Research Article
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The Role of Mass Media in the Construction of Social Memory

Year 2022, , 106 - 125, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55796/dusuncevetoplum.1144191

Abstract

The widespread effects of communication technologies have contributed to the role of the media in the construction of social memory. Thanks to mass media, the ‘past’ has become reproducible and changeable content. At the same time, the ‘moment’ has evolved into a process that can be recorded with technology and witnessed again. The role of the media in the formation of collective consciousness, the construction of the common good and the remembrance of social events is undeniable. For these reasons, social memory, one of the main study subjects of sociology, has started to be included in the field of communication since the 1970s. The aim of this study is to examine social memory from the perspective of communication sciences. To be able to reveal the powerful effects of media technologies in the construction of social memory and its transfer to future generations. After the conceptual discussion, it explains the role of oral, written and printed communication in constructing social memory. Then, it examines the effect of mass media on social remembering and forgetting processes. The role of the media in the shaping of social memory is discussed from a critical perspective through case studies. As a result, the mainstream media has a critical role in remembering both past and current social events and in the formation of collective identity.

References

  • Arnold-de Simine, S. (2013). Mediating memory in the museum. Macmillian.
  • Assmann, J. (2018). Kültürel bellek: Eski kültürde yazı, hatırlama ve politik kimlik. Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Assmann, J. ve Czaplicka, J. (1995). Collective memory and cultural identity. New German Critique, 65, 125-133.
  • Barnard, A. (2016). Tarihöncesinde dil. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Barnier, A. J. ve Sutton, J. (2008). From individual to collective memory: Theoretical and empirical perspectives, Memory, 16(3), 177-182.
  • Bartoletti, R. (2011). Memory and social media: New forms of remembering and forgetting, (Ed.) B. Pirani, Learning from memory: Body, memory and technology in a globalizing world (82-111, ss.), Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Başaran İnce, G. (2010). Medya ve toplumsal hafıza. Kültür ve İletişim Dergisi, 13(1), 9-29.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1991). The gulf war did not take place. Çev. Paul Patton, Indiana University Press.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2018). Simülakrlar ve simülasyon. Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Bergson, H. (2005). Matter and memory. 8th Printing, Zone Books.
  • Birkner, T. ve Donk, A. (2018). Collective memory and social media: Fostering a new historical consciousness in the digital age?”, Memory Studies, 1(5), 1-17.
  • Bosch, T. E. (2016). Memory studies, The working papers: media, conflict and democratisation, 1-9.
  • Burkey, B. (2019). Total recall: How cultural heritage communities use digital initiatives and platforms for collective remembering. Journal of Creative Communications, 14(3), 235-253.
  • Casey, E. S. (2004). The Memory of publics: Public memory in place and time. (Ed.) K. R. Phillips, Framing public memory (17-44. ss.), The University of Alabama Press.
  • Chaytor, H. J. (1945). From script to print: An introduction to medieval literature. Cambridge University Press.
  • Connerton, P. (2009). How societies remember. Cambridge University Press.
  • Crowley, D. ve Heyer, P. (2016). Communication in history. Routledge.
  • Dekel, I. (2011). Mediated space, mediated memory: New archives at the holocaust memorial in Berlin, (Ed.) M. Neiger, O. Meyers, and E. Zandberg, On media memory (pp. 265-277), Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Edy, J. A. (1999). Journalistic uses of collective memory. Journal of Communication, 49(2), 79-92.
  • Erhat, A. ve Kadir, A. (2018). (Yunanca aslından çev.). İlyada ve Odysseia. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Fentress, J. ve Wickhams, C. (1992). Social Memory (New Perspectives on the Past). Blackwell Publisher.
  • Ferron, M. ve Massa, P. (2014). Beyond the encyclopedia: Collective memories in Wikipedia. Memory Studies, 7(1), 22-45.
  • French, L. (2011). Lest we forget: Media, culture and the formation of collective memory. The Journal of Physical Activity and Human Development, 5, 333-348.
  • Freud, S. (2010). The interpretation of dreams. Basic Books.
  • Garde-Hansen, J. (2011). Media and memory. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Gezgin, İ. (2020). Homo narrans: İnsan ne için anlatır?. Redingot Kitap.
  • Halbwachs, M. (2018). Kolektif hafıza. Çev. Banu Barış, 2. bs., Heretik Yayınları.
  • Halbwachs, M. (2019). Hafızanın toplumsal çerçeveleri. Çev. Büşra Uçar, 2. bs., Heretik Yayınları.
  • Hoskins, A. (2001). New memory: Mediating history. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 21(4), 333-346.
  • Hoskins, A. (2009) The mediatisation of memory. (Ed.) J. Garde-Hansen, A. Hoskins and A. Reading, Save as…Digital Memories (26-43. ss.) Macmillan.
  • Hoskins, A. (2018). Digital memory studies: Media pasts in transition. Routledge.
  • Huyssen, A. (2003). Present pasts: Urban palimpsests and the politics of memory. Stanford University Press.
  • Innis, H. (2006). İmparatorluk ve iletişim araçları. Ütopya Yayınları.
  • Kaun, A. ve Stiernstedt, F. (2016). Media memory practices and community of remembrance: Youth radio dt64”, (Ed.) A. Hajek vd., Memory in a mediated world (195-209. ss.), Macmillian.
  • Leakey, R. (2006). İnsanın kökeni. Varlık Yayınları.
  • Linke, U. (2015). Anthropology of collective memory. Elsevier.
  • Lippman, W. (1998). Public opinion. Transaction Publishers.
  • Livingstone, S. (1997). Clarifying the CNN Effect: An examination of media effects according to type of military intervention. Research Paper R-18, Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press.
  • McGuinness, D. (2019). Holocaust: How a US tv series changed Germany, BBC News, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47042244, Erişim Tarihi: 8 Ekim 2020.
  • McLuhan, M. (2017). Gutenberg galaksisi. Çev. Gün Çağalı Güven, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Michon, D. ve El Antably, A. (2013). It’s hard to be down when you’re up: Interpreting cultural heritage through alternative media. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 19(1), 16-40.
  • Neiger, M., Meyers, O., ve Zandberg, E. (Eds.). (2011). On media memory: Collective memory in a new media age. Springer.
  • Nora, P. (2006). Hafıza Mekanları. (Çev.) Mehmet Emin Özcan. Dost Kitapevi.
  • Olick J. K. ve Robbins, J. (1998). Social memory studies: From “collective memory” to the historical sociology of mnemonic practices. Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), 105-140.
  • Ong, W. J. (2014) Sözlü ve yazılı kültür. Metis Yayınları.
  • Orhan, G. (2015). Medya ve bellek çalışmaları: Paralellikler, gerilimler. İletişim: Araştırmaları, 13(2), 9-31.
  • Peters, J. D. (2000). Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication. University of Chicago Press.
  • Poe, M. (2015). İletişim tarihi. Islık Yayınları.
  • Schieder, T. (1978). The role of historical consciousness in political action. History and Theory, 17(4), 1-18.
  • Schleser, J. (2012). “Unprotected memory”, (Ed). Luciana Duranti ve Elizabeth Shaffer, The memory of the world in the digital age: Digitization and preservation, Conference Proceedings.
  • Schudson, M. (2014). Journalism as a vehicle of non-commemorative cultural memory,(Ed.) B. Zelizer ve K. Tenenboim-Weinblatt, Journalism and Memory (85-96. ss.), Macmillan.
  • Shandler, J. (1999). While America watches: Televising the holocaust. Oxford University Press.
  • Tallentire, J. (2001). Strategies of memory: History, social memory, and the community. Review Essay for Resilient Communities Project.
  • Tani, E. (2019). Ağ toplumunda sokak aktivizminden dijital aktivizme geçiş, Dijital aktivizm üzerine, (Ed.) H. Boztepe Taşkıran ve M. Mengü, (ss.1-33). Der Yayınları.
  • Yates, F. (1966). The art of memory. Selected Works Volume III, Routledge.

Kitle İletişim Araçlarının Toplumsal Belleğin İnşasındaki Rolü

Year 2022, , 106 - 125, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55796/dusuncevetoplum.1144191

Abstract

İletişim teknolojilerinin yaygın etkileri toplumsal belleğin inşasında medyanın rolüne olan ilgiyi artırmaktadır. Kitle iletişim araçlarıyla ‘geçmiş’ yeniden üretilebilir ve değiştirilebilir bir içerik haline gelmiştir. Aynı zamanda ‘an’ teknolojiyle kaydedilip tekrar şahit olunabilecek bir sürece dönüşmüştür. Kolektif bilincin oluşmasında, ortak iyilerin inşasında ve toplumsal olayların hatırlanma biçimde medyanın yadsınamaz işlevi bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenlerle sosyolojinin temel çalışma konularından biri olan toplumsal bellek, 1970’li yıllardan itibaren iletişim sosyolojisinin çalışma alanına dahil olmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı iletişim bilimleri perspektifinden toplumsal belleği incelemektir. Toplumsal belleğin inşasında ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarımında medya teknolojilerinin güçlü etkilerini zamansal bir çizgide ortaya koyabilmektir. Kavramsal tartışma yapıldıktan sonra sözlü iletişimin, yazılı ve basılı iletişim araçlarının toplumsal belleğin inşasındaki rolü açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra kitle iletişim araçlarının toplumsal hatırlama ve unutma süreçlerine olan etkisi irdelenmiştir. İletişimin ve medyanın toplumsal belleğin şekillenmesindeki rolü örnek vakalar: Holocaust dizisi ve 17 ağustos depreminin medyada anılması vakaları üzerinden eleştirel bir perspektiften ele alınmıştır. Ana akım medyanın hem geçmiş hem de güncel toplumsal vakaların anımsanmasında ve kolektif kimliğin oluşmasında kritik bir role sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Arnold-de Simine, S. (2013). Mediating memory in the museum. Macmillian.
  • Assmann, J. (2018). Kültürel bellek: Eski kültürde yazı, hatırlama ve politik kimlik. Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Assmann, J. ve Czaplicka, J. (1995). Collective memory and cultural identity. New German Critique, 65, 125-133.
  • Barnard, A. (2016). Tarihöncesinde dil. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Barnier, A. J. ve Sutton, J. (2008). From individual to collective memory: Theoretical and empirical perspectives, Memory, 16(3), 177-182.
  • Bartoletti, R. (2011). Memory and social media: New forms of remembering and forgetting, (Ed.) B. Pirani, Learning from memory: Body, memory and technology in a globalizing world (82-111, ss.), Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Başaran İnce, G. (2010). Medya ve toplumsal hafıza. Kültür ve İletişim Dergisi, 13(1), 9-29.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1991). The gulf war did not take place. Çev. Paul Patton, Indiana University Press.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2018). Simülakrlar ve simülasyon. Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Bergson, H. (2005). Matter and memory. 8th Printing, Zone Books.
  • Birkner, T. ve Donk, A. (2018). Collective memory and social media: Fostering a new historical consciousness in the digital age?”, Memory Studies, 1(5), 1-17.
  • Bosch, T. E. (2016). Memory studies, The working papers: media, conflict and democratisation, 1-9.
  • Burkey, B. (2019). Total recall: How cultural heritage communities use digital initiatives and platforms for collective remembering. Journal of Creative Communications, 14(3), 235-253.
  • Casey, E. S. (2004). The Memory of publics: Public memory in place and time. (Ed.) K. R. Phillips, Framing public memory (17-44. ss.), The University of Alabama Press.
  • Chaytor, H. J. (1945). From script to print: An introduction to medieval literature. Cambridge University Press.
  • Connerton, P. (2009). How societies remember. Cambridge University Press.
  • Crowley, D. ve Heyer, P. (2016). Communication in history. Routledge.
  • Dekel, I. (2011). Mediated space, mediated memory: New archives at the holocaust memorial in Berlin, (Ed.) M. Neiger, O. Meyers, and E. Zandberg, On media memory (pp. 265-277), Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Edy, J. A. (1999). Journalistic uses of collective memory. Journal of Communication, 49(2), 79-92.
  • Erhat, A. ve Kadir, A. (2018). (Yunanca aslından çev.). İlyada ve Odysseia. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Fentress, J. ve Wickhams, C. (1992). Social Memory (New Perspectives on the Past). Blackwell Publisher.
  • Ferron, M. ve Massa, P. (2014). Beyond the encyclopedia: Collective memories in Wikipedia. Memory Studies, 7(1), 22-45.
  • French, L. (2011). Lest we forget: Media, culture and the formation of collective memory. The Journal of Physical Activity and Human Development, 5, 333-348.
  • Freud, S. (2010). The interpretation of dreams. Basic Books.
  • Garde-Hansen, J. (2011). Media and memory. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Gezgin, İ. (2020). Homo narrans: İnsan ne için anlatır?. Redingot Kitap.
  • Halbwachs, M. (2018). Kolektif hafıza. Çev. Banu Barış, 2. bs., Heretik Yayınları.
  • Halbwachs, M. (2019). Hafızanın toplumsal çerçeveleri. Çev. Büşra Uçar, 2. bs., Heretik Yayınları.
  • Hoskins, A. (2001). New memory: Mediating history. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 21(4), 333-346.
  • Hoskins, A. (2009) The mediatisation of memory. (Ed.) J. Garde-Hansen, A. Hoskins and A. Reading, Save as…Digital Memories (26-43. ss.) Macmillan.
  • Hoskins, A. (2018). Digital memory studies: Media pasts in transition. Routledge.
  • Huyssen, A. (2003). Present pasts: Urban palimpsests and the politics of memory. Stanford University Press.
  • Innis, H. (2006). İmparatorluk ve iletişim araçları. Ütopya Yayınları.
  • Kaun, A. ve Stiernstedt, F. (2016). Media memory practices and community of remembrance: Youth radio dt64”, (Ed.) A. Hajek vd., Memory in a mediated world (195-209. ss.), Macmillian.
  • Leakey, R. (2006). İnsanın kökeni. Varlık Yayınları.
  • Linke, U. (2015). Anthropology of collective memory. Elsevier.
  • Lippman, W. (1998). Public opinion. Transaction Publishers.
  • Livingstone, S. (1997). Clarifying the CNN Effect: An examination of media effects according to type of military intervention. Research Paper R-18, Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press.
  • McGuinness, D. (2019). Holocaust: How a US tv series changed Germany, BBC News, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47042244, Erişim Tarihi: 8 Ekim 2020.
  • McLuhan, M. (2017). Gutenberg galaksisi. Çev. Gün Çağalı Güven, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Michon, D. ve El Antably, A. (2013). It’s hard to be down when you’re up: Interpreting cultural heritage through alternative media. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 19(1), 16-40.
  • Neiger, M., Meyers, O., ve Zandberg, E. (Eds.). (2011). On media memory: Collective memory in a new media age. Springer.
  • Nora, P. (2006). Hafıza Mekanları. (Çev.) Mehmet Emin Özcan. Dost Kitapevi.
  • Olick J. K. ve Robbins, J. (1998). Social memory studies: From “collective memory” to the historical sociology of mnemonic practices. Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), 105-140.
  • Ong, W. J. (2014) Sözlü ve yazılı kültür. Metis Yayınları.
  • Orhan, G. (2015). Medya ve bellek çalışmaları: Paralellikler, gerilimler. İletişim: Araştırmaları, 13(2), 9-31.
  • Peters, J. D. (2000). Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication. University of Chicago Press.
  • Poe, M. (2015). İletişim tarihi. Islık Yayınları.
  • Schieder, T. (1978). The role of historical consciousness in political action. History and Theory, 17(4), 1-18.
  • Schleser, J. (2012). “Unprotected memory”, (Ed). Luciana Duranti ve Elizabeth Shaffer, The memory of the world in the digital age: Digitization and preservation, Conference Proceedings.
  • Schudson, M. (2014). Journalism as a vehicle of non-commemorative cultural memory,(Ed.) B. Zelizer ve K. Tenenboim-Weinblatt, Journalism and Memory (85-96. ss.), Macmillan.
  • Shandler, J. (1999). While America watches: Televising the holocaust. Oxford University Press.
  • Tallentire, J. (2001). Strategies of memory: History, social memory, and the community. Review Essay for Resilient Communities Project.
  • Tani, E. (2019). Ağ toplumunda sokak aktivizminden dijital aktivizme geçiş, Dijital aktivizm üzerine, (Ed.) H. Boztepe Taşkıran ve M. Mengü, (ss.1-33). Der Yayınları.
  • Yates, F. (1966). The art of memory. Selected Works Volume III, Routledge.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Esra Tani 0000-0002-4427-325X

Hatun Boztepe Taşkıran 0000-0002-3447-9174

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Tani, E., & Boztepe Taşkıran, H. (2022). Kitle İletişim Araçlarının Toplumsal Belleğin İnşasındaki Rolü. Düşünce Ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 106-125. https://doi.org/10.55796/dusuncevetoplum.1144191