Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Madness and Psychiatry: Epistemological Conflicts and Power Relations in Historiography

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 27, 29 - 43, 27.06.2025

Öz

The existence of an unnamed tension between the efforts to write the history of madness as a historical and social category and the ‘history of psychiatry’ with its own programmatic and pragmatic agenda has become more apparent in various periods. Especially from the early nineteenth century onwards, the claim that medicalized madness is an issue that can be addressed entirely under the supervision of psychiatry is expressed in symbolic forms. While the belief that if a history of madness is to be written, this can only be possible with the history of medicine and psychiatry that has made it an object of study is dominant in the field, there are, of course, many studies outside the field of medicine that have written on the subject. On the other hand, psychiatry, which seems quite fond of its history, also experienced a fundamental debate regarding historiography within itself during this period, corresponding to the institutionalization process. Whether there is a linear and cumulative connection or a break between ancient medical knowledge and practices and modern psychiatry is at stake. In this study, on the one hand, an attempt will be made to question the possibility of writing about the history of madness within its conditions of existence on an epistemological basis. On the other hand, the impasses of psychiatry that construct this history within its hegemonic boundaries will be addressed.

Kaynakça

  • Bacopoulos-Viau, A. & Fauvel, A. (2016). The Patient’s Turn Roy Porter and Psychiatry’s Tales, Thirty Years on. Medical History, 60 (1), 1-18.
  • Bell, D. A. (2014). “Foreword,” The Man Who Thought He Was Napoleon içinde, University of Chicago Press.
  • Berrios, G. E. & Marková, I. S. (2017). The Epistemology and Classification of ‘Madness’ Since The Eighteenth Century. The Routledge History of Madness and Mental Health içinde (s. 115-134), Routledge.
  • Berrios, G. E. & Schioldann, J. (2019). “Classic Text No. 120 ‘Insanity in Classical Antiquity’ by JL Heiberg (1913),”History of Psychiatry, 30(4): 489-505.
  • Borch-Jacobsen, M. (2001). Making Psychiatric History: Madness As Folie À Plusieurs. History of The Human Sciences, 14(2), 19-38.
  • Burgess, J. (1858). The Medical and Legal Relations of Madness: Showing a Cellular Theory of Mind, and of Nerve Force, and Also of Vegetative Vital Force. J. Churchill.
  • Bynum, W. F., Porter, R., Shepherd, M. (2004). “Introduction,” The Anatomy of Madness: Essays in the History of Psychiatry (Vol. 3) içinde, Bynum, W. F., Porter, R., Shepherd, M. (Ed). New York: Routledge.
  • Cousin, F. R. (1999). “Joseph Daquin (1732-1815),” Anthology of French Language Psychiatric Texts içinde, (Çev. John Crisp). Le Plessis-Robinson.
  • Craig, L. A. (2014). The History of Madness and Mental Illness in the Middle Ages: Directions and Questions. History Compass, 12(9), 729-744.
  • Daquin, J. (1804). La Philosophie de la Folie. De I’Imprimerie de P. Cleaz, rue Vérité, Chambéry.
  • Dodds, E. R. (1951). The Greeks and the Irrational. University of California Press.
  • Earle, W. J. (2007). Pleasure and Provocation: Reaction‐Shots to Michel Foucault’s History of Madness. The Philosophical Forum (Cilt. 38, No. 3, s. 309-324). Malden: Blackwell Publishing Inc.
  • Foucault, M. (2006). History of Madness. J. Khalfa (Ed.), Çev., J. Murphy, J. Khalfa. New York: Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (2009). Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-78, (Çev. G. Burchell). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gutting, G. (2005). Foucault: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Horwitz, A. V. (2020). Between Sanity and Madness: Mental Illness from Ancient Greece to the Neuroscientific Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Mora, G. (1965). “The Historiography of Psychiatry and its Development: A Reevaluation,” Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 43–52.
  • Murat, L. (2014). “The Man Who Thought He Was Napoleon,” The Man Who Thought He Was Napoleon içinde, (Çev. D. Dusinberre). University of Chicago Press.

Delilik ve Psikiyatri: Tarihyazımında Epistemolojik Çatışmalar ve İktidar İlişkileri

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 27, 29 - 43, 27.06.2025

Öz

Tarihsel ve toplumsal bir kategori olarak deliliğin tarihini yazmaya ilişkin çabalar ile kendine özgü programatik ve pragmatik gündemiyle ‘psikiyatri tarihi’ arasında adı konulmamış bir gerilimin varlığı çeşitli dönemlerde daha belirgin hâle gelmiştir. Özellikle on dokuzuncu yüzyılın başlarından itibaren, tıbbileştirilen deliliğin bütünüyle psikiyatrinin gözetiminde ele alınabilecek bir mesele olduğu iddiası sembolik biçimlerde dile getirilir. Eğer deliliğin bir tarihi yazılacaksa, bunun ancak onu inceleme nesnesi konumuna getiren tıbbın ve psikiyatrinin tarihi ile mümkün olacağı yönündeki inanç alanda baskın olurken elbette tıp alanı dışında da konu hakkında kalem oynatan bir çok çalışma mevcuttur. Öte yandan, kendi tarihine oldukça düşkün görünen psikiyatri de kurumsallaşma sürecine tekabül eden bu zaman diliminde tarihyazımına ilişkin temel bir tartışmayı kendi içinde yaşar. Antik hekimlik bilgisi ve pratikleri ile modern psikiyatri arasında çizgisel ve birikimli bir irtibat mı yoksa kopuş mu olduğu sorunu söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada, bir yandan deliliğin tarihinin kendi varoluş koşulları içinde yazılmasının imkanları epistemolojik temelde sorgulanmaya çalışılırken, diğer yandan bu tarihi kendi hegemonik sınırlarında kuran psikiyatrinin çıkmazları ele alınacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Bacopoulos-Viau, A. & Fauvel, A. (2016). The Patient’s Turn Roy Porter and Psychiatry’s Tales, Thirty Years on. Medical History, 60 (1), 1-18.
  • Bell, D. A. (2014). “Foreword,” The Man Who Thought He Was Napoleon içinde, University of Chicago Press.
  • Berrios, G. E. & Marková, I. S. (2017). The Epistemology and Classification of ‘Madness’ Since The Eighteenth Century. The Routledge History of Madness and Mental Health içinde (s. 115-134), Routledge.
  • Berrios, G. E. & Schioldann, J. (2019). “Classic Text No. 120 ‘Insanity in Classical Antiquity’ by JL Heiberg (1913),”History of Psychiatry, 30(4): 489-505.
  • Borch-Jacobsen, M. (2001). Making Psychiatric History: Madness As Folie À Plusieurs. History of The Human Sciences, 14(2), 19-38.
  • Burgess, J. (1858). The Medical and Legal Relations of Madness: Showing a Cellular Theory of Mind, and of Nerve Force, and Also of Vegetative Vital Force. J. Churchill.
  • Bynum, W. F., Porter, R., Shepherd, M. (2004). “Introduction,” The Anatomy of Madness: Essays in the History of Psychiatry (Vol. 3) içinde, Bynum, W. F., Porter, R., Shepherd, M. (Ed). New York: Routledge.
  • Cousin, F. R. (1999). “Joseph Daquin (1732-1815),” Anthology of French Language Psychiatric Texts içinde, (Çev. John Crisp). Le Plessis-Robinson.
  • Craig, L. A. (2014). The History of Madness and Mental Illness in the Middle Ages: Directions and Questions. History Compass, 12(9), 729-744.
  • Daquin, J. (1804). La Philosophie de la Folie. De I’Imprimerie de P. Cleaz, rue Vérité, Chambéry.
  • Dodds, E. R. (1951). The Greeks and the Irrational. University of California Press.
  • Earle, W. J. (2007). Pleasure and Provocation: Reaction‐Shots to Michel Foucault’s History of Madness. The Philosophical Forum (Cilt. 38, No. 3, s. 309-324). Malden: Blackwell Publishing Inc.
  • Foucault, M. (2006). History of Madness. J. Khalfa (Ed.), Çev., J. Murphy, J. Khalfa. New York: Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (2009). Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-78, (Çev. G. Burchell). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gutting, G. (2005). Foucault: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Horwitz, A. V. (2020). Between Sanity and Madness: Mental Illness from Ancient Greece to the Neuroscientific Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Mora, G. (1965). “The Historiography of Psychiatry and its Development: A Reevaluation,” Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 43–52.
  • Murat, L. (2014). “The Man Who Thought He Was Napoleon,” The Man Who Thought He Was Napoleon içinde, (Çev. D. Dusinberre). University of Chicago Press.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bilim Tarihi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Balkır Uysal 0000-0003-0684-002X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 27

Kaynak Göster

APA Uysal, B. (2025). Delilik ve Psikiyatri: Tarihyazımında Epistemolojik Çatışmalar ve İktidar İlişkileri. Dört Öge(27), 29-43.