İşgörenlerin Çalışma Yaşamı Kalitesi Algılamalarının İşte Kalma Niyeti ve İşe Devamsızlık ile İlişkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Dalaman havalimanında faaliyet gösteren ulaştırma, seyahat ve yer hizmetleri işletmelerinde işgörenlerin çalışma yaşamı kalitesi algılamaları-işte kalma niyeti-işe devamsızlık ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Öncelikle konuyla ilgili bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Buradan elde edilen bilgilerle araştırma modeli oluşturulmuş ve buna göre bir anket geliştirilmiştir. Yüzyüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplam 229 katılımcıya bir anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve LISREL istatistik programları ile analiz edilerek açıklayıcı faktör analizi ile verilerin yapısal ve yakınsak geçerliliği yapılmıştır. Daha sonra çalışma yaşamı kalitesi-işte kalma niyeti-işe devamsızlık arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla oluşturulan hipotezlerin ölçülmesi için yapısal eşitlik modelinde doğrulayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma yaşamı kalitesi ile işte kalma niyeti faktörleri arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilirken işe devamsızlık faktörü ile negatif yönlü bir ilişkinin varlığı ortaya konulmuştur. Diğer yandan işte kalma niyeti ile işe devamsızlık faktörleri arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçta oluşturulan tüm hipotezler desteklenmiştir

Keywords

• Çalışma yaşamı kalitesi, işte kalma niyeti, işe devamsızlık, işgören, havalimanı

Relationships between Employees’ Perceptions of Quality of Work Life, Intent to Remain with the Organization and Employee Absenteeism

Abstract

This study examined the relationships between employees’ perceptions of quality of work life, intent to remain with the organization and employee absenteeism at the airport businesses in Dalaman. Previously a literature review was conducted for research model and then questionnaire was developed from the studies in the literature. Data were collected by researchers in face-to-face interviews with 229 employees and were analyzed with SPSS and LISREL statistical programs. Structural and convergent validity of the data have revealed with the explanatory factor analysis. And then, it was tested using a confirmatory factor analysis to determine the relationship among quality of work life, intent to remain with the organization and employee absenteeism in structural equation modelling. It was found to be a positive relationship between quality of work life factors and intent to remain with the organization factor while a negative relationship between quality of work life factors and employee absenteeism support factor. On the other hand, it was found to be a negative relationship between intent to remain with the organization and employee absenteeism. As a result, all hypotheses have been supported

Keywords

• Quality of work life, intent to remain, absenteeism, employee, airport

References

1. Adler, A. (1999) Normal Yaşamda ve İş Yaşamında Psi- kolojik Aktivite, (Çeviren: Belkıs Çorakçı), İstanbul, Say Ya- yınevi.
2. Arnold, J. ve Davey, K.M. (1999) “Graduates’ Work Experiences as Predictors of Organisational Commitment, Intention to Leave, and Turnover: Which Experiences Really Matter?” Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48(2): 211-238.
3. Aryee, S., Budhwar, P.S. ve Chen, Z.X. (2002) “Trust as a Mediator of the Relationship between Organizational Jus- tice and Work Outcomes: Test of a Social Exchange Model” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(3): 267-285.
4. Bassi, L. J., ve Diğerleri (2000) Profiting from Learning: Do Firms. Investments in Education and Training Pay Off?, An ASTD/Saba White Paper.
5. Bayazıt, Ö. (1998) “Toplam Kalite Yönetiminin Yürü- tülmesinde Önemli Bir Araç: Kalite Çemberleri” Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 53(1): 95-105.
6. Beauregard, T.A. ve Henry, L.C. (2009) “Making the Link between Work-Life Balance Practices and Organizati- onal Performance” Human Resource Management Review, 19: 9-22.
7. Beh, L. ve Rose, R.C. (2007) “Linking QWL and Job Performance: Implications for Organizations” Performance Improvement, 46(6): 30-35.
8. Bowditch, J.L. ve Buono, A.F. (1994) A Primer on Orga- nizational Behavior, USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

9. Browne, J. H. (2005) “High Performance Work Stra- tegies: Empowerment or Repression For The Working Class?” Journal of Business & Economics Research, 3(7): 1-4.
10. Can, A. (1991) “Çalışma Hayatının Kalitesinin Geliştiril- mesi” Ankara, I. Verimlilik Kongresi MPM Yayınları: 454: 89-101.
11. Carayon, P. ve Smith, M.J. (2000) “Work Organization and Ergonomics” Applied Ergonomics, 31: 649-662.
12. Carmeli, A., Elizur, D. ve Yaniv, E. (2007) “The Theory of Work Commitment: A Facet Analysis” Personnel Review, 36(4): 638-649.
13. Cooper, C.L. (2009) “The Transition from the Quality of Working Life to Organizational Behavior: The First Two Decades” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30: 3–8.
14. Da Silva, N., Hutcheson, J., ve Wahl, G.D. (2010) “Organizational Strategy And Employee Outcomes: A Per- son–Organization Fit Perspective” The Journal of Psychology, 144(2): 145-161.
15. Danford, A. ve Diğerleri (2008) “Partnership, High Per- formance Work Systems and Quality of Working Life” New Technology, Work and Employment, 23(3): 151-166.
16. DeConinck, J.B. ve Stilwell, C.D. (2004) “Incorpora- ting Organizational Justice, Role States, Pay Satisfaction and Supervisor Satisfaction in a Model of Turnover Intentions” Journal of Business Research, 57: 225-231.
17. Demir, M. (2002) “Konaklama İşletmelerinde İnsan Kaynakları Kapsamında İşgücü Devir Hızının Analizi ve Muğla Bölgesi Örneği” Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir, DEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
18. Demir, M. ve Tütüncü, O. (2010) “Ağırlama İşlet- melerinde Örgütsel Sapma ile İşten Ayrılma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki” Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 61(1): 64-74.
19. Demir, M. (2010) “Duygusal Zekanın İnsan Kaynakla- rı Seçimindeki Etkisi: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Yöneticiler Üzerine Bir Araştırma” Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1): 1066-1081.
20. Fields, D., Pang, M. ve Chiu, C. (2000) “A Comparati- ve Field Study of the Effects of Distributive and Procedural Justice in Hong Kong” Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 21(5): 547-562.
21. Fields, M. W. ve Thacker, J. W. (1992) “Influence of Quality of Work Life on Company and Union Commit- ment” Academy of Management Journal, 35(2): 439-450.
22. Fox, S., Spector, P.E. ve Miles, D. (2001) “Counterpro- ductive Work Behavior (CWB) in Response to Job Stressors and Organizational Justice: Some Mediator and Moderator Tests for Autonomy and Emotions” Journal of Vocational Be- havior, 59(3): 291-309.
23. Garg, P. ve Rastogi, R. (2006) “New Model of Job De- sign: Motivating Employees’ Performance” Journal of Mana- gement Development, 25(6): 572-587.
24. Genaidy, A., Abdallah, S., Salem, O., Karwowski, W. ve Shel, R. (2002) “The Fundamentals of Work System Com- patibility Theory: An Integrated Approach to Optimization of Human Performance at Work”, Theoretical Issues in Ergo- nomics Science, 3(4): 346-368.
25. Giesecke, J. (2007) Emotional Intelligence, Lincoln, Uni- versity of Nebraska-Faculty Publications.
26. Gilbert, B. (1989) “The Impact of Union Involvement on the Design and Introduction of Working Life” Human Relations, 42(12): 1057-1078.
27. Gillespie, M.A., Denison, D.R., Haaland, S., Smerek, R. ve Neale, W.S. (2008) “Linking Organizational Culture and Customer Satisfaction: Results from Two Companies in Different Industries” European Journal of Work and Organi- zational Psychology, 17(1): 112-132.
28. Gupta, A. K. ve Govindarajan, V. (2000) “The Social Ecology of a Knowledge Machine” Sloan Management Revi- ew, 42(1): 71-80.
29. Guthrie, J. P. (2000) “Alternative Pay Practices and Employee Turnover: An Organization Economics Perspec- tive” Group & Organization Management, 25(4): 419-439.
30. Harris, D.H. (2000) “The Benefits of Exit Interviews” Information Systems Management, 17(3): 17-20.
31. Hian, C.C. ve Einstein, W.O. (1990) “Quality of Work Life (QWL): What Can Unions Do?” SAM Advanced Ma- nagement Journal, 55(2): 17-22.
32. Huzzard, T. (2003) The Convergence of the Quality of Working Life and Competitiveness, Stockholm, National Ins- titute for Working Life.
33. Joreskog, K. ve Sorbom, D. (2001) LISREL 8: User’s Re- ference Guide, Uppsala, Scientific Software International Inc.
34. Kandasamy, I. ve Ancheri, S. (2009) “Hotel Employees’ Expectations of QWL: A Qualitative Study” International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28: 1-10.
35. Keser, A. (2005) “Çalışma Yaşamı ile Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisine Teorik Bakış” Prof.Dr. Toker Dereli’ye Armağan, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Dergisi, 897-913.
36. Kozak, M.A. ve Akçay, A.D. (2010) Otel Çalışanları- nın İşte Kalma Niyeti Üzerine Bir Uygulama, V. Lisansüstü Turizm Öğrencileri Araştırma Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 356- 376.
37. Lauver, K.J., ve Kristof-Brown, A. (2001) “Distinguis- hing between Employees’ Perceptions of Person-Job and Per- son-Organization Fit” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3): 454-470.
38. Liou, K.T. (1998) “Employee Turnover Intention and Professional Orientation: A Study of Detention Workers” Public Administration Quarterly, 22(2): 161-175.
39. Liu, B., Liu, J. ve Hu, J. (2010) “Person-Organization Fit, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study in the Chinese Public Sector” Social Behavior and Per- sonality, 38 (5): 615-626.
40. Lowe, G.S. (2001) “Quality of Work-Quality of Life” Work/Life Balance and Employee Wellness Strategies Conference, 14 May 2001, Edmonton.
41. Markey, R., Lamm, F., Harris, C., Ravenswood, K. ve Williamson. D. (2008) “Improving Productivity through Enhancing Employee Wellness and Well-being” (Workshop 10: The Role of Participation for Occupational Health and Safety and a Good Working Life) Third European Congress of the Work and Labour Network, 24-26 September, Rome.
42. Martel, J.P. ve Dupuis, G. (2006) “Quality of Work Life: Theoretical and Methodological Problems, and Presen- tation of a New Model and Measuring Instrument” Social Indicators Research, 77: 333-368.
43. Meister, D. (2001) “Basic Premises and Principles of Human Factors Measurement” Theoretical Issues in Ergono- mics Science, 2(1): 1-22.
44. Meyer J.P. ve Allen, N.J. (1997) Commitment in Work- place, Theory, Research and Application, London, Sage.
45. Meyer, J. P. ve Allen, N. J. (1991) “A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment” Hu- man Resources Management Review, 1: 61-89.
46. Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L. ve Topolnytsky, L. (2002) “Affective, Continuance, and Normative Com- mitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antece- dents, Correlates, and Consequences” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61: 20-52.
47. Moody, R. W. (2000) “Going, Going, Gone” Internal Auditor, 57(3): 36-41.
48. Morrow, P.C., McElroyb, J.C., Laczniakc, K.S. ve Fen- ton, J.B. (1999) “Using Absenteeism and Performance to Predict Employee Turnover: Early Detection through Com- pany Records” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55: 358-374.
49. Mowday, R., Porter, L., ve Steers, R. (1982) Employee- Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Ab- senteeism and Turnover, New York, Academic Press.
50. Namasivayam, K. ve Zhao, X. (2007) An Investigation Of the Moderating Effects of Organizational Commitment on the Relationships Between Work–Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction Among Hospitality Employees in India, To- urism Management, 28: 1212-1223.
51. Newstorm, J. ve Davis, K. (1997) Organzational Beha- vior, Human Behavior at Work, NewYork, McGraw Hill.
52. Nichols, L.T. (2001) “Parsons and Simmel at Harvard: Scientific Paradigms and Organizational Culture” in Talcott Parsons Today: His Theory and Legacy in Contemporary Socio- logy (ed. A. Javier Trevino and Neil J. Smelser), 1-28, USA, Rowman & Littlefield.
53. Niemela, R., Hannulab, M., Rautioa, S., Reijulaa, K. ve Railioc, J. (2002) “The Effect of Air Temperature on Labour Productivity in Call Centres-A Case Study” Energy and Bu- ildings, 34: 759-764.
54. Otto, A. ve Bourguet, C. (2006) “Quality of Work Life Programs in U.S. Medical Schools: Review and Case Studi- es” CUPA-HR Journal, Spring/Summer, 17-26.
55. Özgen, H., Öztürk A. ve Yalçın A. (2002) İnsan Kaynak- ları Yönetimi, Adana, Nobel Kitabevi.
56. Özkalp, E. ve Kırel, Ç. (2001) Örgütsel Davranış, Eskişe- hir, Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim, Sağlık ve Bilimsel Araştır- ma Çalışmaları Vakfı Yayınları.
57. Pizam, A. ve Thornburg, S.W. (2000) “Absenteeism and Voluntary Turnover in Central Florida Hotels: A Pilot Study” International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19: 211-217.
58. Rethinam, G.S. ve Ismail, M. (2008) “Constructs of Quality of Work Life: A Perspective of Information and Technology Professionals” European Journal of Social Scien- ces, 7(1): 58-70.
59. Riehl, B. (2000) “Job Enrichment: One Avenue to Re- taining Strong Staff and Providing Quality Service or They Really can do More than Interpret” PEPNet 2000, 247-251.
60. Rose, M. (2003) “Good Deal, Bad Deal? Job Satisfacti- on in Occupations” Work, Employment and Society, 17 (3): 503-530.
61. Rose, R.C., Beh, L., Uli, J. ve Idris, K. (2006) “An Analysis of Quality of Work Life (QWL) and Career- Re- lated Variables” American Journal of Applied Sciences, 3(12): 2151-2159.
62. Saraji, G. N. ve Dargahi, H. (2006) “Study of Quality of Work Life (QWL)” Iranian Journal Public Health, 35(4): 8-14.
63. Schulze, N. (1998) “Yaşam Kalitesini Yükselten Temel Unsur Olarak İşin İnsancıllaştırılması” 6. Ergonomi Kongresi, Ankara, M. P. M. Yayınları, 519-532.
64. Shoaf, C., Genaidy, A., Karwowski, W. ve Huang, S.W. (2004) “Improving Performance and Quality of Working Life: A Model for Organizational Health Assessment in Emerging Enterprises” Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, 14(1): 81-95.
65. Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007) Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Temel İlkeler ve LISREL Uygulamaları, Ankara, Ekinoks Ya- yınevi.
66. Şimşek, Ş., Akgemci, T. ve Çelik, A. (1998) Davranış Bi- limlerine Giriş ve Örgütlerde Davranış, Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
67. Sirgy, M. J., Efraty, D., Siegel, P. ve Lee, D.J. (2001) “A New Measure of Quality of Work Life (QWL) Based on Need Satisfaction and Spillover Theories” Social Indicators Research, 55(3): 241-302.
68. Sivadas, E. ve Baker-Prewitt, J.L. (2000) “An Examina- tion of the Relationship between Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Store Loyalty” International Journal of Reta- il & Distribution Management, 28(2): 73-82.
69. Syptak, J.M., Marsland, D.W. ve Ulmer, D. (1999) “Job Satisfaction: Putting Theory into Practice Family” Practice Management, 6(9): 26-31.
70. Timossi, L. S., Francisco, A.C., Junior, G.S. ve Xavi- er, A.A.P (2008) “Evaluation of Quality of Work Life: An Adaptation from the Walton’s QWL Model” XIV. Internati- onal Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 13-16 October, Rio de Janeiro.
71. Trau, R.N.C. ve Härtel, C.E. (2007) “Contextual Fac- tors Affecting Quality of Work Life and Career Attitudes of Gay Men” The Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 19(3): 207-219.
72. Tütüncü, Ö. (2000) “Karayolu İşletmelerinde İşten Ay- rılma Eğilimin Analizi” Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bi- limler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(4): 106-121.
73. Virick, M., Lilly, J.D. ve Casper, W.J. (2007) “Doing More with Less an Analysis of Work Life Balance among Layoff Survivors” Career Development International, 12(5): 463-480.
74. Walton, R.E., (1975) “Criteria for Quality of Working Life” In: Davis, L.E., Cherns, A.B. (Eds.) The Quality of Working Life, New York, The Free Press and Associates, 91- 104.
75. Wong, C.S. ve Law, K.S. (2002) “The Effects of Leader and Follower Emotional Intelligence on Performance and Attitude: An Exploratory Study” The Leadership Quarterly, 13: 243-274.
76. Yüksel, İ. (2004) “Çalışma Yaşamı Kalitesinin Tipik ve Atipik İstihdam Açısından İncelenmesi” Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5(1): 47-58.
77. Yüksel, Ö. (1998) İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, Ankara, Gazi Kitabevi.