Measurement of Agriculture Efficiency in OECD Countries: Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis

Abstract

This paper aims to measure agricultural efficiency levels of OECD countries using Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DDEA) over the 1966-2007 period. The DDEA pays attention to intertemporal input output dependency and allows the modeling of inter-temporal behaviors of the economic decision-making units for a given period. The findings of this study show that the most efficient countries in the agricultural sector are Italy, BelgiumLuxemburg, Holland and New Zealand. It is also seen that the main source of inefficiency in the agricultural sector is dynamic inefficiency for 25 of the 29 OECD countries over the study period. Dynamic inefficiency indicates that the countries are unsuccessful in their inter-temporal decision-making processes or that quasifixed inputs are not used in their optimal levels

Keywords

• Efficiency, Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis, Agriculture, OECD Countries

OECD Ülkelerinde Tarımsal Etkinlik Ölçümü: Dinamik Veri Zarflama Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Dinamik Veri Zarflama Analizi yaklaşımı kullanılarak OECD ülkelerinin 1966-2007 dönemi tarımsal etkinlik düzeylerinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Dinamik Veri Zarflama Analizi ekonomik karar birimlerin tarımsal etkinlik düzeylerinin hesaplanmasında dönemlerarası girdi-çıktı bağımlılığını göz önüne alan veya diğer bir ifadeyle ekonomik karar birimlerinin dönemlerarası davranışlarının modellenmesine olanak sağlayan bir yaklaşımdır. Bu çerçevede çalışma bulguları, İtalya, Belçika-Lüksemburg, Hollanda ve Yeni Zelanda’nın tarımsal üretimde en etkin ülkeler olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan, çalışmamız kapsamındaki 29 OECD ülkesinin 25’inde tarım sektöründeki etkinsizliğin temel kaynağını dinamik etkinsizliğin oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Dinamik etkinsizliğin ön plana çıkması ise ülkelerin dönemlerarası karar alma süreçlerinde başarısız olduklarını yada yarı-sabit girdilerini optimal düzeylerde kullanılmadıklarını belirtmektedir

Keywords

• Etkinlik, Dinamik Veri Zarflama Analizi, Tarım, OECD Ülkeleri

References

1. Arnade, C. (1998). Using a Programming Approach to Measure International Agricultural Efficiency and Pro- ductivity. Journal of Agricultural Economics , 49 (1), 67-84.
2. Chen, C.-M., ve Dalen, J. V. (2010). Measuring dyna- mic efficiency: Theories and an integrated methodolgy. European Journal of Operational Research , 203, 749-760.
3. Coelli, T. J., ve Rao, P. (2003). Total Factor Producti- vity Growth in Agriculture: A Malmquist Index Analysis of 93 Countries, 1980-2000. CEPA Working Papers Series , No: 02/2003.
4. Deliktas, E., Ersungur, S. M., ve Candemir, M. (2005). The Comparison of Agricultural Efficiency and Producti- vity Growth in the EU and Turkey. International Journal of Business, Management and Economics , 1 (1), 109-124.
5. Emrouznejad, A.,ve Thanassoulis, E.(2005).A mat- hematical model for dynamic efficiency using data en- velopment analysis. Applied Mathematics and Computa- tion,160,363-378.
6. FAO Statistics Division. (1986). Inter-country com- parisons of agricultural production aggregates. FAO Eco- nomic and Social Development Paper , No: 61.
7. FAO. (2011). FAOSTAT-Agriculture: faostat.fao.org adresinden alınmıştır
8. Fulginiti, L. E., ve Perrin, R. K. (1997). LDC agri- culture: Nonparametric Malmquist productivity indexes. Journal of Development Economics , 53, 373-390.

9. Fulginiti, L. E., ve Perrin, R. K. (1998). Agricultural productivity in developing countries. Agricultural Econo- mics , 19, 45-51.
10. Galanopoulos, K., Lindberg, E., Surry, Y., ve Mattas, K. (2006). Agricultural Productivity Growth in the Medi- terranean and Test of Covergence Among Countries. 98. EAAE Seminar. Crete, Greece.
11. Geymueller, P. v. (2009). Static versus dynamic DEA in electricity regulation: the case of US transmission system operators. CEJOR , 17, 397-413.
12. Hayami, Y. (1969). Industrialization and Agricultural Productivity: An International Comparative Study. The Developing Economics , 7 (1)3-21.
13. Headey, D., Alauddin, M., ve Rao, P. (2010). Expla- ining agricultural productivity growth: an international perspective. Agricultural Economics , 41, 1-14.
14. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFP- RI). (2000). Global Study Reveals New Warning Signals: Degraded Agricultural Lands Threaten World’s Food Pro- duction Capacity. New Release. 21 May.
15. Jaenicke, E. C. (2000). Testing for Intermediate Outputs in Dynamic DEA Models: Accounting for Soil Capital in Rotational Crop Prouction and Productivity Measures. Journal of Productivity Analysis , 14, 247-266.
16. Kawagoe, T., Hayami, Y., ve Ruttan, V. W. (1985). The Intercountry Agricultural Production Function and Productivity Differences Among Countries. Journal of Development Economics , 19, 113-132.
17. Lissitsa, A., Rungsuriyawiboon, S., ve Parkhomenko, S. (2007). How Far Are the Transition Countries from the Economic Standarts of the European Union? Measu- ring Efficiency and Growth in Agriculture. Eastern Euro- pean Economics , 45 (3), 51-75.
18. Lusigi, A., ve Thirtle, C. (1997). Total Factor Produc- tivity and The Effects of R&D in African Agriculture. Jo- urnal of International Development , 9 (4), 529-538.
19. Moutinho, N., Machdo, F., ve Silva E. (2003). An International Comparison of Productivity Change in Ag- riculture and the Economy as a Whole. Research Center on Industrial, Labour and Managerial Economics, Working Papers, DP 2003-09
20. Nemoto, J., ve Goto, M. (1999). Dynamic data eb- velopmen analysis: modeling intertemporal behavior of a firm in the presence of productive inefficiencies. Econo- mics Letters , 64, 51-56.
21. Nemoto, J., ve Goto, M. (2003). Measurement of Dynamic Efficiency in Production: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Japanese Electric Utilities. Journal of Productivity Analysis , 19, 191-210.
22. Nin, A., Arndt, C., Hertel, T. W., ve Preckel, P. V. (2003). Bridging The Gap Between Partial and Total Factor Produc- tivity Measures Using Directional Distance Functions. Ame- ricanJournal of Agriculture Economics , 85 (4), 928-942.
23. Ogunyinka, E. O., ve Langemeier, M. R. (2004). Examining Cross-Country Agricultural Productivity Dif- ferences. Southern Agricultural Economics Association An- nual Meeting. Oklahoma.
24. Pfeiffer, L. M. (2003). Agricultural Productivity Growth in the Andean Community. American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 85 (5), 1335-1341.
25. Pinstrup-Adersen, P., Pandya-Lorch R., ve Rosegrant M.W. (1999). World Food Prospects: Critical Issue for the Early Twenty-First Century. IFPRI. Washington DC.
26. Rao, P. (1993). Intercountry Comparison of Agricul- tural Output and Productivity. FAO Economic and Social Development Paper , No: 112.
27. Rao, P., Coelli, T. J., ve Alauddin, M. (2004). Agri- cultural productivity growth, employment and poverty in developing countries, 1970-2000. ILO, Economic and Labour Market Analysis Department, Working Papers , No: 2004/9.
28. Rao, P., ve Coelli, T. J. (1998). Catch-up and Conver- gence in Global Agricultural Productivity. CEPA Working Papers Series , No: 04/1998.
29. Ruttan, V. W. (2002). Productivity Growth in World Agriculture: Sources and Constraints. The Journal of Eco- nomic Perspectives , 16 (4), 161-184.
30. Sengupta, J. K. (1995). Dynamics of Data Envelop- ment Analysis-Theory of Systems Efficiency. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
31. Serrao, A. (2003). Agricultural Productivity Analysis of the European Union and Eastern Regions. American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. Mont- real, Canada.
32. Shaik, S. (2008). Accounting for (In)Efficiency in the Estimation of Time-Varying Returns to Scale. Agribusiness and Applied Economics Report No: 635.
33. Silva, E., ve Stefanou, S. E. (2007). Dynamic Effi- ciency Measurement: Theory and Application. American Journal of Agriculture Economics , 89 (2), 398-419.
34. Suhariyanto, K., ve Thirtle, C. (2001). Asian Agricul- tural Productivity and Convergence. Journal of Agricultu- ral Economics , 52 (3), 96-110.
35. Svetlov, N., ve Hockmann, H. (2007). Long-term efficiency of the Moscow region corporate farms during transition (evidence from dynamic DEA). Chinese Econo- mist Society European Conference. Portorah, Slovenia.
36. Tone, K., ve Tsutsui, M. (2008). Dynamic DEA: A slacks-based measure approach. GRIPS Policy Information Center: Discussion Paper , No: 08-13.
37. Trueblood, M. A., ve Coggins, J. (2003). Interco- untry Agricultural Efficiency and Productivity: A Malm- quist Index Approach. World Bank .
38. Yan, L. (2005). Investment and Dynamic DEA: With an Application to Chinese Hospitals. Ph.D.Dissertation: Universite Du Quebec A Montreal.
39. Yu, B., Fulginiti, L. E., ve Perrin, R. K. (2002). Agri- culture Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Annual Me- etings of the American Agricultural Economics Association. California.