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İNTERNETİN ULUSLARARASI TİCARET ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2009, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 175 - 187, 01.07.2009

Abstract

İnternetin uluslararası ticaret üzerindeki etkileri Türkiye’nin de aralarında bulunduğu 30 OECD ülkesi için analiz edilmiştir. Bu amaçla, ülkelerin host ve internet kullanıcı sayıları internetin bir göstergesi olarak ele alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde genelleştirilmiş çekim modeli ve panel veri yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; incelenen dönemlerde ülkelerin büyüklüğünü gösteren gayri safi yurtiçi hâsılanın, uluslararası ticaretin önemli bir belirleyicisi olduğu ve ülkeler arasındaki ticareti olumlu etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, internetin uluslararası ticaret üzerindeki etkisi anlamlı ve pozitif olarak bulunmuştur. Şöyle ki, ihracatçı ülkelerin host ve internet kullanıcı sayılarındaki %10’luk bir artış, bu ülkelerin uluslararası ticaretini sırasıyla %1.6 ve %6.8 oranlarında arttırmaktadır. Bu sonuç, uluslararası ticareti artırmak isteyen politika uygulayıcılarına, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini geliştirmeleri gerektiğini göstermektedir.

References

  • ANDERSON, J.E. (1979). A theoretical foundation for the gravity equation. American Economic Review, 69 (1), 106-116. ss.
  • ANDERSON, J.E., WINCOOP, E. van (2001). Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle. NBER Working Paper, No. 8079.
  • BERGSTRAND, J. (1985). The gravity equation in international trade: Some microeconomic foundations and empirical evidence. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 67(3), 474-481. ss.
  • BERGSTRAND, J. (1989). The generalized gravity equation, monopolistic competition and the factor-proportions theory in international trade. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71(1), 143-153. ss.
  • CLARKE, G.R.G., WALLSTEN, S.J. (2006). Has the internet increased trade? Developed and developing country evidence. Economic Inquiry, 44, 465-484. ss.
  • CLARKE, G.R.G. (2008). Has the internet increased exports for firms from low and middle-income countries? Information Economics and Policy, 20, 16-37. ss.
  • DEARDORFF, A.V. (1995). Determinants of bilateral trade: Does gravity work in a neoclassical world? NBER Working Paper, No. 5377.
  • FREUND, C., WEINHOLD, D. (2000a). On the effect of the internet on international trade. International Finance Discussion Papers, No. 693. [Erişim adresi]: <http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/2000/693/ifdb693.pdf>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • FREUND, C., WEINHOLD, D. (2000b). An empirical investigation of the internet and international trade: The case of Bolivia. [Erişim adresi]: <http://www.iisec.ucb.edu.bo/papers/1991-2000/iisec-dt-2000-05.pdf>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • FREUND, C., WEINHOLD, D. (2004). The effect of the internet on international trade. Journal of International Economics, 62, 171-189. ss.
  • HELPMAN, E., KRUGMAN, P. R. (1985). Market structure and foreign trade: Increasing returns, imperfect competition, and the International Economy, The MIT Press, Cambridge, London.
  • IMF, Direction of Trade Statistics, [Erişim adresi]: <http://www.imfstatistics. org/dot>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • ISC, Internet Systems Consortium, [Erişim adresi]: <http://www.isc.org/index.pl>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • LINNEMANN, H. (1966). An econometric study of international trade flows, North Holland, Amsterdam.
  • PÖYHÖNEN, P. (1963). A tentative model for the flows of trade between countries. Weltwirtschatftliches Archiv, 90, 93-99. ss.
  • ROJID, S. (2006). COMESA trade potential: A gravity approach. Applied Economics Letters, 13, 947-951. ss.
  • TINBERGEN, J. (1962). Shaping the world economy: Suggestions for an international economic policy. New York, Twentieth Century Fund.
  • WDI, World Bank Development Indicators, [Erişim adresi]: <www.worldbank.org/data>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • ZARZOSO, I.M., LEHMANN, F.N. (2003). Augmented gravity model: An empirical application to Mercosur-European Union trade flows. Journal of Applied Economics, 6(2), 291-316. ss.

THE EFFECT OF THE INTERNET ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE: THE CASE OF OECD COUNTRIES

Year 2009, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 175 - 187, 01.07.2009

Abstract

This study deals with the effects of the internet on international trade for 30 OECD countries including Turkey. For this purpose, Countries’ host and internet user numbers were taken into account as a proxy of internet. Augmented gravity model and panel data analysis were used for evaluation of data. According to the results; it was found that gross domestic products, indicating countries’ size is an important determinant of international trade and it affects the trade between countries in a positive way. Moreover, the effect of internet on international trade was found positive and significant. Likewise, a 10 % increase of host and internet users in exporter countries increases their international trade 1.6 % and 6.8 % respectively. This result shows that a policy maker who wants to increase the international trade is to develop information and communication technologies

References

  • ANDERSON, J.E. (1979). A theoretical foundation for the gravity equation. American Economic Review, 69 (1), 106-116. ss.
  • ANDERSON, J.E., WINCOOP, E. van (2001). Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle. NBER Working Paper, No. 8079.
  • BERGSTRAND, J. (1985). The gravity equation in international trade: Some microeconomic foundations and empirical evidence. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 67(3), 474-481. ss.
  • BERGSTRAND, J. (1989). The generalized gravity equation, monopolistic competition and the factor-proportions theory in international trade. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71(1), 143-153. ss.
  • CLARKE, G.R.G., WALLSTEN, S.J. (2006). Has the internet increased trade? Developed and developing country evidence. Economic Inquiry, 44, 465-484. ss.
  • CLARKE, G.R.G. (2008). Has the internet increased exports for firms from low and middle-income countries? Information Economics and Policy, 20, 16-37. ss.
  • DEARDORFF, A.V. (1995). Determinants of bilateral trade: Does gravity work in a neoclassical world? NBER Working Paper, No. 5377.
  • FREUND, C., WEINHOLD, D. (2000a). On the effect of the internet on international trade. International Finance Discussion Papers, No. 693. [Erişim adresi]: <http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/2000/693/ifdb693.pdf>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • FREUND, C., WEINHOLD, D. (2000b). An empirical investigation of the internet and international trade: The case of Bolivia. [Erişim adresi]: <http://www.iisec.ucb.edu.bo/papers/1991-2000/iisec-dt-2000-05.pdf>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • FREUND, C., WEINHOLD, D. (2004). The effect of the internet on international trade. Journal of International Economics, 62, 171-189. ss.
  • HELPMAN, E., KRUGMAN, P. R. (1985). Market structure and foreign trade: Increasing returns, imperfect competition, and the International Economy, The MIT Press, Cambridge, London.
  • IMF, Direction of Trade Statistics, [Erişim adresi]: <http://www.imfstatistics. org/dot>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • ISC, Internet Systems Consortium, [Erişim adresi]: <http://www.isc.org/index.pl>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • LINNEMANN, H. (1966). An econometric study of international trade flows, North Holland, Amsterdam.
  • PÖYHÖNEN, P. (1963). A tentative model for the flows of trade between countries. Weltwirtschatftliches Archiv, 90, 93-99. ss.
  • ROJID, S. (2006). COMESA trade potential: A gravity approach. Applied Economics Letters, 13, 947-951. ss.
  • TINBERGEN, J. (1962). Shaping the world economy: Suggestions for an international economic policy. New York, Twentieth Century Fund.
  • WDI, World Bank Development Indicators, [Erişim adresi]: <www.worldbank.org/data>, [Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2008].
  • ZARZOSO, I.M., LEHMANN, F.N. (2003). Augmented gravity model: An empirical application to Mercosur-European Union trade flows. Journal of Applied Economics, 6(2), 291-316. ss.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seyfettin Artan This is me

Cemalettin Kalaycı This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Artan, S., & Kalaycı, C. (2009). İNTERNETİN ULUSLARARASI TİCARET ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(2), 175-187.