BibTex RIS Cite

KOBİ’LERDE İNOVASYON YAPMAYI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER VE BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI

Year 2007, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 445 - 458, 01.10.2007

Hatice Çalıpınar Uğur Baç

Abstract

Günümüzde inovasyonun işletmeler için önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Özellikle KOBİ’lerin yapılarından dolayı sahip oldukları dezavantajların üstesinde gelip, rekabetçi ve hızlı değişen ortamda fark yaratarak sürekliliklerini devam ettirebilmeleri onların yapacakları inovasyonlarla yakından ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada, Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerin (KOBİ) işletme karakteristiklerinin onların inovasyon yapma sayılarına etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu nedenle KOBİ sahip/yönetici veye gıda mühendislerinden işletme inovasyon faaliyetlerini etkileyen işletme çıktıları olarak çalışan sayısı, ihracat gelirleri, reklam harcamaları, araştırma geliştirme (Ar-Ge) harcamaları, patent harcamaları, işletme yaşı ve toplam kurulan dış ortaklıklara ilişkin veriler anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler doğrusal regresyon ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ortalama çalışan sayısı ve işletme yaşı ile inovasyon sayısı arasında ters yönlü bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Ortalama Ar-Ge harcamaları dışında diğer faktörler ile inovasyon sayısı arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir

Keywords

İnovasyon KOBİ Teknoloji Ar-Ge

References

  • Acs, Z.J.; Audretsch, D.B. (2001): “Innovation in Large and Small Firms: An Empirical Analysis”, The American Economic Review, /8(4): 678-690.
  • Alfranca, O.; Rama, R.; Tunzelmann, N. (2004): “Innovation Spells in the Multinational Agri-food Sector”, Technovation, 24: 599–614.
  • Avermaete, T.: “Systems of innovation: The case of small food firms in the EU” University of Ghent, Department of Agro-Marketing, http://www.druid.dk/uploads/tx_picturedb/dw2002-421.pdf, (05.08.2006).
  • Cabral, J.E.O.; Traill, W.B. (2001): “Determinants of a Firm’s Likelihood to Innovate and Intensity of Innovation in the Brazilian Food Industry”, Chain and Network Science, 1(1): 33-48.
  • Christensen, J.F. (1995): “Asset Profiles for Technological Innovation”, Research Policy, 24(5): 727-745.
  • Christensen, J.F. (1996): “Innovative Assests and Inter-assest Linkages a Resource-based Approach to Innovation”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 4: 193-209.
  • Çağan, T.; Oner, A.; Başoğlu, N. (2003): “Factors Affecting Innovation Diffusion: The Case of Turkish Armed Forces”, PICMET, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, July, 2003, Portland, ABD.
  • EU – European Commission, Annual Innovation Policy for Turkey. European Trend Chart on Innovation 2003-2004, A publication from the Innovation/SMEs Programme, 1-5
  • Evangelista, R.; Mastrostefano, V. (2006): “Firm Size, Sectors and Countries As Sources of Variety in Innovation”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 15(3). 247-270.
  • Guan, J.; Ma, N. (2003): “Innovative Capability and Export Performance of Chinese Firms”, Technovation, 23: 737–747.
  • Ilori, M.O.; Oke, J.S.; Sanni, S.A. (2000): “Management of New Product Development in Selected Food Companies in Nigeria”, Technovation 20: 333– 342.
  • Keith, E.L.; Theodore, G.J. (1984): “Characterization of Innovations Introduced on the U.S: Market in 1982”, The Futures Group, U.S: Small Business Administration, Contract No. SBA-6050-0A-82, March.
  • Koch, A.; Strotmann, H. (2005): “Determinants of Innovative Activity in Newly Founded”, KIBS. 3rd Interdisciplinary European Conference on Entrepreneurship Research (IECER), Amsterdam, 2-4 February.
  • KOSGEB (2006a): http://www.kosgeb.gov.tr/BilgiBankasi/default.asp?Action=...&ID=62, ( 22.08.2006)
  • KOSGEB (2006b): 2006 Yılı Çalışma Programı: 6 Martineza, M.G.; Brizb, J. (2000): “Innovation in the Spanish Food & Drink Industry”, International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 3:155–176.
  • Martinez-Ros, E. (2000): “Explaining the Decisions to Carry out Product and Process Innovations: The Spanish Case”, The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 10(2): 223–242.
  • McNamara, K.T.; Weiss, C.R.; Wittkopp, A. (2003): “Market Success of Premium Product Innovation: Empirical Evidence from the German Food Sector”, Department of Food Economics and Consumption Studies University of Kiel, Working Paper FE 0306.
  • Menrad, K. (2004): “Innovations in the food industry in Germany”, Research Policy, 33: 845–878.
  • Napier, G.; Serger, S.S.; Hansson, E.W. (2004): Strengthening Innovation and Technology Policies for SME Development in Turkey – Opportunities for Private Sector Involvement, Report of International Organisation for Knowledge Economy and Enterprise Development (IKED), Malmö, Sweden.
  • Oslo Klavuzu (2005): Yenilik Verilerinin Toplanması ve Uygulanması İçin İlkeler, 3. Baskı, OECD ve Eurostat Ortak Yayımı, Tübitak, Ankara.
  • Pamukçu, T. (2003): “Trade Liberalization and Innovation Decisions of Firms: Lessons from Post-1980 Turkey”, World Development, 31(8): 1443–1458.
  • Potì, B.; Basile, R. (2000): “Regional differencies of innovation: firms’ organization, regional institutions and innovative performance”, OECD-NIS Focus Group on Innovative Firms and Networks, Rome 2-3 October.
  • Révillion, J.P.; Padula, A.D.; Federizzi, L.C.; Martinelli, O.; Mangematin, V. (2003): “Innovative Strategies in The Food Processing Industry: Fundamental Relationships Between Institutional, Competitive, Technological and Organizational Dimensions”, IFAMA 13th Annual World Food & Agribusiness Forum and Symposium Cancun, Mexico, June 21-24.
  • Savignac, F. (2005) : “The Impact of Financial Constraints on Innovation: Evidence from French Manufacturing Firms”, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1, Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques, v06042.
  • Shefer, D.; Frenkel, A. (2005): “R&D, Firm Size and Innovation: An Empirical Analysis” Technovation, 25: 25–32.
  • Souitaris, V. (2002): “Technological Trajectories as Moderators of Firm-Level Determinants of İnnovation”, Research Policy, 31: 877–898.
  • Therrien, P. (2000): “What Distinguishes Innovative Firms from Other Firms: Results from the 1999 Innovation Survey”, Innovation System Researchs Network, Working Paper National Meeting.
  • Trail, W.B.; Meulenberg, M. (2002): “Innovation in the Food Industry”, Agribusiness, 18(1), 1-21.
  • Tsai, K. (2005): “R&D Productivity and Firm Size: a Nonlinear Examination”, Technovation, 25(7): 795-803.
  • TUİK,https://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/DIESS/YazdirilabilirTumSiniflamaSatirListeActio n.do?surumId=186, (04.07.2006).
  • Unger, B.; Zagler, M. (2000): “Organizational versus technological determinants of innovation”, Vienna University of Economics & B.A. Department of Economics Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 74.
  • Verhees, F.J.H.M., (2005): Market-Oriented Product Innovation in Small Firms, PhD-thesis, Wageningen University.
  • Zahra, S.A.; Das, S.R. (1993): “Innovation Strategy and Financial Performance in Manufacturing Companies: An Empirical Study”, Production and Operations Management, 2(1): 15-37

THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY

Year 2007, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 445 - 458, 01.10.2007

Hatice Çalıpınar Uğur Baç

Abstract

Today, the importance of innovation for enterprises increase each passing day. To overcome the disadvantages special to their structures and continue their presence by making a difference in a rapidly changing environment, SMEs especially have to realize innovation. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of characteristics of Small and Medium size Enterprise (SME) on number of innovations made by those enterprises. For this reason, enterprise outputs that effect innovation activities such as number of employees, export revenues, advertising expenses, research and development (R&D) expenses, patent expenses, enterprise age and total number of foreign partnerships were collected from SME owners/managers and food engineers by survey method. The collected data were analyzed by linear regression. A negative correlation was determined between average number of employees and innovation number as well as enterprise age and innovation number. It is seen that there is a significant relation between innovation number and all the other factors except R&D expenses

Keywords

Innovation SME Technology R&D

References

  • Acs, Z.J.; Audretsch, D.B. (2001): “Innovation in Large and Small Firms: An Empirical Analysis”, The American Economic Review, /8(4): 678-690.
  • Alfranca, O.; Rama, R.; Tunzelmann, N. (2004): “Innovation Spells in the Multinational Agri-food Sector”, Technovation, 24: 599–614.
  • Avermaete, T.: “Systems of innovation: The case of small food firms in the EU” University of Ghent, Department of Agro-Marketing, http://www.druid.dk/uploads/tx_picturedb/dw2002-421.pdf, (05.08.2006).
  • Cabral, J.E.O.; Traill, W.B. (2001): “Determinants of a Firm’s Likelihood to Innovate and Intensity of Innovation in the Brazilian Food Industry”, Chain and Network Science, 1(1): 33-48.
  • Christensen, J.F. (1995): “Asset Profiles for Technological Innovation”, Research Policy, 24(5): 727-745.
  • Christensen, J.F. (1996): “Innovative Assests and Inter-assest Linkages a Resource-based Approach to Innovation”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 4: 193-209.
  • Çağan, T.; Oner, A.; Başoğlu, N. (2003): “Factors Affecting Innovation Diffusion: The Case of Turkish Armed Forces”, PICMET, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, July, 2003, Portland, ABD.
  • EU – European Commission, Annual Innovation Policy for Turkey. European Trend Chart on Innovation 2003-2004, A publication from the Innovation/SMEs Programme, 1-5
  • Evangelista, R.; Mastrostefano, V. (2006): “Firm Size, Sectors and Countries As Sources of Variety in Innovation”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 15(3). 247-270.
  • Guan, J.; Ma, N. (2003): “Innovative Capability and Export Performance of Chinese Firms”, Technovation, 23: 737–747.
  • Ilori, M.O.; Oke, J.S.; Sanni, S.A. (2000): “Management of New Product Development in Selected Food Companies in Nigeria”, Technovation 20: 333– 342.
  • Keith, E.L.; Theodore, G.J. (1984): “Characterization of Innovations Introduced on the U.S: Market in 1982”, The Futures Group, U.S: Small Business Administration, Contract No. SBA-6050-0A-82, March.
  • Koch, A.; Strotmann, H. (2005): “Determinants of Innovative Activity in Newly Founded”, KIBS. 3rd Interdisciplinary European Conference on Entrepreneurship Research (IECER), Amsterdam, 2-4 February.
  • KOSGEB (2006a): http://www.kosgeb.gov.tr/BilgiBankasi/default.asp?Action=...&ID=62, ( 22.08.2006)
  • KOSGEB (2006b): 2006 Yılı Çalışma Programı: 6 Martineza, M.G.; Brizb, J. (2000): “Innovation in the Spanish Food & Drink Industry”, International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 3:155–176.
  • Martinez-Ros, E. (2000): “Explaining the Decisions to Carry out Product and Process Innovations: The Spanish Case”, The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 10(2): 223–242.
  • McNamara, K.T.; Weiss, C.R.; Wittkopp, A. (2003): “Market Success of Premium Product Innovation: Empirical Evidence from the German Food Sector”, Department of Food Economics and Consumption Studies University of Kiel, Working Paper FE 0306.
  • Menrad, K. (2004): “Innovations in the food industry in Germany”, Research Policy, 33: 845–878.
  • Napier, G.; Serger, S.S.; Hansson, E.W. (2004): Strengthening Innovation and Technology Policies for SME Development in Turkey – Opportunities for Private Sector Involvement, Report of International Organisation for Knowledge Economy and Enterprise Development (IKED), Malmö, Sweden.
  • Oslo Klavuzu (2005): Yenilik Verilerinin Toplanması ve Uygulanması İçin İlkeler, 3. Baskı, OECD ve Eurostat Ortak Yayımı, Tübitak, Ankara.
  • Pamukçu, T. (2003): “Trade Liberalization and Innovation Decisions of Firms: Lessons from Post-1980 Turkey”, World Development, 31(8): 1443–1458.
  • Potì, B.; Basile, R. (2000): “Regional differencies of innovation: firms’ organization, regional institutions and innovative performance”, OECD-NIS Focus Group on Innovative Firms and Networks, Rome 2-3 October.
  • Révillion, J.P.; Padula, A.D.; Federizzi, L.C.; Martinelli, O.; Mangematin, V. (2003): “Innovative Strategies in The Food Processing Industry: Fundamental Relationships Between Institutional, Competitive, Technological and Organizational Dimensions”, IFAMA 13th Annual World Food & Agribusiness Forum and Symposium Cancun, Mexico, June 21-24.
  • Savignac, F. (2005) : “The Impact of Financial Constraints on Innovation: Evidence from French Manufacturing Firms”, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1, Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques, v06042.
  • Shefer, D.; Frenkel, A. (2005): “R&D, Firm Size and Innovation: An Empirical Analysis” Technovation, 25: 25–32.
  • Souitaris, V. (2002): “Technological Trajectories as Moderators of Firm-Level Determinants of İnnovation”, Research Policy, 31: 877–898.
  • Therrien, P. (2000): “What Distinguishes Innovative Firms from Other Firms: Results from the 1999 Innovation Survey”, Innovation System Researchs Network, Working Paper National Meeting.
  • Trail, W.B.; Meulenberg, M. (2002): “Innovation in the Food Industry”, Agribusiness, 18(1), 1-21.
  • Tsai, K. (2005): “R&D Productivity and Firm Size: a Nonlinear Examination”, Technovation, 25(7): 795-803.
  • TUİK,https://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/DIESS/YazdirilabilirTumSiniflamaSatirListeActio n.do?surumId=186, (04.07.2006).
  • Unger, B.; Zagler, M. (2000): “Organizational versus technological determinants of innovation”, Vienna University of Economics & B.A. Department of Economics Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 74.
  • Verhees, F.J.H.M., (2005): Market-Oriented Product Innovation in Small Firms, PhD-thesis, Wageningen University.
  • Zahra, S.A.; Das, S.R. (1993): “Innovation Strategy and Financial Performance in Manufacturing Companies: An Empirical Study”, Production and Operations Management, 2(1): 15-37
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA55PE82SE
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hatice Çalıpınar This is me

Uğur Baç This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çalıpınar, H., & Baç, U. (2007). THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY. Ege Academic Review, 7(2), 445-458.
AMA Çalıpınar H, Baç U. THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY. ear. October 2007;7(2):445-458.
Chicago Çalıpınar, Hatice, and Uğur Baç. “THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY”. Ege Academic Review 7, no. 2 (October 2007): 445-58.
EndNote Çalıpınar H, Baç U (October 1, 2007) THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY. Ege Academic Review 7 2 445–458.
IEEE H. Çalıpınar and U. Baç, “THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY”, ear, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 445–458, 2007.
ISNAD Çalıpınar, Hatice - Baç, Uğur. “THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY”. Ege Academic Review 7/2 (October 2007), 445-458.
JAMA Çalıpınar H, Baç U. THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY. ear. 2007;7:445–458.
MLA Çalıpınar, Hatice and Uğur Baç. “THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 7, no. 2, 2007, pp. 445-58.
Vancouver Çalıpınar H, Baç U. THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY. ear. 2007;7(2):445-58.