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Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 93 - 98, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1188536

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Diyarbakır bölgesinde üretilen Anadolu manda sütlerinin somatik hücre sayısı ve mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Üretici düzeyinde toplanan 65 adet manda sütü somatik hücre sayısı (SHS), toplam canlı sayısı (TVC), koliform bakteriler, E. coli, maya ve küf sayısı ile E. coli O157 varlığı yönünden incelendi. Ayrıca sütlerde pH analizi gerçekleştirildi. Süt örneklerinin tamamından ve ortalama 158.740 hücre/ml ile SHS ve 6.58±0.17 log kob/ml ile TVC tespit edildi. Örneklerin sırasıyla koliform, E. coli, maya ve küf ile ortalama 4.26±0.20, 2.19±0.13, 2.69±0.20, 2.08±0.27 log kob/ml düzeyinde kontamine olduğu belirlendi. Ancak örneklerin hiçbirinin E. coli O157 içermediği bulundu. Süt örneklerindeki pH değerlerinin ise 5.83 ile 6.99 arasında değiştiği ve ortalama 6.51±0.20 olduğu belirlendi. Bu çalışmada incelenen örneklerin çiğ süt için belirlenen uluslararası hijyen standartlarına göre SHS (n:4, %6.1) ve TVC (n:34, %52.3) yönünden limitleri aştığı belirlenmiştir. E. coli O157 patojeninin tespit edilmemiş olması tüketici güvenliği açısından olumludur. Ancak, bazı indikatör mikroorganizmaların yüksek sayılarda belirlenmiş olması manda sütü üretiminde hijyen ve sanitasyon uygulamalarının yetersiz olduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Guo M, Hendricks G. (2010). Improving buffalo milk. Improving the Safety and Quality of Milk. Griffiths MW, editor. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 402-416.
  • Sinamo KN, Hasan F, Hasanah U. (2019). Physico-chemical and microbial properties of buffalo milk yoghurt drink. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 454(2020): 012119.
  • Aydın B, Güneşer O. (2021). Manda Sütünden Üretilen Bazı Ürünlerin Duyusal Özellikleri. Uşak Üniversitesi Fen ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi (1):110-123.
  • Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. (2020). FAOSTAT. FAO Statistics Division. Available online: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. Accesed:12.10.2022.
  • Anonim. (2004). Yerli Hayvan Irk ve Hatlarının Tescili Hakkında Tebliğ, Tebliğ no: 2004/39 Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2021). https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SGB/TARYAT/Belgeler/il_yatirim_rehberleri/diyarbakir.pdf. Erişim tarihi:12.10.2022.
  • Aydoğdu MH, Şahin Z. (2022). Türkiye’deki Manda Varlığı ile Süt Üretim Miktarlarındaki Değişimlerin Son Dönemlerinin Analizi. Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences. 8(51): 612-616.
  • Borghese A, Mazzi M. (2005). Buffalo population and strategies in the world. In, Borghese A (Ed): Buffalo Production and Research. 1st. ed. Italy, 1-39, http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ ah847e/ah847e00.htm. Accessed: 12.10.2022
  • Gürler Z, Karadaş E, Kozan E, Çelik H A, Birdane F M, Kara R, Acaröz U. (2021). Investigation of Effect of Somatic Cell Count and Seasons on Buffalo Milk Quality. Kocatepe Vet J. 14(2): 268-273.
  • Costa A, Neglia G, Campanile G, De Marchi M. (2020). Milk somatic cell count and its relationship with milk yield and quality traits in Italian water buffaloes J Dairy Sci. 103: 5485-5494.
  • EUR-Lex. (2004.) B Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin.
  • United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2019). Determining U.S. Milk Quality Using Bulk-tank Somatic Cell Counts. Veterinary Services. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/dairy/downloads/dairy_monitoring/btscc_2019infosheet.pdf Erişim Tarihi:12.10.2022
  • Anonim. (2017). Çiğ Sütün Arzına Dair Tebliğ Tebliğ No: 2017/20.
  • Şahin A, Yıldırım A, Ulutaş Z. (2012). Tokat İli Halk Elinde Yetiştirilen Mandaların Çiğ Süt Kompozisyonu ve Somatik Hücre Sayısı. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniv. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Sonuç Raporu, Proje No:2011/13.
  • Sel V, Yilmaz I, Yanar M. (2020). Some Factors Affecting the Somatic Cell Count in the Milk of Anatolian Water Buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) raised in Igdir Province. Pak J Zool. 52(4): 1225-1230.
  • Han BZ, Meng Y, Li M, et al. (2007). A survey on the microbiological and chemical composition of buffalo milk in China. Food Control. 18: 742-746.
  • Soomro AH, Raunaq S, Sheikh SA, Khaskheli M, Talpur A. (2016). Assessment Of Microbial Quality Of Farm Buffalo Milk. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences. 32(2): 268-276.
  • Dhote LD, Bidgar GJ, Pansare NR, et al. (2019). Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Nagpuri Buffalo Raw Milk Collected at Different Areas in Nagpur City. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 8(2): 2744-2749.
  • Aytekin İ, Boztepe S. (2014). Süt Sığırlarında Somatik Hücre Sayısı, Önemi ve Etki Eden Faktörler. Turkish JAF Sci Tech. 2(3): 112-121.
  • Gürler Z, Kuyucuoğlu Y, Pamuk Ş. (2013). Chemical and microbiological quality of Anatolian Buffalo milk. Afr J Microbiol Res. 7(16): 1512-1517.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2006). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs— Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Coliforms-Colony-Count Technique. 4832.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO).(2003). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Microorganisms-Colony-Count Technique at 30 °C. 4833.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2001). Microbiology of food and animasl feeding stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of β-glucuronidase-positive Escherichia coli. Part 2, 16649-2.
  • Koburger JA, Marth EH. (1984). Yeast and moulds. In: Speck ML (ed) Compendium of methods for the examination of foods, 2nd edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, pp 197–201.
  • Hitchins AD, Feng P, Watkins WD, Rippey SR, Chandler LA. (2000). Escherichia coli and the coliform bacteria. Food and drug administration (8th ed.), AOAC International, Washington, DC p. 4.01-4.29
  • Pasquini M, Osimani A, Tavoletti S, Moreno I, Clementi F, Trombetta MF. (2018). Trends in the quality and hygiene parameters of bulk Italian Mediterranean buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk: A three year study. Animal Science Journal. 89: 176-85.
  • Tripaldi C, Terramoccia S, Bartocci S, Angelucci M, Danese V. (2003). The effects of the somatic cell count on yield, composition and coagulating properties of Mediterranean buffalo milk. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 16(5): 738-742.
  • Sharif A, Ahmad T, Bilal MQ, Yousaf A, Muhammad G. (2007). Effect of severity of subclinical mastitis on somatic cell count and lactose contents of buffalo milk. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 27(3): 142-144.
  • Harmon RJ. (2001). Somatıc Cell Counts: A Prımer. National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. 3-9.
  • Gürler H, Çiftci G, Salar S, Baştan A. (2018). Subklinik Mastitis’in Anadolu Mandalarının Süt Kompozisyonundaki Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametrelere Etkisi. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg. 29 (2): 151-156.
  • Alacam E, Tekeli T, Erganiş O, İzgi AN. (1989). The diagnosis, isolation of etiological agents and antibiotic susceptibility testresults in cows and buffaloes suffering from subclinical mastitis. Selcuk Univ Vet Fak Derg. 5: 91-101.
  • Sarıözkan S, Yakan A, Özkan H, ve ark. (2021). Anadolu Mandalarında Subklinik Mastitis Prevalansı ve Hastalığın Etkileri. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 18(3): 166-172.
  • Tripaldi C, Palocci G, Miarelli M, et al. (2010). Effects of Mastitis on Buffalo Milk Quality. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 23(10): 1319-1324.
  • Simoes MG, Portal RE, Rabelo JG, Ferreira CLLF. (2014). Seasonal Variations Affect the Physicochemical Composition of Bufallo Milk and Artisanal Cheeses Produced in Marajó Island (Pa, Brazil). Adv J Food Sci Technol. 6(1): 81-91.
  • Murphy SC, Boor KJ. (2000). Trouble-shooting sources and causes of high bacteria counts in raw milk. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, 20(8): 606-611.
  • Böhnlein C, Fiedler G, Loop J, Franz CM, Kabisch J. (2021). Microbiological quality and safety of raw milk from direct sale in northern Germany. Int Dairy J. 114: 1-7.
  • Metz M, Sheehan J, Feng PC. (2020). Use of indicator bacteria for monitoring sanitary quality of raw milk cheeses–A literature review. Food microbiol. 85: 1-11.
  • Coroian A, Coroian CO, Vodnar DC, Trif M. (2010). Study of the main microbiological traits in Romanian buffalo milk. HVM Bioflux, 2(2): 92-98.
  • Ali AA, Irshad N, Razaz SA, Manahil AA. (2010). Microbiological safety of raw milk in Khartoum state, Sudan: 1-Khartoum and Omdurman cities. Pak J Nutri. 9(5): 426-429. Snyder AB, Worobo RW. (2018). Fungal spoilage in food processing. J Food Prot. 81(6): 1035-1040.
  • Vu-Khac H, Cornick NA. (2008). Prevalence and genetic profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from buffaloes, cattle, and goats in central Vietnam. Vet Microbiol. 126(4): 356-363.
  • Şeker E, Kuyucuoğlu Y, Sareyyüpoğlu B, Yardımcı H. (2010). PCR detection of Shiga toxins, enterohaemolysin and intimin virulence genes of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from faeces of Anatolian water buffaloes in Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health. 57(7‐8): 33-37.
  • Rahimi E, Khamesipour F, Yazdi F, Momtaz H. (2012). Isolation and characterization of enterohaemorragic Escherichia coli O157: H7 and EHEC O157: NM from raw bovine, camel, water buffalo, caprine and ovine milk in Iran. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 18(4): 559-564.
  • Lye Y L, Afsah-Hejri L, Chang WS, et al. (2013). Risk of Escherichia coli O157: H7 transmission linked to the consumption of raw milk. Int Food Res. 20(2): 1001-1005.
  • Ahmad S, Gaucher I, Rousseau F, et al. (2008). Effects of acidification on physico-chemical characteristics of buffalo milk: A comparison with cow’s milk. Food Chemistry. 106(1): 11-17.
  • Khan MAS, Islam MN, Siddiki MSR. (2007). Physical and chemical composition of swamp and water buffalo milk: a comparative study. Ital J Anim Sci. 6(Suppl. 2): 1067-1070.
  • Mahmood A, Usman S. (2010). A comparative study on the physicochemical parameters of milk samples collected from buffalo, cow, goat and sheep of Gujrat, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9(12): 1192-1197.
Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 93 - 98, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1188536

Abstract

References

  • Guo M, Hendricks G. (2010). Improving buffalo milk. Improving the Safety and Quality of Milk. Griffiths MW, editor. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 402-416.
  • Sinamo KN, Hasan F, Hasanah U. (2019). Physico-chemical and microbial properties of buffalo milk yoghurt drink. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 454(2020): 012119.
  • Aydın B, Güneşer O. (2021). Manda Sütünden Üretilen Bazı Ürünlerin Duyusal Özellikleri. Uşak Üniversitesi Fen ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi (1):110-123.
  • Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. (2020). FAOSTAT. FAO Statistics Division. Available online: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. Accesed:12.10.2022.
  • Anonim. (2004). Yerli Hayvan Irk ve Hatlarının Tescili Hakkında Tebliğ, Tebliğ no: 2004/39 Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2021). https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SGB/TARYAT/Belgeler/il_yatirim_rehberleri/diyarbakir.pdf. Erişim tarihi:12.10.2022.
  • Aydoğdu MH, Şahin Z. (2022). Türkiye’deki Manda Varlığı ile Süt Üretim Miktarlarındaki Değişimlerin Son Dönemlerinin Analizi. Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences. 8(51): 612-616.
  • Borghese A, Mazzi M. (2005). Buffalo population and strategies in the world. In, Borghese A (Ed): Buffalo Production and Research. 1st. ed. Italy, 1-39, http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ ah847e/ah847e00.htm. Accessed: 12.10.2022
  • Gürler Z, Karadaş E, Kozan E, Çelik H A, Birdane F M, Kara R, Acaröz U. (2021). Investigation of Effect of Somatic Cell Count and Seasons on Buffalo Milk Quality. Kocatepe Vet J. 14(2): 268-273.
  • Costa A, Neglia G, Campanile G, De Marchi M. (2020). Milk somatic cell count and its relationship with milk yield and quality traits in Italian water buffaloes J Dairy Sci. 103: 5485-5494.
  • EUR-Lex. (2004.) B Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin.
  • United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2019). Determining U.S. Milk Quality Using Bulk-tank Somatic Cell Counts. Veterinary Services. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/dairy/downloads/dairy_monitoring/btscc_2019infosheet.pdf Erişim Tarihi:12.10.2022
  • Anonim. (2017). Çiğ Sütün Arzına Dair Tebliğ Tebliğ No: 2017/20.
  • Şahin A, Yıldırım A, Ulutaş Z. (2012). Tokat İli Halk Elinde Yetiştirilen Mandaların Çiğ Süt Kompozisyonu ve Somatik Hücre Sayısı. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniv. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Sonuç Raporu, Proje No:2011/13.
  • Sel V, Yilmaz I, Yanar M. (2020). Some Factors Affecting the Somatic Cell Count in the Milk of Anatolian Water Buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) raised in Igdir Province. Pak J Zool. 52(4): 1225-1230.
  • Han BZ, Meng Y, Li M, et al. (2007). A survey on the microbiological and chemical composition of buffalo milk in China. Food Control. 18: 742-746.
  • Soomro AH, Raunaq S, Sheikh SA, Khaskheli M, Talpur A. (2016). Assessment Of Microbial Quality Of Farm Buffalo Milk. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences. 32(2): 268-276.
  • Dhote LD, Bidgar GJ, Pansare NR, et al. (2019). Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Nagpuri Buffalo Raw Milk Collected at Different Areas in Nagpur City. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 8(2): 2744-2749.
  • Aytekin İ, Boztepe S. (2014). Süt Sığırlarında Somatik Hücre Sayısı, Önemi ve Etki Eden Faktörler. Turkish JAF Sci Tech. 2(3): 112-121.
  • Gürler Z, Kuyucuoğlu Y, Pamuk Ş. (2013). Chemical and microbiological quality of Anatolian Buffalo milk. Afr J Microbiol Res. 7(16): 1512-1517.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2006). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs— Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Coliforms-Colony-Count Technique. 4832.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO).(2003). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Microorganisms-Colony-Count Technique at 30 °C. 4833.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2001). Microbiology of food and animasl feeding stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of β-glucuronidase-positive Escherichia coli. Part 2, 16649-2.
  • Koburger JA, Marth EH. (1984). Yeast and moulds. In: Speck ML (ed) Compendium of methods for the examination of foods, 2nd edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, pp 197–201.
  • Hitchins AD, Feng P, Watkins WD, Rippey SR, Chandler LA. (2000). Escherichia coli and the coliform bacteria. Food and drug administration (8th ed.), AOAC International, Washington, DC p. 4.01-4.29
  • Pasquini M, Osimani A, Tavoletti S, Moreno I, Clementi F, Trombetta MF. (2018). Trends in the quality and hygiene parameters of bulk Italian Mediterranean buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk: A three year study. Animal Science Journal. 89: 176-85.
  • Tripaldi C, Terramoccia S, Bartocci S, Angelucci M, Danese V. (2003). The effects of the somatic cell count on yield, composition and coagulating properties of Mediterranean buffalo milk. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 16(5): 738-742.
  • Sharif A, Ahmad T, Bilal MQ, Yousaf A, Muhammad G. (2007). Effect of severity of subclinical mastitis on somatic cell count and lactose contents of buffalo milk. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 27(3): 142-144.
  • Harmon RJ. (2001). Somatıc Cell Counts: A Prımer. National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. 3-9.
  • Gürler H, Çiftci G, Salar S, Baştan A. (2018). Subklinik Mastitis’in Anadolu Mandalarının Süt Kompozisyonundaki Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametrelere Etkisi. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg. 29 (2): 151-156.
  • Alacam E, Tekeli T, Erganiş O, İzgi AN. (1989). The diagnosis, isolation of etiological agents and antibiotic susceptibility testresults in cows and buffaloes suffering from subclinical mastitis. Selcuk Univ Vet Fak Derg. 5: 91-101.
  • Sarıözkan S, Yakan A, Özkan H, ve ark. (2021). Anadolu Mandalarında Subklinik Mastitis Prevalansı ve Hastalığın Etkileri. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 18(3): 166-172.
  • Tripaldi C, Palocci G, Miarelli M, et al. (2010). Effects of Mastitis on Buffalo Milk Quality. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 23(10): 1319-1324.
  • Simoes MG, Portal RE, Rabelo JG, Ferreira CLLF. (2014). Seasonal Variations Affect the Physicochemical Composition of Bufallo Milk and Artisanal Cheeses Produced in Marajó Island (Pa, Brazil). Adv J Food Sci Technol. 6(1): 81-91.
  • Murphy SC, Boor KJ. (2000). Trouble-shooting sources and causes of high bacteria counts in raw milk. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, 20(8): 606-611.
  • Böhnlein C, Fiedler G, Loop J, Franz CM, Kabisch J. (2021). Microbiological quality and safety of raw milk from direct sale in northern Germany. Int Dairy J. 114: 1-7.
  • Metz M, Sheehan J, Feng PC. (2020). Use of indicator bacteria for monitoring sanitary quality of raw milk cheeses–A literature review. Food microbiol. 85: 1-11.
  • Coroian A, Coroian CO, Vodnar DC, Trif M. (2010). Study of the main microbiological traits in Romanian buffalo milk. HVM Bioflux, 2(2): 92-98.
  • Ali AA, Irshad N, Razaz SA, Manahil AA. (2010). Microbiological safety of raw milk in Khartoum state, Sudan: 1-Khartoum and Omdurman cities. Pak J Nutri. 9(5): 426-429. Snyder AB, Worobo RW. (2018). Fungal spoilage in food processing. J Food Prot. 81(6): 1035-1040.
  • Vu-Khac H, Cornick NA. (2008). Prevalence and genetic profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from buffaloes, cattle, and goats in central Vietnam. Vet Microbiol. 126(4): 356-363.
  • Şeker E, Kuyucuoğlu Y, Sareyyüpoğlu B, Yardımcı H. (2010). PCR detection of Shiga toxins, enterohaemolysin and intimin virulence genes of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from faeces of Anatolian water buffaloes in Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health. 57(7‐8): 33-37.
  • Rahimi E, Khamesipour F, Yazdi F, Momtaz H. (2012). Isolation and characterization of enterohaemorragic Escherichia coli O157: H7 and EHEC O157: NM from raw bovine, camel, water buffalo, caprine and ovine milk in Iran. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 18(4): 559-564.
  • Lye Y L, Afsah-Hejri L, Chang WS, et al. (2013). Risk of Escherichia coli O157: H7 transmission linked to the consumption of raw milk. Int Food Res. 20(2): 1001-1005.
  • Ahmad S, Gaucher I, Rousseau F, et al. (2008). Effects of acidification on physico-chemical characteristics of buffalo milk: A comparison with cow’s milk. Food Chemistry. 106(1): 11-17.
  • Khan MAS, Islam MN, Siddiki MSR. (2007). Physical and chemical composition of swamp and water buffalo milk: a comparative study. Ital J Anim Sci. 6(Suppl. 2): 1067-1070.
  • Mahmood A, Usman S. (2010). A comparative study on the physicochemical parameters of milk samples collected from buffalo, cow, goat and sheep of Gujrat, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9(12): 1192-1197.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Research
Authors

Berna Duman Aydın 0000-0001-6116-3274

Ahmet Çelik 0000-0001-5934-7170

Uğur Uçar 0000-0002-7394-3355

Hüsnü Şahan Güran 0000-0002-6674-5510

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Acceptance Date December 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Duman Aydın, B., Çelik, A., Uçar, U., Güran, H. Ş. (2022). Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1188536
AMA Duman Aydın B, Çelik A, Uçar U, Güran HŞ. Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. December 2022;15(2):93-98. doi:10.47027/duvetfd.1188536
Chicago Duman Aydın, Berna, Ahmet Çelik, Uğur Uçar, and Hüsnü Şahan Güran. “Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının Ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 15, no. 2 (December 2022): 93-98. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1188536.
EndNote Duman Aydın B, Çelik A, Uçar U, Güran HŞ (December 1, 2022) Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 15 2 93–98.
IEEE B. Duman Aydın, A. Çelik, U. Uçar, and H. Ş. Güran, “Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması”, Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 93–98, 2022, doi: 10.47027/duvetfd.1188536.
ISNAD Duman Aydın, Berna et al. “Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının Ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 15/2 (December 2022), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1188536.
JAMA Duman Aydın B, Çelik A, Uçar U, Güran HŞ. Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2022;15:93–98.
MLA Duman Aydın, Berna et al. “Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının Ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, 2022, pp. 93-98, doi:10.47027/duvetfd.1188536.
Vancouver Duman Aydın B, Çelik A, Uçar U, Güran HŞ. Diyarbakır Bölgesinde Üretilen Anadolu Manda Sütlerinde Somatik Hücre Sayısının ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitenin Araştırılması. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2022;15(2):93-8.