Animasyonun 12 Temel Prensibi ve Dokuz Yaşlı Adam

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 9, 129 - 147, 16.03.2025

Hami Onur Bingöl

Abstract

Çizgi filmin sıra dışı tarihinde hem bir animatör hem de şirket olarak Walt Disney’in olumlu etkisi tartışılmaz bir gerçektir. 1928 yılında Steamboat Willie ile başlayan bu sürecin, Walt Disney’in 1966 yılındaki beklenmedik ölümünden sonra da devam ettiğini söylemek mümkündür. Çizgi film ve animasyon, usta-çırak ilişkisine dayanan bir sanat formudur ve Disney, istihdam ettiği animatörler sayesinde hem başarılı işler çıkarmış hem de şirketi bir eğitim kurumu haline de getirmiştir. Dokuz Yaşlı Adam, Walt Disney Studios’un anahtar animatörlerinden oluşan bir tür yönetim kuruludur. Kurul ismi Walter Ellias Disney tarafından verilmiştir ancak üyelerin hiç birisi yaşlı değildir. Verilen bu isim, Disney’in ilham aldığı bir hicivden ibarettir. Kurul üyeleri tüm dünyada ses getiren Disney uzun metraj çizgi filmlerinde görev yapmıştır. Hepsinin ortak özelliği, Walt Disney’in ani ölümünden sonra bile şirketten ayrılmamış olmaları ve emekliliklerine kadar çalışmalarıdır. 1930’larda başlayıp 1960’lara kadar devam eden animasyonun altın çağı olarak adlandırılan bu süreçte, animasyona yön veren bu anahtar animatör ekibinin hayatta kalan son iki üyesi olan Ollie Johnston ve Frank Thomas, 1981 yılında kaleme aldıkları kitaplarında, “Animasyonun Prensipleri” olgusunu ilk defa akademik bir dille yayımlamışlardır. Bu ilkeler, Dokuz Yaşlı Adam’ın edindikleri tecrübenin bir ürünüdür ve günümüz animatörlerinin yolunu aydınlatan bir meşale niteliğindedir. Animasyonun 12 temel prensibi sayesinde bir animasyon, gerçek hayata daha yakın, ilgi çekici, cazibeli ve fizik kurallarına uygun bir biçimde canlandırılabilir. Araştırma sürecinde Dokuz Yaşlı Adam’ın her bir üyesi ayrı başlıklar altında ele alınmış, animasyonun prensipleri yazar açıklamaları ile belirtilmiş ve sonuç olarak tüm bu olguların çizgi film ve animasyonun günümüz uygulamalarına yön veren bir nitelikte olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Animasyon Tarihi, Animasyonun Prensipleri, Dokuz Yaşlı Adam

The 12 Basic Principles of Animation and the Nine Old Men

Abstract

Both as an animator and as a company, the positive impact of Walt Disney, on the extraordinary history of cartoons is an indisputable fact. It is possible to say that this process, which started with Steamboat Willie in 1928, continued after Walt Disney's unexpected death in 1966. Cartoons and animation are art forms based on the master-apprentice relationship, and Disney not only produced successful works thanks to the animators he employed, but also turned the company into an educational institution. The Nine Old Men are a board of directors made up of key animators from the Walt Disney Studio. The board was named by Walter Ellias Disney, but none of the members are old or elder. This name is a satire inspired by Disney. Board members have worked on Disney feature-length cartoons that are famous all over the world. What they all have in common is that they did not leave the company even after Walt Disney's sudden death and worked until their retirement. During this period, which began in the 1930s and continued until the 1960s and is called the golden age of animation, Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas, the last two surviving members of this key animator team that shaped animation, published the concept of "Principles of Animation" in an academic language for the first time in their book written in 1981. These principles are a product of the experience of the Nine Old Men and are a torch that illuminates the dark path of today's animators. Thanks to the 12 basic principles of animation, an animation can be animated in a way that is closer to real life, more interesting, attractive and in accordance with the laws of physics. During the research process, each member of the Nine Old Men was discussed under separate headings, the principles of animation were stated with author explanations, and as a result, it was concluded that all these facts have a quality that directs today's applications of cartoons and animation.

Keywords

Animation History, Animation Principles, The Nine Old Men

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