: Duckworth.
  • Descartes, R. (1983). Felsefenin İlkeleri. (M. Akın, Trans.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Funkenstein, A. (1986). Theology and the Scientific Imagination From the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Giere, R. N. (1999). Science Without Laws. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Hall, A. R. (1952). Ballistics in the Seventeenth Century: A Study in the Relations of Science and War with Reference Principally to England. Cambridge: CUP Archive.
  • Henry, J. (2001). Animism and empiricism: Copernican physics and the origins of William Gilbert’s experimental method. Journal of the History of Ideas, 62(1), 99–119.
  • Henry, J. (2004). Metaphysics and the origins of modern science: Descartes and the importance of laws of nature. Early Science and Medicine, 9(2), 73–114.
  • Miller, J. (2003). Spinoza and the concept of a law of nature. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 20(3), 257–276. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27744957
  • Milton, J. R. (1981). The origin and development of the concept of the ‘laws of nature.’ European Journal of Sociology/Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 22(2), 173–195.
  • Milton, J. R. (1998). Laws of nature. In The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy (Vol. 1, pp. 680–701). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mitchell, S. D. (2000). Dimensions of scientific law. Philosophy of Science, 67(2), 242–265. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/188723
  • Needham, J. (1951a). Human Laws and Laws of Nature in China and the West (I). Journal of the History of Ideas, 3–30.
  • Needham, J. (1951b). Human Laws and Laws of Nature in China and the West (II): Chinese Civilization and the laws of Nature. Journal of the History of Ideas, 194–230.
  • Oakley, F. (1961). Christian theology and the Newtonian science: the rise of the concept of the laws of nature. Church History, 30(4), 433–457.
  • Snobelen, S. D. (2012). The myth of the clockwork universe: Newton, Newtonianism, and the Enlightenment. In C. L. Firestone & N. Jacobs (Eds.), The Persistence of the Sacred in Modern Thought (pp. 149–184). University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Steinle, F. (1995). The amalgamation of a concept - Laws of nature in the new sciences. In Laws of nature: Essays on the philosophical, scientific and historical dimensions (pp. 316–368). de Gruyter.
  • Zilsel, E. (1941). The origins of William Gilbert’s experimental method. Journal of History of Ideas, 2, 1–32.
  • Zilsel, E. (1942). The genesis of the concept of physical law. The Philosophical Review, 51(3), 245–279.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Çağlar Karaca 0000-0002-4059-6916

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Submission Date December 11, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 17

Cite

APA Karaca, Ç. (2020). ’Doğa Yasası’ Kavramının Tarihsel Sınırlılıkları ve Evrensel Geçerliliği. Dört Öge(17), 37-58.