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TiN/CrN, CrAlN ve TiN Kaplamaların AISI M2 Takım Çeliğinin Performansına Etkileri

Year 2022, , 1344 - 1358, 31.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1013883

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, seramik esaslı çeşitli kaplama malzemelerinin, somun delme işlemlerinde kullanılan AISI M2 yüksek hız çeliğinden üretilmiş delme zımbalarının performanslarına etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. AISI M2 zımbalar, fiziksel buhar biriktirme tekniği kullanılarak TiN, TiN/CrN ve CrAlN ile kaplanmıştır. Takım ömrünü belirlemek için TiN, TiN/CrN ve CrAlN ile kaplanmış AISI M2 zımbaların toplam strok sayıları dikkate alınmıştır. TiN/CrN kaplı AISI M2 zımba, TiN ve CrAlN kaplı zımbalara göre daha yüksek strok sayılarına kadar çalışabilmiştir. TiN/CrN ve CrAlN kaplamaların, delme işlemindeki gerçek çalışma koşullarına (darbeli yükleme koşulları) kıyasla normal yükleme koşulları altında aşınma direncini incelemek için sertlik ve aşınma testleri yapılmıştır. CrAlN kaplamanın sertlik ve aşınma direnci TiN/CrN kaplamadan daha yüksek olmuştur. Normal yükleme koşulları ve kayma hızlarında, CrAlN kaplamanın aşınma performansı daha yüksek iken darbeli yükleme koşullarında, TiN/CrN kaplama, takım ömrünün daha yüksek olmasını sağlamıştır.

References

  • [1] H. Gong, X. Ding, J. Liu, and H. Feng, “Review of research on loosening of threaded fasteners,” Friction, in press, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0497-1.
  • [2] H. Gong, J. Liu and H. Feng, “Review on anti-loosening methods for threaded fasteners,” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, in press, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.12.038.
  • [3] A. G. F. Araújo, M. Naeem, L. N. M. Araújo, T. H. C. Costa, K. H. Khan, J. C. Díaz-Guillén, J. Iqbal, M. S. Liborio and R. R. M. Sousa, “Design, manufacturing and plasma nitriding of AISI-M2 steel forming tool and its performance analysis,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 14517-14527, 2020.
  • [4] V. Raja and T. Sornakumar, “Punch life improvement in cold forging of nut,” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 838-842, 2014.
  • [5] L. H. P. Abreu, M. C. L. Pimentel, W. F. A. Borges, T. H. C. Costa, M. Naeem, J. Iqbal and R. R. M. Sousa, “Plasma nitriding of AISI M2 steel: performance evaluation in forming tools,” Surface Engineering, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 508-515, 2020.
  • [6] S. W. Choi, Y. S. Kim, Y. J. Yum and S. Y. Yang, “A study on strengthening mechanical properties of a punch mold for cutting by using an HWS powder material and a DED semi-AM method of metal 3D printing,” Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1-16, 2020.
  • [7] D. Kumar, H. S. Payal, and N. Beri, “Surface treatment of M2 tool steel: A review,” Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1-10, 2017.
  • [8] T. Weinhold, A. Dalke, A. Schramm and H. Biermann, “Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating,” Engineering Reports, in press, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12377.
  • [9] F. Silva, R. Martinho, C. Martins, H. Lopes and R. Gouveia, “Machining GX2CrNiMoN26-7-4 DSS alloy: Wear analysis of TiAlN and TiCN/Al2O3/TiN coated carbide tools behavior in rough end milling operations,” Coatings, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1-21, 2019.
  • [10] C. C. Wei, “Analyses of material properties of nitrided AISI M2 steel treated by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) process,” Advanced Science Letters, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 148-154, 2012.
  • [11] M. Skakov, B. Rakhadilov, and M. Sheffler, “Influence of electrolyte plasma treatment on structure, phase composition and microhardness of steel Р6М5,” Key Engineering Materials, vol. 531-532, no. 627–631, 2012.
  • [12] M. Dubar, A. Dubois and L. Dubar, “Wear analysis of tools in cold forging: PVD versus CVD TiN coatings,” Wear, vol. 259, no. 7-12, pp. 1109-1116, 2005.
  • [13] M. Brizuela, A. Garcia-Luis, I. Braceras, J. I. Oñate, J. C. Sánchez-López, D. Martínez-Martínez, C. López-Cartes, and A. Fernández, “Magnetron sputtering of Cr(Al)N coatings: Mechanical and tribological study,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 200, no. 1-4, pp. 192–197, 2005.
  • [14] M. Yousefi, S. Baghshahi and M. S. Amiri Kerahroodi, “Effect of titanium nitride, diamond-like carbon and chromium carbonitride coatings on the life time of an AISI M2 steel punch forming tool,” Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, vol. 7, no. 50, pp. 1-16, 2021.
  • [15] E. Spain, J. C. Avelar-Batista, M. Letch, J. Housden and B. Lerga, “Characterisation and applications of Cr–Al–N coatings,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 200, no. 5-6, pp. 1507-1513, 2005.
  • [16] C. Mendibide, J. Fontaine, P. Steyer and C. Esnouf, “Dry sliding wear model of nanometer scale multilayered TiN/CrN PVD hard coatings,” Tribology Letters, 17(4), 779-789, 2004.
  • [17] H. C. Barshilia, B. Deepthi, N. Selvakumar, A. Jain and K. S. Rajam, “Nanolayered multilayer coatings of CrN/CrAlN prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 253, no. 11, pp. 5076-5083, 2007.
  • [18] C. Mendibide, P. Steyer, J. Fontaine and P. Goudeau, “Improvement of the tribological behaviour of PVD nanostratified TiN/CrN coating - An explanation,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 201, no. 7, pp. 4119-4124, 2006.
  • [19] N. K. Sahu and A. Andhare, “Design of experiments applied to industrial process,” in Statistical approaches with emphasis on design of experiments applied to chemical processes, V. Silva, Ed., IntechOpen, U.K.: London, 2018, ch. 2, pp. 5-20.
  • [20] D. L. Vaux, F. Fidler and G. Cumming, “Replicates and repeats-what is the difference and is it significant?,” EMBO Reports, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 291–296, 2012.
  • [21] S. Oraby and D. Hayhurst, “Tool life determination based on the measurement of wear and tool force ratio variation,” International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 44, no. 12-13, pp. 1261-1269, 2004.
  • [22] J. F. Archard, “Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 981–988, 1953.
  • [23] I. Hutchings and P. Shipway, Tribology: Friction and wear of engineering materials. Oxford, U.K.: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017.
  • [24] B. Bhushan, Principles and Applications of Tribology. New York, USA: Wiley, 1999.
  • [25] R. Lewis, M. Zalzalah and T. Slatter, (2021). “Impact wear failures,” in Failure analysis and prevention, B. A. Miller, R. J. Shipley , R. J. Parrington and D. P. Dennies, Eds., ASM Handbook, 2021, vol. 11, pp. 730-744.
  • [26] Q. Chen, Y. Yu, J. Sun, C. Jing, Y. Zhao and J. Wang, “Investigation of the wear behavior of surface welding AZ91 and AZ91+Gd alloys under variable loading conditions,” Crystals, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1-16, 2021.
  • [27] K. Holmberg and A. Matthews, “Coatings tribology: Properties, techniques and applications in surface engineering,” in Tribology Series, D. Dowson, ED., Elsevier Science, U.K.: Oxford, 1994, vol. 28, pp. 33-124.
  • [28] J. L. Mo and M. H. Zhu, “Sliding tribological behaviors of PVD CrN and AlCrN coatings against Si3N4 ceramic and pure titanium,” Wear, vol. 267, no. 5-8, pp. 874-881, 2009.
  • [29] K. Jokar, H. Elmkhah, A. Fattah-alhosseini, K. Babaei and A. Zolriasatein, A. Comparison of the wear and corrosion behavior between CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited by Arc-PVD method. Materials Research Express, vol. 6, no. 116426, pp. 1-7, 2019.
  • [30] J. L. Mo and M. H. Zhu, “Tribological oxidation behaviour of PVD hard coatings,” Tribology International, vol. 42, no. 11-12, pp. 1758-1764, 2009.
  • [31] J. L. Mo and M. H. Zhu, “Sliding tribological behavior of AlCrN coating,” Tribology International, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 1161-1168, 2008.
  • [32] W. Y. H. Liew, S. Dayou, M. A. B. Ismail, N. J. Siambun and J. Dayou, “Dry sliding behaviour of AlCrN and TiN coatings,” Advanced Materials Research, vol. 576, pp. 559-562, 2012.

Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel

Year 2022, , 1344 - 1358, 31.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1013883

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of various ceramic-based coatings on the performance of AISI M2 high-speed steel punch used in the nut piercing process. AISI M2 punches were coated with TiN, TiN/CrN, and CrAlN utilizing a physical vapour deposition method. The total stroke number of the punches was used to evaluate the tool life of TiN, CrAlN, and TiN/CrN coated AISI M2 punches. AISI M2 punch coated with TiN/CrN was able to work up to greater stroke numbers than punches coated with TiN and CrAlN. Hardness and wear tests were performed to study the wear resistance of TiN/CrN and CrAlN coatings under relatively normal load conditions compared to actual working conditions (impact loading conditions) in the piercing process. The hardness and wear resistance of the CrAlN coating were greater than those of the TiN/CrN coating. The wear performance of the CrAlN coating was higher at normal loads and sliding speeds while the tool life of the TiN/CrN-coated punch was better under impact loading conditions.

References

  • [1] H. Gong, X. Ding, J. Liu, and H. Feng, “Review of research on loosening of threaded fasteners,” Friction, in press, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0497-1.
  • [2] H. Gong, J. Liu and H. Feng, “Review on anti-loosening methods for threaded fasteners,” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, in press, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.12.038.
  • [3] A. G. F. Araújo, M. Naeem, L. N. M. Araújo, T. H. C. Costa, K. H. Khan, J. C. Díaz-Guillén, J. Iqbal, M. S. Liborio and R. R. M. Sousa, “Design, manufacturing and plasma nitriding of AISI-M2 steel forming tool and its performance analysis,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 14517-14527, 2020.
  • [4] V. Raja and T. Sornakumar, “Punch life improvement in cold forging of nut,” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 838-842, 2014.
  • [5] L. H. P. Abreu, M. C. L. Pimentel, W. F. A. Borges, T. H. C. Costa, M. Naeem, J. Iqbal and R. R. M. Sousa, “Plasma nitriding of AISI M2 steel: performance evaluation in forming tools,” Surface Engineering, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 508-515, 2020.
  • [6] S. W. Choi, Y. S. Kim, Y. J. Yum and S. Y. Yang, “A study on strengthening mechanical properties of a punch mold for cutting by using an HWS powder material and a DED semi-AM method of metal 3D printing,” Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1-16, 2020.
  • [7] D. Kumar, H. S. Payal, and N. Beri, “Surface treatment of M2 tool steel: A review,” Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1-10, 2017.
  • [8] T. Weinhold, A. Dalke, A. Schramm and H. Biermann, “Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating,” Engineering Reports, in press, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12377.
  • [9] F. Silva, R. Martinho, C. Martins, H. Lopes and R. Gouveia, “Machining GX2CrNiMoN26-7-4 DSS alloy: Wear analysis of TiAlN and TiCN/Al2O3/TiN coated carbide tools behavior in rough end milling operations,” Coatings, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1-21, 2019.
  • [10] C. C. Wei, “Analyses of material properties of nitrided AISI M2 steel treated by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) process,” Advanced Science Letters, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 148-154, 2012.
  • [11] M. Skakov, B. Rakhadilov, and M. Sheffler, “Influence of electrolyte plasma treatment on structure, phase composition and microhardness of steel Р6М5,” Key Engineering Materials, vol. 531-532, no. 627–631, 2012.
  • [12] M. Dubar, A. Dubois and L. Dubar, “Wear analysis of tools in cold forging: PVD versus CVD TiN coatings,” Wear, vol. 259, no. 7-12, pp. 1109-1116, 2005.
  • [13] M. Brizuela, A. Garcia-Luis, I. Braceras, J. I. Oñate, J. C. Sánchez-López, D. Martínez-Martínez, C. López-Cartes, and A. Fernández, “Magnetron sputtering of Cr(Al)N coatings: Mechanical and tribological study,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 200, no. 1-4, pp. 192–197, 2005.
  • [14] M. Yousefi, S. Baghshahi and M. S. Amiri Kerahroodi, “Effect of titanium nitride, diamond-like carbon and chromium carbonitride coatings on the life time of an AISI M2 steel punch forming tool,” Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, vol. 7, no. 50, pp. 1-16, 2021.
  • [15] E. Spain, J. C. Avelar-Batista, M. Letch, J. Housden and B. Lerga, “Characterisation and applications of Cr–Al–N coatings,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 200, no. 5-6, pp. 1507-1513, 2005.
  • [16] C. Mendibide, J. Fontaine, P. Steyer and C. Esnouf, “Dry sliding wear model of nanometer scale multilayered TiN/CrN PVD hard coatings,” Tribology Letters, 17(4), 779-789, 2004.
  • [17] H. C. Barshilia, B. Deepthi, N. Selvakumar, A. Jain and K. S. Rajam, “Nanolayered multilayer coatings of CrN/CrAlN prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 253, no. 11, pp. 5076-5083, 2007.
  • [18] C. Mendibide, P. Steyer, J. Fontaine and P. Goudeau, “Improvement of the tribological behaviour of PVD nanostratified TiN/CrN coating - An explanation,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 201, no. 7, pp. 4119-4124, 2006.
  • [19] N. K. Sahu and A. Andhare, “Design of experiments applied to industrial process,” in Statistical approaches with emphasis on design of experiments applied to chemical processes, V. Silva, Ed., IntechOpen, U.K.: London, 2018, ch. 2, pp. 5-20.
  • [20] D. L. Vaux, F. Fidler and G. Cumming, “Replicates and repeats-what is the difference and is it significant?,” EMBO Reports, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 291–296, 2012.
  • [21] S. Oraby and D. Hayhurst, “Tool life determination based on the measurement of wear and tool force ratio variation,” International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 44, no. 12-13, pp. 1261-1269, 2004.
  • [22] J. F. Archard, “Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 981–988, 1953.
  • [23] I. Hutchings and P. Shipway, Tribology: Friction and wear of engineering materials. Oxford, U.K.: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017.
  • [24] B. Bhushan, Principles and Applications of Tribology. New York, USA: Wiley, 1999.
  • [25] R. Lewis, M. Zalzalah and T. Slatter, (2021). “Impact wear failures,” in Failure analysis and prevention, B. A. Miller, R. J. Shipley , R. J. Parrington and D. P. Dennies, Eds., ASM Handbook, 2021, vol. 11, pp. 730-744.
  • [26] Q. Chen, Y. Yu, J. Sun, C. Jing, Y. Zhao and J. Wang, “Investigation of the wear behavior of surface welding AZ91 and AZ91+Gd alloys under variable loading conditions,” Crystals, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1-16, 2021.
  • [27] K. Holmberg and A. Matthews, “Coatings tribology: Properties, techniques and applications in surface engineering,” in Tribology Series, D. Dowson, ED., Elsevier Science, U.K.: Oxford, 1994, vol. 28, pp. 33-124.
  • [28] J. L. Mo and M. H. Zhu, “Sliding tribological behaviors of PVD CrN and AlCrN coatings against Si3N4 ceramic and pure titanium,” Wear, vol. 267, no. 5-8, pp. 874-881, 2009.
  • [29] K. Jokar, H. Elmkhah, A. Fattah-alhosseini, K. Babaei and A. Zolriasatein, A. Comparison of the wear and corrosion behavior between CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited by Arc-PVD method. Materials Research Express, vol. 6, no. 116426, pp. 1-7, 2019.
  • [30] J. L. Mo and M. H. Zhu, “Tribological oxidation behaviour of PVD hard coatings,” Tribology International, vol. 42, no. 11-12, pp. 1758-1764, 2009.
  • [31] J. L. Mo and M. H. Zhu, “Sliding tribological behavior of AlCrN coating,” Tribology International, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 1161-1168, 2008.
  • [32] W. Y. H. Liew, S. Dayou, M. A. B. Ismail, N. J. Siambun and J. Dayou, “Dry sliding behaviour of AlCrN and TiN coatings,” Advanced Materials Research, vol. 576, pp. 559-562, 2012.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cemile Kayış 0000-0002-4401-2412

Ege Anıl Diler 0000-0002-1667-5737

Hatice Sandallı 0000-0002-5550-8480

Fuat Can Ağarer 0000-0001-7219-7592

Publication Date July 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Kayış, C., Diler, E. A., Sandallı, H., Ağarer, F. C. (2022). Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 10(3), 1344-1358. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1013883
AMA Kayış C, Diler EA, Sandallı H, Ağarer FC. Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel. DÜBİTED. July 2022;10(3):1344-1358. doi:10.29130/dubited.1013883
Chicago Kayış, Cemile, Ege Anıl Diler, Hatice Sandallı, and Fuat Can Ağarer. “Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (July 2022): 1344-58. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1013883.
EndNote Kayış C, Diler EA, Sandallı H, Ağarer FC (July 1, 2022) Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 10 3 1344–1358.
IEEE C. Kayış, E. A. Diler, H. Sandallı, and F. C. Ağarer, “Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel”, DÜBİTED, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1344–1358, 2022, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1013883.
ISNAD Kayış, Cemile et al. “Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 10/3 (July 2022), 1344-1358. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1013883.
JAMA Kayış C, Diler EA, Sandallı H, Ağarer FC. Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel. DÜBİTED. 2022;10:1344–1358.
MLA Kayış, Cemile et al. “Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. 3, 2022, pp. 1344-58, doi:10.29130/dubited.1013883.
Vancouver Kayış C, Diler EA, Sandallı H, Ağarer FC. Effects of TiN/CrN, CrAlN, and TiN Coatings on the Performance of AISI M2 Tool Steel. DÜBİTED. 2022;10(3):1344-58.