The Growing Importance of Cities Form the Perspectives of International Relations and International Law

Abstract

Cities become more and more popular in the international politics in recent years. With the help of the globalization process, the Westphalian international system and the position of the nation-state in world politics have become problematic. As a result of this situation, political structures such NGO’s, multinational companies, international organizations also try to confirm their international actor’s status. Cities with more bureaucratic and administrative structures and institutions compared to these structures mentioned above, are also attempting to be accepted as international actors. However, the fact that cities are not accepted as subjects by international law emerges as a serious problem and cities take initiatives to overcome this situation. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the change of cities, especially accelerated by the Globalization process. In this context, a descriptive and chronological method was used while revealing the study. A chronological method was used in the study, but the scope of the study was tried to be limited to the 1990s and the following period. The result obtained from the study is that the international system is in the transformation process due to new paradigms. This change imposes the inclusion of new actors in the system.

Keywords

• Mega Cities
• Global Cities
• International Law
• Globalization
• Internatonal Relations System

Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Uluslararası Hukuk Perpektifinden Şehirlerin Artan Önemi

Abstract

Şehirler, son yıllarda, uluslararası siyasi alanda her geçen gün daha fazla ön plana çıkmaktadır. Küreselleşme sürecinin de yardımıyla, geleneksel Westphalia uluslararası sistemi ve ulus devletinin dünya siyasetindeki yeri sorgulanır hale gelmiştir. Bu durumun sonucunda sivil toplum örgütleri, çokuluslu şirketler, uluslararası örgütler ve organizasyonlar gibi siyasi yapılar da uluslararası sisteme katılmaya ve kendilerinin uluslararası aktör olarak kabulü için çalışmaktadırlar. Bu sayılan yapılara göre daha fazla bürokratik ve idari yapılanması ve kurumları olan şehirler de uluslararası aktör olarak kabul görmek için girişimlerde bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu noktada, şehirlerin uluslararası hukuk tarafından süje olarak kabul edilmemesi ciddi bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır ve şehirler bu durumun üstesinden gelebilmek için girişimlerde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı da şehirlerin, özellikle küreselleşme süreci ile hızlanan değişimini analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda çalışmayı ortaya çıkarırken tanımlayıcı ve kronolojik bir yöntem kullanılmıştır ancak çalışmanın kapsamı 1990’lı yıllar ve takip eden dönemle sınırlandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuç uluslararası sistemin yeni paradigmalar sebebiyle bir değişim ve dönüşüm içerisinde olduğudur. Bu değişim sisteme yeni aktörlerin dâhil olmasını dayatmaktadır. Şehirler de bu yeni aktörlerden biridir.

Keywords

• Mega Şehir
• Küresel Şehirler
• Küreselleşme
• Uluslararası Hukuk
• Uluslararası Sistem

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