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PUBLIC SEGMENTS IN STRATEGIC PUBLIC RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SITUATIONAL THEORY OF PUBLICS: THE PROFILE OF ACTIVE, AWARE AND LATENT PUBLICS IN TURKEY

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 1073 - 1105, 29.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.433245

Abstract

The study aims to reveal the profile of the active, aware and latent publics in Turkey by segmenting the situational
theory of publics. Accordingly an empirical field study is carried out in İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir with 443
questionnaires consisting of the variables of the situational theory of publics and demographics. The results suggest
that the publics can be segmented into active, aware and latent publics according to the theory. Although aware
publics are found to be the largest publics, as the number of active publics are also enormous, building asymmetrical
relationships is considered as questionable. It is suggested that this query can be realized as three folded; for
corporations, public relations practitioners and academy to end the complexity of the public relations field in
Turkey. When the results of the research are evaluated in terms of active publics in Turkey, it can be stated that
there are some implications for the corporations, practitioners and the academy, which are the trivet of the public
relations field. 

References

  • ALDOORY, Linda; KIM, Jeong-Nam and TINDALL, Natalie (2010). The influence of perceived shared risk in crisis communication: Elaborating the situational theory of publics. Public Relations Review, 36, 134-140.
  • BERKOWITZ, Dan and TURNMIRE, Kirk (1994). Community relations and issues management: An issue orientation approach to segmenting publics. Journal of Public Relations Research, 6, 105-123.
  • CAMERON, Glen T (1992). Memory for investor relations messages: An information-processing study of Grunig's situational theory. Journal of Public Relations Research, 4, 45-60.
  • CAMPBELL, Thomas G. (2011). Remaining Vigilant Against Domestic Terrorism: Making Meaning Of Counter Terrorism In A National Awareness Campaign, Maryland University Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • CHAFFEE, Steven H and ROSER, Connie (1986). Involvement and the consistency of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Communication research, 13, 373-399.
  • CLARK, Terry N and TARDE, G (1969). On Communication and Social Influence: Selected Papers, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • CURRY, Tiphane P (2007). Black Women’s Meaning Making Of Hiv/Aids Campaigns: A Black Feminist Approach To The Impact Of Race On The Reception Of Targeted Health Communication, Maryland University Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • DOZIER, David M and EHLING, William P 2005. Halkla İlişkiler Programlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Programların Etkileri Konusunda Literatürün Bize Söyledikleri. In: GRUNIG, J. E. (ed.) Halkla İlişkilerde ve İletişim Yönetiminde Mükemmellik. İstanbul: Rota Yayınları.
  • ENGELBERG, Moshe; FLORA, June A and NASS, Clifford I (1995). AIDS knowledge: Effects of channel involvement and interpersonal communication. Health Communication, 7, 73-91.
  • GÖK DEMIR, Zuhal (2013). Kamuların Durumsal Kuramı Çerçevesinde Stratejik Halkla İlişkilerde Kamu Segmentasyonu. International Symposium on Media Studies. Antalya.
  • GRUNIG, James E (1978). Defining publics in public relations: The case of a suburban hospital. Journalism Quarterly, 55, 109-124.
  • GRUNIG, JAMES E (1980) Public Response To Corporate Communication About Public Policy Issues”, Paper presented to the Operations Research Society of America/Institute of Management Sciences, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 33.
  • GRUNIG, JAMES E (1982) Developing Economic Education Programs For The Press”, Public Relations Review, 8 (3), 43-62.
  • GRUNIG, James E (1983). Communication behaviors and attitudes of environmental publics: Two studies. Journalism and Communication Monographs, 81.
  • GRUNIG, James E (1989). Sierra Club study shows who become activists. Public Relations Review, 15, 3-24.
  • GRUNIG, James E (1997). A situational theory of publics: Conceptual history, recent challenges and new research. Public relations research: An international perspective, 3.
  • GRUNIG, James E and HUNT, Todd (1984). Managing public relations, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
  • GRUNIG, James E and IPES, Daniel A (1983). The anatomy of a campaign against drunk driving. Public Relations Review, 9, 36-52.
  • GRUNIG, James E and REPPER, Fred C (2005). Stratejik Yönetim, Kamular ve Gündemler. Halkla İlişkiler ve İletişim Yönetiminde Mükemmellik, 1, 131-172.
  • GRUNIG, James E and STAMM, Keith R (1979). Cognitive strategies and the resolution of environmental issues: A second study. Journalism Quarterly, 56, 715-726.
  • GRUNIG, James E; NELSON, Clifford L; RICHBURG, Susie J and WHITE, Terry J (1988). Communication by agricultural publics: Internal and external orientations. Journalism Quarterly, 65, 26-38.
  • GRUNIG, Larissa A; GRUNIG, James E and EHLING, William P (1992). What is an effective organization. Excellence in public relations and communication management, 65-90.
  • GUILFOIL, Emily N. (2010). Nautical Knowledge: An Experimental Analysis Of The Influence Of Public Relations Strategies In Safe Boating Communication, University of South Florida Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • HALLAHAN, Kirk (2000). Inactive publics: the forgotten publics in public relations∗. Public Relations Review, 26, 499-515.
  • HAMILTON, Peter K (1992). Grunig's situational theory: A replication, application, and extension. Journal of Public Relations Research, 4, 123-149.
  • HEATH, Robert L; LIAO, Shu-Huei and DOUGLAS, William (1995). Effects of perceived economic harms and benefits on issue involvement, use of information sources, and actions: A study in risk communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 7, 89-109.
  • HERMANN, Claire (2007). Communicating About The Rural Advancement Foundation İnternational – Usa: An Application Of Organisational İdentity, Organisational İmage And The Situational Theory Of Publics, University of North Caralina Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • HONG, Hyehyun; PARK, Hyojung; LEE, Youngah and PARK, Jongmin (2012). Public segmentation and government–public relationship building: A cluster analysis of publics in the United States and 19 European countries. Journal of Public Relations Research, 24, 37-68.
  • KARAKAYA ŞATıR, Çiğdem and GÖK DEMIR, Zuhal 2013. The Power Of Publics In Strategic Public Relations: The Effect Of Social Media On Formation Of Publics. In: OKAY, A. C. V. T. R. (ed.) Researching the Changing Profession of Public Relations. SA: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • KIM, Jeong- Nam (2006). Comminicant Activeness, Cognitive Entrepreneurship, and a Situational Theory of Problem Solving, Maryland University Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi
  • KIM, Jeong-Nam; NI, Lan and SHA, Bey-Ling (2008). Breaking down the stakeholder environment: Explicating approaches to the segmentation of publics for public relations research. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 85, 751-768.
  • KITCHEN, Philip J. (1997). Public relations: Principles and practice, Cengage Learning EMEA.
  • LEE, Suman and RODRIGUEZ, Lulu (2008). Four publics of anti-bioterrorism information campaigns: A test of the situational theory. Public Relations Review, 34, 60-62.
  • LOTILA, Pia (2010). Corporate responsiveness to social pressure: An interaction-based model. Journal of business ethics, 94, 395-409.
  • MAJOR, Ann Marie (1993). Environmental concern and situational communication theory: Implications for communicating with environmental publics. Journal of Public Relations Research, 5, 251-268.
  • PARK, Nohil ve JEONG, JiYeon (2011). Finding Publics Within The Blogsphere: The Blogger Public Segmentation Model, Asian journal of communication 21:4, 389-408
  • PAVLIK, John V (1988). Audience Complexity as a Component of Campaign Planning. Public Relations Review, 14, 12-21.
  • SHA, Bey-Ling (2006). Cultural identity in the segmentation of publics: An emerging theory of intercultural public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18, 45-65.
  • SRIRAMESH, Krishnamurthy MOGHAN, Saminathan ve WEI Daniel L. K. (2007). The Situational Theory Of Publics In A Different Cultural Setting: Consumer Publics In Singapore, Journal of Public Relations Research, 19:4, 307-332
  • TKALAC, Ana (2008). Application of Situational Theory in Croatia, (Editör), Elizabeth L. Toth, The Future Of Excellence In Public Relations And Communication Management: Challenges For The Next Generation, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Publishers, 527-545.
  • VARDEMAN, Jennifer Eileen (2005). Women’s Meaning Making Of Cervical Cancer Campaigns:Using A Cultural Approach To Redifine Women’s Involvement With Their Health, Maryland University Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • WAIYACHOTE, Pitchaya (2009). Young Adults’ Communication Behaviour About Climate Change: The Situational Theory Of Publics, Hawai Pasific University Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • WEBERLING, Brooke (2011). From Awareness To Advocacy: Understanding Communication About Cancer And Non Profit Support, North Carolina University Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi.
  • WERDER, Kelly Page (2005). An empirical analysis of the influence of perceived attributes of publics on public relations strategy use and effectiveness. Journal of Public Relations Research, 17, 217-266.
  • WILLIAMS Jason F. (1996). The Combination Of Symbolic Convergence Theory And Situational Theory Of Publics To Investigate Messages And Publics Involved In A Public Relations Campaign, University of South Alabama Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • YAZICIOGLU, Yahçi and ERDOGAN, Samiye (2004). SPSS Uygulamali Bilimsel Arastirma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayincilik, 49-50.

KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 1073 - 1105, 29.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.433245

Abstract

Bu çalışma Türkiye’deki kamuları, kamuların durumsal kuramı ile segmente ederek aktif, uyanmış ve gizli
kamuların profil özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir illerinde
kamuların durumsal kuramının değişkenleri ve demografik sorulardan oluşan 443 anket formu ile ampirik bir alan
araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda kamular kurama göre aktif, uyanmış ve gizli kamu olarak
segmente edilmiş ve en kalabalık kamu segmenti uyanmış kamu olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ancak aktif kamunun da
sayısal olarak güçlü tespit edilmesi bugüne kadar genellikle asimetrik olarak inşa edilen ilişkileri sorgulatmaya
başlayacağını düşündürmektedir. Bu sorgulamanın Türkiye’de halka ilişkiler alanında var olan karmaşanın
bütünlüğe kavuşması açısından üç boyutlu olarak; örgütler, uygulayıcılar ve akademi tarafından gerçekleştirilmesi
önerilmektedir. Bu çalışma aktif kamunun varlığı açısından yorumlandığında örgütler, uygulayıcılar ve akademiyi
içeren halkla ilişkiler alanının üç sacayağı için bir takım sonuçlar yaratmaktadır.

References

  • ALDOORY, Linda; KIM, Jeong-Nam and TINDALL, Natalie (2010). The influence of perceived shared risk in crisis communication: Elaborating the situational theory of publics. Public Relations Review, 36, 134-140.
  • BERKOWITZ, Dan and TURNMIRE, Kirk (1994). Community relations and issues management: An issue orientation approach to segmenting publics. Journal of Public Relations Research, 6, 105-123.
  • CAMERON, Glen T (1992). Memory for investor relations messages: An information-processing study of Grunig's situational theory. Journal of Public Relations Research, 4, 45-60.
  • CAMPBELL, Thomas G. (2011). Remaining Vigilant Against Domestic Terrorism: Making Meaning Of Counter Terrorism In A National Awareness Campaign, Maryland University Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • CHAFFEE, Steven H and ROSER, Connie (1986). Involvement and the consistency of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Communication research, 13, 373-399.
  • CLARK, Terry N and TARDE, G (1969). On Communication and Social Influence: Selected Papers, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • CURRY, Tiphane P (2007). Black Women’s Meaning Making Of Hiv/Aids Campaigns: A Black Feminist Approach To The Impact Of Race On The Reception Of Targeted Health Communication, Maryland University Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • DOZIER, David M and EHLING, William P 2005. Halkla İlişkiler Programlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Programların Etkileri Konusunda Literatürün Bize Söyledikleri. In: GRUNIG, J. E. (ed.) Halkla İlişkilerde ve İletişim Yönetiminde Mükemmellik. İstanbul: Rota Yayınları.
  • ENGELBERG, Moshe; FLORA, June A and NASS, Clifford I (1995). AIDS knowledge: Effects of channel involvement and interpersonal communication. Health Communication, 7, 73-91.
  • GÖK DEMIR, Zuhal (2013). Kamuların Durumsal Kuramı Çerçevesinde Stratejik Halkla İlişkilerde Kamu Segmentasyonu. International Symposium on Media Studies. Antalya.
  • GRUNIG, James E (1978). Defining publics in public relations: The case of a suburban hospital. Journalism Quarterly, 55, 109-124.
  • GRUNIG, JAMES E (1980) Public Response To Corporate Communication About Public Policy Issues”, Paper presented to the Operations Research Society of America/Institute of Management Sciences, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 33.
  • GRUNIG, JAMES E (1982) Developing Economic Education Programs For The Press”, Public Relations Review, 8 (3), 43-62.
  • GRUNIG, James E (1983). Communication behaviors and attitudes of environmental publics: Two studies. Journalism and Communication Monographs, 81.
  • GRUNIG, James E (1989). Sierra Club study shows who become activists. Public Relations Review, 15, 3-24.
  • GRUNIG, James E (1997). A situational theory of publics: Conceptual history, recent challenges and new research. Public relations research: An international perspective, 3.
  • GRUNIG, James E and HUNT, Todd (1984). Managing public relations, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
  • GRUNIG, James E and IPES, Daniel A (1983). The anatomy of a campaign against drunk driving. Public Relations Review, 9, 36-52.
  • GRUNIG, James E and REPPER, Fred C (2005). Stratejik Yönetim, Kamular ve Gündemler. Halkla İlişkiler ve İletişim Yönetiminde Mükemmellik, 1, 131-172.
  • GRUNIG, James E and STAMM, Keith R (1979). Cognitive strategies and the resolution of environmental issues: A second study. Journalism Quarterly, 56, 715-726.
  • GRUNIG, James E; NELSON, Clifford L; RICHBURG, Susie J and WHITE, Terry J (1988). Communication by agricultural publics: Internal and external orientations. Journalism Quarterly, 65, 26-38.
  • GRUNIG, Larissa A; GRUNIG, James E and EHLING, William P (1992). What is an effective organization. Excellence in public relations and communication management, 65-90.
  • GUILFOIL, Emily N. (2010). Nautical Knowledge: An Experimental Analysis Of The Influence Of Public Relations Strategies In Safe Boating Communication, University of South Florida Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • HALLAHAN, Kirk (2000). Inactive publics: the forgotten publics in public relations∗. Public Relations Review, 26, 499-515.
  • HAMILTON, Peter K (1992). Grunig's situational theory: A replication, application, and extension. Journal of Public Relations Research, 4, 123-149.
  • HEATH, Robert L; LIAO, Shu-Huei and DOUGLAS, William (1995). Effects of perceived economic harms and benefits on issue involvement, use of information sources, and actions: A study in risk communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 7, 89-109.
  • HERMANN, Claire (2007). Communicating About The Rural Advancement Foundation İnternational – Usa: An Application Of Organisational İdentity, Organisational İmage And The Situational Theory Of Publics, University of North Caralina Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • HONG, Hyehyun; PARK, Hyojung; LEE, Youngah and PARK, Jongmin (2012). Public segmentation and government–public relationship building: A cluster analysis of publics in the United States and 19 European countries. Journal of Public Relations Research, 24, 37-68.
  • KARAKAYA ŞATıR, Çiğdem and GÖK DEMIR, Zuhal 2013. The Power Of Publics In Strategic Public Relations: The Effect Of Social Media On Formation Of Publics. In: OKAY, A. C. V. T. R. (ed.) Researching the Changing Profession of Public Relations. SA: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • KIM, Jeong- Nam (2006). Comminicant Activeness, Cognitive Entrepreneurship, and a Situational Theory of Problem Solving, Maryland University Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi
  • KIM, Jeong-Nam; NI, Lan and SHA, Bey-Ling (2008). Breaking down the stakeholder environment: Explicating approaches to the segmentation of publics for public relations research. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 85, 751-768.
  • KITCHEN, Philip J. (1997). Public relations: Principles and practice, Cengage Learning EMEA.
  • LEE, Suman and RODRIGUEZ, Lulu (2008). Four publics of anti-bioterrorism information campaigns: A test of the situational theory. Public Relations Review, 34, 60-62.
  • LOTILA, Pia (2010). Corporate responsiveness to social pressure: An interaction-based model. Journal of business ethics, 94, 395-409.
  • MAJOR, Ann Marie (1993). Environmental concern and situational communication theory: Implications for communicating with environmental publics. Journal of Public Relations Research, 5, 251-268.
  • PARK, Nohil ve JEONG, JiYeon (2011). Finding Publics Within The Blogsphere: The Blogger Public Segmentation Model, Asian journal of communication 21:4, 389-408
  • PAVLIK, John V (1988). Audience Complexity as a Component of Campaign Planning. Public Relations Review, 14, 12-21.
  • SHA, Bey-Ling (2006). Cultural identity in the segmentation of publics: An emerging theory of intercultural public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18, 45-65.
  • SRIRAMESH, Krishnamurthy MOGHAN, Saminathan ve WEI Daniel L. K. (2007). The Situational Theory Of Publics In A Different Cultural Setting: Consumer Publics In Singapore, Journal of Public Relations Research, 19:4, 307-332
  • TKALAC, Ana (2008). Application of Situational Theory in Croatia, (Editör), Elizabeth L. Toth, The Future Of Excellence In Public Relations And Communication Management: Challenges For The Next Generation, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Publishers, 527-545.
  • VARDEMAN, Jennifer Eileen (2005). Women’s Meaning Making Of Cervical Cancer Campaigns:Using A Cultural Approach To Redifine Women’s Involvement With Their Health, Maryland University Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • WAIYACHOTE, Pitchaya (2009). Young Adults’ Communication Behaviour About Climate Change: The Situational Theory Of Publics, Hawai Pasific University Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • WEBERLING, Brooke (2011). From Awareness To Advocacy: Understanding Communication About Cancer And Non Profit Support, North Carolina University Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi.
  • WERDER, Kelly Page (2005). An empirical analysis of the influence of perceived attributes of publics on public relations strategy use and effectiveness. Journal of Public Relations Research, 17, 217-266.
  • WILLIAMS Jason F. (1996). The Combination Of Symbolic Convergence Theory And Situational Theory Of Publics To Investigate Messages And Publics Involved In A Public Relations Campaign, University of South Alabama Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • YAZICIOGLU, Yahçi and ERDOGAN, Samiye (2004). SPSS Uygulamali Bilimsel Arastirma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayincilik, 49-50.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zuhal Gök Demir 0000-0001-6489-3125

Çiğdem Karakaya Şatır This is me 0000-0002-1172-0973

Publication Date September 29, 2018
Submission Date June 12, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gök Demir, Z., & Karakaya Şatır, Ç. (2018). KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 6(2), 1073-1105. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.433245
AMA Gök Demir Z, Karakaya Şatır Ç. KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ. e-gifder. September 2018;6(2):1073-1105. doi:10.19145/e-gifder.433245
Chicago Gök Demir, Zuhal, and Çiğdem Karakaya Şatır. “KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 6, no. 2 (September 2018): 1073-1105. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.433245.
EndNote Gök Demir Z, Karakaya Şatır Ç (September 1, 2018) KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 6 2 1073–1105.
IEEE Z. Gök Demir and Ç. Karakaya Şatır, “KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ”, e-gifder, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1073–1105, 2018, doi: 10.19145/e-gifder.433245.
ISNAD Gök Demir, Zuhal - Karakaya Şatır, Çiğdem. “KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 6/2 (September 2018), 1073-1105. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.433245.
JAMA Gök Demir Z, Karakaya Şatır Ç. KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ. e-gifder. 2018;6:1073–1105.
MLA Gök Demir, Zuhal and Çiğdem Karakaya Şatır. “KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, 2018, pp. 1073-05, doi:10.19145/e-gifder.433245.
Vancouver Gök Demir Z, Karakaya Şatır Ç. KAMULARIN DURUMSAL KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA STRATEJİK HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE KAMU SEGMENTLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AKTİF, UYANMIŞ VE GİZLİ KAMULARIN PROFİLİ. e-gifder. 2018;6(2):1073-105.