The Mediatory Role of Impression Management Tactics in the Effect of Employees’ Organizational Justice Perceptions on Their Social Loafing Behaviors
Year 2024,
, 171 - 191, 24.10.2024
Seda Mumlu Karanfil
,
Sarp Guneri
Abstract
Organizational justice refers to individuals’ sense of justice regarding the organization and the behaviors resulting from this feeling. It is known that organizational justice causes some negative consequences in businesses. One of these negative consequences is social loafing. Social loafing occurs when individuals knowingly perform at a lower level than their potential and their performance in group work for various reasons. Sometimes, knowingly and sometimes unknowingly, employees can hide their loafing behavior with actions and related tactics to manage the impression they give. This study was conducted to investigate to what extent individuals’ perceptions of organizational justice affect their social loafing behaviors and whether the impression management tactics used by employees to manage the impression they create on other members have a mediating role in this effect. The study was tested with data obtained through convenience sampling from 226 white-collar workers working in Istanbul. In the study, significant and negative relationships were found between the perception of organizational justice and social loafing, and positive and significant relationships between impression management and social loafing. Findings reveal that the perception of organizational justice has a negative effect on social loafing, and organizational justice does not have a significant effect on impression management tactics. Finally, the study concluded that impression management differs significantly according to gender, and social loafing varies significantly according to age and education level.
References
- Akgül, A. ve Çevik, O. (2005). SPSS’te işletme yönetimi uygulamaları. Ankara: Emek Ofset.
- Al-Zu’Bi, H.A. (2010). A study of relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 102-109.
- Awee, A., Raman, G., Mohsin, F.H., Maludin, N. ve Tazilah, M.D. (2024). Effects of organizational justice on social loafing: the mediating role of felt obligation. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business, 12(1), 43-64.
- Basım, H. N., Tatar, İ. ve Şahin, N.H. (2006b). Çalışma yaşamında izlenim yönetimi: bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 9(18), 1-17.
- Bingöl, D., Yaşin, T. ve Dalmış, A. B. (2022). Kamu kurumu çalışanlarında izlenim yönetimi stratejilerinin sosyal kaytarma üzerine etkisi. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 57(3), 1611-1622.
- Bluhm, D. (2009), Adaptive consequences of social loafing. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1, 1-6.
- Bolino, M. ve Turnley, W. (1999), Measuring impression management in organizations: a scale development based on the Jones and Pittman taxonomy. Organizational Research Methods, 2(2), 187-206.
- Bolino, M., Long D. ve Turnley W. (2016). Impression management in organizations: critical questions, answers, and areas for future research. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3, 377-406.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (Handbook of Data Analysis for Social Sciences). Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
- Colquitt, J.A. (2001). Justice at the millennium: a meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 26(3), 425-445.
- Çeçen, A. (2020). Adalet kavramı (5. Baskı), Ankara: Astana Yayınları.
- Fornell, C., ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
- Gaur, A. ve Gaur: (2009). Statistical methods for practice and research. (2nd Ed.). New Delhi, India: Response Books.
- Gilmore, D.C, Stevens, C.K., Harrell-Cook, G. ve Ferris, G.R. (1999). Impression management tactics. In R.W. Eder ve M.M. Harris (Ed.), The employment interview handbook (pp. 321-336), Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Sage Publications.
- Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. ve Sarstedt. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLSSEM). Thousand Oaks, California, USA: SAGE Publications.
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, Conditional, and Moderated Mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4-40.
- Jackson, J.M. ve Williams, K.D. (1985). Social loafing on difficult tasks: working collectively can improve performance, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(4), 937-942.
- Jones, E.E. ve Pittman, T. (1982). Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation. In J. Suls (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self (pp. 231-262). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). SPSS Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri, Ankara: Asil Yayınevi.
- Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London: Routledge.
- Köksal, K. (2020). Algılanan sosyal kaytarmanın örgütsel adalete etkisi: politik davranışın düzenleyici rolü. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(3), 1750-1761.
- Latane, B., Williams, K. ve Harkins: (1979). Many hands make light the work: the causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(6), 822-832.
- Leary, M.R. ve Kowalski, R.M. (1990). Impression management: a literature review and two-component model. Psychology Bulletin, 107(1), 34-47.
- Leary, M.R. (1995). Self-Presentation: impression management and interpersonal behavior, Wisconsin: Madison, Brown and Benchmark.
- Liden, R.C., Wayne:J., Jaworski, R.A. ve Bennett, N. (2004). Social loafing: a field investigation. Journal of Management, 30(2), 285-304.
- Long, D.M., Baer, M.D., Colquitt, J.A., Outlaw, R. ve Dhensa-Kahlon, R.K. (2014). What will the boss think? The impression management implications of supportive relationships with star and project peers. Personnel Psychology, 68(3), 463-498.
- Malhotra, N.K., Kim:S. ve Patil, A. (2006). Common method variance in is research: a comparison of alternative approaches and a reanalysis of past research. Management Science, 52(12), 1865- 1883.
- Mulvey, P.W., Bowes-Sperry, L. ve Klein, H.J. (1998). The effects of perceived loafing and defensive impression management on group effectiveness. Small Group Research, 29(3), 394-416.
- Murphy:M., Wayne:J. ve Erdoğan, B. (2003). Understanding social loafing: the role of justice perceptions and exchange relationships. Human Relations, 56(1), 61-85.
- Nadiri, H. ve Tanova, C. (2010). An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 33-41.
- Pakpahan, M., Eliyana, A., Hamidah, Buchdadi, A.D. ve Bayuwati T.R. (2020). The role of organizational justice dimensions: enhancing work engagement and employee performance. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(9), 323-332.
- Petty, R. E., Harkins: G., Williams, K. D. ve Latane, B. (1977). The effects of group size on cognitive effort and evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 3(4), 579-582.
- Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie: B., Lee, J. Y. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
- Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management: the self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relations, Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole.
- Schneider, D.J. (1981). Impression management theory and social psychological research. In J.T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Tactical self-presentations: toward a broader conception (pp. 23-40). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Academic Press.
- Sezer, U., Kocaekşi:, Ektirici, A., Aygün, C. ve Özcan, T. (2021). Algılanan sosyal kaytarma ölçeği – Türkçe formu: genç ve yetişkin sporcu örnekleminde geçerlik ve güvenirliğin incelenmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 41(3), 899-926.
- Siddiqui, K. (2013). Heuristics for Sample Size Determination in Multivariate Statistical Techniques. World Applied Sciences Journal, 27(2), 285-287.
- Simms, A. ve Nichols, T. (2014). Social loafing: a review of the literature. Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 15(1), 58-67.
- Sipahi, B., Yurtkoru, E.S. ve Çinko, M. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS’le veri analizi, İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
- Srivastava, U.R. (2015). Multiple dimensions of organizational justice and work-related outcomes among health-care professionals. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5(11), 666-685.
- Özmen, T.Ö., Arbak, Y. ve Özer, P.S. (2007). Adalete verilen değerin adalet algıları üzerindeki etkisinin sorgulanmasına ilişkin bir araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 7(1), 17-33.
- Tar-Ol, N. ve Drukman, D. (2010). Third-person perception as an impression management tactic. Media Psychology, 13(3), 301-322.
- Wayne:J. ve Ferris, G.R. (1990). Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: a laboratory experiment and field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(5), 487-499.
- Williams, K., Harkins: ve Latane, B. (1981). Identifiability as a deterrent to social loafing: two cheering experiments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(2), 303-311.
- Yavaş, A. (2020). Beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin ve örgütsel adalet algısının sosyal kaytarma davranışı üzerindeki etkisi. Management and Political Sciences Review, 2(1), 89-116.
- Yean, T.F. ve Yusuf, A.A. (2016). Organizational justice: a conceptual discussion. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 798-803.
- Yıldırım, G. ve Zehir, C. (2015). The effect of organizational justice perception of employees on individual and firm performance in transformational leadership context. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 2(9), 51-63.
- Yıldız, M. L., İşçi, E. ve Taşçı: (2016). İzlenim yönetimi taktiklerinin sosyal kaytarma üzerine etkisi: sağlık sektöründe bir araştırma, İstanbul Kemerburgaz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 103-120.
Çalışanların Örgütsel Adalet Algılarının, Sosyal Kaytarma Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisinde İzlenim Yönetimi Taktiklerinin Aracı Rolü
Year 2024,
, 171 - 191, 24.10.2024
Seda Mumlu Karanfil
,
Sarp Guneri
Abstract
Örgütsel adalet, bireylerde örgütle ilgili oluşan adalet duygusu ve bu duygudan kaynaklanan davranışları ifade etmektedir. Örgütsel adaletin işletmelerde bazı olumsuz sonuçlara neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu olumsuz sonuçlardan biri sosyal kaytarmadır. Sosyal kaytarma, grup çalışmalarında bireylerin çeşitli nedenlerle kendi potansiyellerinden ve bireysel olarak gösterebilecekleri performanstan daha düşük bir seviyeyi bilerek ortaya koymalarıdır. Çalışanlar bazen bilerek, bazen de bilmeden verdikleri izlenimi yönetmeye yönelik aksiyonları ve bununla ilgili taktikler ile kaytarma davranışlarını gizleyebilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, bireylerin örgütsel adalet algılarının sosyal kaytarma davranışlarına ne derecede etkide bulunduğu ve bu etkide çalışanların diğer üyeleri üzerinde yarattıkları izlenimi yönetmek için kullandıkları izlenim yönetimi taktiklerinin aracı rolünün olup olmadığının araştırılması amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma, İstanbul’da çalışan beyaz yakalı 226 kişiden kolayda örnekleme yoluyla elde edilen verilerle test edilmiştir. Araştırmada, örgütsel adalet algısı ile sosyal kaytarma arasında anlamlı ve negatif, izlenim yönetimi ile sosyal kaytarma arasında pozitif anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Örgütsel adalet algısının sosyal kaytarma üzerinde negatif etkisi olduğu, örgütsel adaletin izlenim yönetimi taktikleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak izlenim yönetiminin cinsiyete göre, sosyal kaytarmanın yaşa ve eğitim durumuna göre anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Ethical Statement
Yazarlar bu çalışmayı gerçekleştirirken etik ilkelere uygun davranmışlardır.
Thanks
Sayın hocam,
Emekleriniz için teşekkürler.
References
- Akgül, A. ve Çevik, O. (2005). SPSS’te işletme yönetimi uygulamaları. Ankara: Emek Ofset.
- Al-Zu’Bi, H.A. (2010). A study of relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 102-109.
- Awee, A., Raman, G., Mohsin, F.H., Maludin, N. ve Tazilah, M.D. (2024). Effects of organizational justice on social loafing: the mediating role of felt obligation. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business, 12(1), 43-64.
- Basım, H. N., Tatar, İ. ve Şahin, N.H. (2006b). Çalışma yaşamında izlenim yönetimi: bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 9(18), 1-17.
- Bingöl, D., Yaşin, T. ve Dalmış, A. B. (2022). Kamu kurumu çalışanlarında izlenim yönetimi stratejilerinin sosyal kaytarma üzerine etkisi. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 57(3), 1611-1622.
- Bluhm, D. (2009), Adaptive consequences of social loafing. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1, 1-6.
- Bolino, M. ve Turnley, W. (1999), Measuring impression management in organizations: a scale development based on the Jones and Pittman taxonomy. Organizational Research Methods, 2(2), 187-206.
- Bolino, M., Long D. ve Turnley W. (2016). Impression management in organizations: critical questions, answers, and areas for future research. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3, 377-406.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (Handbook of Data Analysis for Social Sciences). Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
- Colquitt, J.A. (2001). Justice at the millennium: a meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 26(3), 425-445.
- Çeçen, A. (2020). Adalet kavramı (5. Baskı), Ankara: Astana Yayınları.
- Fornell, C., ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
- Gaur, A. ve Gaur: (2009). Statistical methods for practice and research. (2nd Ed.). New Delhi, India: Response Books.
- Gilmore, D.C, Stevens, C.K., Harrell-Cook, G. ve Ferris, G.R. (1999). Impression management tactics. In R.W. Eder ve M.M. Harris (Ed.), The employment interview handbook (pp. 321-336), Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Sage Publications.
- Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. ve Sarstedt. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLSSEM). Thousand Oaks, California, USA: SAGE Publications.
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, Conditional, and Moderated Mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4-40.
- Jackson, J.M. ve Williams, K.D. (1985). Social loafing on difficult tasks: working collectively can improve performance, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(4), 937-942.
- Jones, E.E. ve Pittman, T. (1982). Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation. In J. Suls (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self (pp. 231-262). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). SPSS Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri, Ankara: Asil Yayınevi.
- Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London: Routledge.
- Köksal, K. (2020). Algılanan sosyal kaytarmanın örgütsel adalete etkisi: politik davranışın düzenleyici rolü. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(3), 1750-1761.
- Latane, B., Williams, K. ve Harkins: (1979). Many hands make light the work: the causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(6), 822-832.
- Leary, M.R. ve Kowalski, R.M. (1990). Impression management: a literature review and two-component model. Psychology Bulletin, 107(1), 34-47.
- Leary, M.R. (1995). Self-Presentation: impression management and interpersonal behavior, Wisconsin: Madison, Brown and Benchmark.
- Liden, R.C., Wayne:J., Jaworski, R.A. ve Bennett, N. (2004). Social loafing: a field investigation. Journal of Management, 30(2), 285-304.
- Long, D.M., Baer, M.D., Colquitt, J.A., Outlaw, R. ve Dhensa-Kahlon, R.K. (2014). What will the boss think? The impression management implications of supportive relationships with star and project peers. Personnel Psychology, 68(3), 463-498.
- Malhotra, N.K., Kim:S. ve Patil, A. (2006). Common method variance in is research: a comparison of alternative approaches and a reanalysis of past research. Management Science, 52(12), 1865- 1883.
- Mulvey, P.W., Bowes-Sperry, L. ve Klein, H.J. (1998). The effects of perceived loafing and defensive impression management on group effectiveness. Small Group Research, 29(3), 394-416.
- Murphy:M., Wayne:J. ve Erdoğan, B. (2003). Understanding social loafing: the role of justice perceptions and exchange relationships. Human Relations, 56(1), 61-85.
- Nadiri, H. ve Tanova, C. (2010). An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 33-41.
- Pakpahan, M., Eliyana, A., Hamidah, Buchdadi, A.D. ve Bayuwati T.R. (2020). The role of organizational justice dimensions: enhancing work engagement and employee performance. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(9), 323-332.
- Petty, R. E., Harkins: G., Williams, K. D. ve Latane, B. (1977). The effects of group size on cognitive effort and evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 3(4), 579-582.
- Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie: B., Lee, J. Y. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
- Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management: the self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relations, Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole.
- Schneider, D.J. (1981). Impression management theory and social psychological research. In J.T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Tactical self-presentations: toward a broader conception (pp. 23-40). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Academic Press.
- Sezer, U., Kocaekşi:, Ektirici, A., Aygün, C. ve Özcan, T. (2021). Algılanan sosyal kaytarma ölçeği – Türkçe formu: genç ve yetişkin sporcu örnekleminde geçerlik ve güvenirliğin incelenmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 41(3), 899-926.
- Siddiqui, K. (2013). Heuristics for Sample Size Determination in Multivariate Statistical Techniques. World Applied Sciences Journal, 27(2), 285-287.
- Simms, A. ve Nichols, T. (2014). Social loafing: a review of the literature. Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 15(1), 58-67.
- Sipahi, B., Yurtkoru, E.S. ve Çinko, M. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS’le veri analizi, İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
- Srivastava, U.R. (2015). Multiple dimensions of organizational justice and work-related outcomes among health-care professionals. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5(11), 666-685.
- Özmen, T.Ö., Arbak, Y. ve Özer, P.S. (2007). Adalete verilen değerin adalet algıları üzerindeki etkisinin sorgulanmasına ilişkin bir araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 7(1), 17-33.
- Tar-Ol, N. ve Drukman, D. (2010). Third-person perception as an impression management tactic. Media Psychology, 13(3), 301-322.
- Wayne:J. ve Ferris, G.R. (1990). Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: a laboratory experiment and field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(5), 487-499.
- Williams, K., Harkins: ve Latane, B. (1981). Identifiability as a deterrent to social loafing: two cheering experiments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(2), 303-311.
- Yavaş, A. (2020). Beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin ve örgütsel adalet algısının sosyal kaytarma davranışı üzerindeki etkisi. Management and Political Sciences Review, 2(1), 89-116.
- Yean, T.F. ve Yusuf, A.A. (2016). Organizational justice: a conceptual discussion. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 798-803.
- Yıldırım, G. ve Zehir, C. (2015). The effect of organizational justice perception of employees on individual and firm performance in transformational leadership context. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 2(9), 51-63.
- Yıldız, M. L., İşçi, E. ve Taşçı: (2016). İzlenim yönetimi taktiklerinin sosyal kaytarma üzerine etkisi: sağlık sektöründe bir araştırma, İstanbul Kemerburgaz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 103-120.