The Mediating Role of Work Overload on the Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Job Performance and Turnover Intention

Year 2013, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 01.02.2013

Mazlum Çelik Ahmet Çıra

Abstract

The problematic of this study to investigate the effect of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on job performance and turnover intention and mediating role of work overload in this effect. It is determined as a result of the study conducted on the employees working in five-star hotels and first-class holiday villages that the OCB affect on job performance positive and significant, on turnover intention and work overload negative and significant; work overload has effects on job performance negative and significant, on turnover intention positive and significant. Additionally it is defined that the work overload has no mediation effect between OCB and job performance and partial mediation effect between the OCB and turnover intention. It is believed that the findings to the moderation of work overload contribute to literature

Keywords

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), job performance, turnover intention, work overload

Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışının İş Performansı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisinde Aşırı İş Yükünün Aracılık Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın sorunsalı örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı (ÖVD) nın iş performansı ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine etkisi ile bu etkide aşırı iş yükünün aracılık rolü olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Turizm sektöründe beş yıldızlı otel ve tatil köylerinde çalışanlar üzerinde yapılan araştırma sonucunda; ÖVD’nin iş performansını pozitif ve anlamlı etkilediği, aşırı iş yükü ve işten ayrılma niyetini negatif ve anlamlı etkilediği, aşırı iş yükünün iş performansını negatif, işten ayrılma niyetini pozitif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca aşırı iş yükünün ÖVD ile iş performansı ilişkisine aracılık etmediği, ÖVD’nin işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine etkisine ise aracılık ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Aşırı iş yükünün aracılığına ilişkin bulguların literatüre katkı sağlayacağına inanılmaktadır

Keywords

Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı (ÖVD), iş performansı (İP), işten ayrılma niyeti (İAN), aşırı iş yükü (AİY)

References

• Allen, T. D. ve Rush M. C. (1998) “The Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Performance Judgments: A Field Study and A Laboratory Experiment” Journal of Applied Psychology, 83: 247-260.
• Barnard, C.I. (1938) The Functions of the Executive, Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.
• Baron, R. M. ve Kenny D. A. (1986) “The Moderator Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1173-1182.
• Bartlett, K.R. (1999) “The Relationship Between Training and Organizational Commitment in the Health Care Field” The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Urbana,The University of Illinois,.
• Bateman, T. S. ve Organ D. W. (1983) “Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship Between Affect and Employee Citizenship” Academy of Management Journal, 26(4): 587-595.
• Bellou, V. (2008) “Exploring Civic Virtue and Turnover Intention During Organizational Changes” Journal of Business Research, 61: 778-789.
• Blau, P. (1964) Exchange and Power ın Social Life, New York, John Wiley & Sons.
• Bolino, M.C. ve Turnley W.H. (2005) “The Personal Costs of Citizenship Behavior: The Relationship Between Individual Initiative and Role Overload, Job Stress, and Workfamily Conflict” Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4):740-748.
• Bolino, M.C., Turnley W.H. ve Niheoff B.P. (2004) “The Other Side of the Story: Reexamining Prevailing Assumptions About Organizational Citizenship Behavior” Human Resource Management Review, 14:229- 246.
• Borman, W.C., White L.A. ve Dorsey D.W. (1995) “Effects of Ratee Task Performance and Interpersonal Factors on Supervisor and Peer Performance Ratings” Journal of Applied Psychology , 80(1):168-77.
• Borman, W. C. ve Motowidlo S.J. (1993) “Expanding the Criterion Domain Include Elements of Contextual Performance” Schmitt, et al (eds), Personnel Selection in Organization, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
• Borman, W. C. ve Motowidlo S.J. (1997) “Introduction: Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance” Human Performance,10: 67-69.
• Byrne, Z.S. (2005) “Fairness Reduces the Negative Effects of Organizational Politics on Turnover Intentions, Citizenship Behavior and Job Performance” Journal of Business and Psychology, 20(2):175-200.
• Chughtai, A.A. ve Zafar S. (2006) “Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment Among Pakistani University Teachers” Applied H.R.M. Research, 11(1): 39-64.
• Cropanzano, R. ve Byrne Z. S. (2003) “The Relationship of Emotional Exhaustion to Work Attitudes, Job Performance Ratings, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors” Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1): 160-169.
• Çöl, G. (2008) “Algılanan Güçlendirmenin İş Gören Performansı Üzerine Etkileri” Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(1):35-46.
• Demir, M. ve Tütüncü, Ö. (2010) “Ağırlama İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Sapma ile İşten Ayrılma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki” Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21(1):64-74.
• Derya, S. (2008) “Crossover of Work-Family Conflict: Antecedent and Consequences of Crossover Process in Dual-Earner Couples” Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, Koç Üniversitesi.
• Elloy, D.F. ve Smith C.R. (2003) “Patterns of Stress Work-Family Conflict, Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity and Overload Among Dual-Career and Single Career Couples: An Australian Study” Cross Cultural Management, 10(1):55-66.
• Felfe, J., Yan W. ve Six B. (2008) “The Impact of Individual Collectivism on Commitment and Its Influence on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Turnover in Three Countries” International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 8(2): 211-237.
• Fox, S. ve Spector P.E. (2009) “The Deviant Citizen: Clarifying the Measurement of OCB And Its Relation to CWB” http://www.personal.psu.edu/ krm10/ PSY597SP07/Week%205%20readings/fox%20and%20 spector.pdf, (02.03.2011).
• Golden, L. ve Jorgensen H. (2002) “Time After Time Mandatory Overtime in the U.S. Economy” Economic Policy, Institute Briefing Paper, http://www.epi.org/ publication/briefingpapers_bp120/ , (07.03.2011).
• Gouldner, A. W. (1960) “The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement” American Sociological Review, 25 (2): 161-178.
• Greenhaus, J.H., Parasuraman S., Granrose C.S., Rabinowitz S. ve Beutell N.J. (1989) “Sources of Work- Family Conflict Among Two Career Couples” J. Vocational Behaviour, 34: 133-153.
• Günel, Ö. D. (2009) “Mevsimsellik, Mevsimlik İstihdam ve Örgütsel Bağlılık: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma” Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2): 199-219.
• Jones, E., Chonko L., Rangarajan D. ve Roberts J. (2007) “The Role of Overload on Job Attitudes, Turnover Intentions, and Salesperson Performance” Journal of Business Research, 60: 663-671.
• Kamer, M. (2001) “Örgütsel Güven, Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışlarına Etkileri” Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Karatepe, O.M., Uladag O., Menevis I., Hadzimehmedagic L. ve Baddar L. (2006) “The Effects of Selected Individual Characteristics on Frontline Employee Performance and Job Satisfaction” Journal of Tourism Management, 27: 547-560.
• Khalid, S.A ve Hassan A. (2005) “The Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour on Withdrawal Behaviour: A Malaysian Study” International Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship, 1(1):30- 40.
• Kirkman, B. L. ve Rosen B. (1999) “Beyond Self- Management: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment” Academy of Management Journal, 42(1): 58-74.
• Lowery, C. M. ve Krilowicz T. J. (1994) “Relationships Among Nontask Behaviors, Rated Performance, and Objective Performance Measures” Psychological Reports, 74: 571–578.
• Luk, D. M. ve Shaffer M. A. (2005) “Work and Family Domain Stressors and Support: Direct and Indirect Influences on Work-Family Conflict”Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 78: 489-508.
• MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff P. M. ve Fetter R. (1993) “The Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Evaluations of Sales Performance” Journal of Marketing, 57: 70-80.
• Nadiri, H. ve Tanova C. (2010) “An Investigation of the Role of Justice in Turnover Intentions, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Hospitality Industry” International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29: 33-41.
• Netemeyer, R.G., Boles J.S., Mckee D.O. ve Mcmurrıan R. (1997) “An Investigation Into the Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in A Personnel Selling Context” Journal of Marketing, 61(3): 85-98.
• Nielsen, T.M., Bachrach D.G., Sundstrom E. ve Halfhill T.R.(2012) “Utility of OCB: Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Group Performance in a Resource Allocation Framework” Journal of Management, 38(2):1-27.
• Ok, A.B. (2007) “Kuruma Bağlılığın İlişkili Olduğu Değişkenler: Kurumsal İletişime Özel Bir Vurgu” Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara, ODTÜ Psikoloji Bölümü.
• Organ D. W. (1988) Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington, MA Lexington Books.
• Organ, D.W. (1990a) “The Motivational Basis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior” Staw et al (eds.) Research in Organizational Behavior, 12:43-72. Greenwich, CT JAI Press.
• Organ, D.W. (1990b) “The Subtle Significance of Job Satisfaction” Clinical Laboratory Management Review, 4: 94-98.
• Organ, D.W. ve Ryan K. (1995) “A Meta-Analytic Review of Attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior” Personel Psychology, 48: 775-802.
• Özdevecioğlu, M. (2003) “ÖVD ile Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bazı Demografik Özellikleri ve Akademik Başarıları Arasındaki İlişkilerin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20:117-135.
• Peterson, M. F., Smith P. B, Akande A. ve Ayestaran S. (1995) “Role Conflict, Ambiguity, and Overload: A 21-Nation Study” Academy of Management Journal, 38: 429-452.
• Podsakoff, P.M. ve Mackenzie S.B. (1997) “Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Organizational Performance: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research” Human Performance, 10(2): 133-151.
• Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie S. B., Paine J. B. ve Bachrach D. G. (2000) “Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future 5124. Research” Journal of Management, 26(3):513-563.
• Redman, T. ve Snape E. (2005) “I to Wed: The Role of Consciousness Transformation in Compassion and Altruism” Journal of Management Studies, 42(2): 915- 932.
• Rosen, C.C., Harris K.J. ve Kacmar K.M. (2009) “The Emotional Implications of Organizational Politics: A Process Model” Human Relations, 62(1):27-57.
• Schepman, S.B. ve Zarate M.A. (2008) “The Relationship Between Burnout, Negative Affectivity Role Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Which Are and Organizational Citizenship Behavior for Human Services Employees” International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 2(4):216-221.
• Schnake, M. ve Dumler M. P. (1993) “The Environment on Employee Turnover Intention” Human
• Relations, 38(1):23-46. Relationship Between Traditional Leadership, Super Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior” Group and Organizational Management, 18(3):352-366.
• Scott, A., Gravelle H., Simoens S., Bojke C. ve Sibbald B. (2006) “Job Satisfaction and Quitting Work&Stress, 20(1): 60-83. Intentions: A Structural Model of British General Practitioners” British Journal of Industrial Relations, 44(3):519-540.
• Sigler, T.H. ve Pearson C. M. (2000) “Creating An Empowering Culture: Examining the Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Perceptions of Empowerment” Journal of Quality Management, 5:27-52.
• Singh, A.K. ve Singh A.P. (2008) “Personal Outcomes of Organizational Citizenship Behavior” ASBM Journal of Management, 1(1):47-56.
• Spector, P.E., Fox S., Miles D.E. ve Borman W.E. (2002) “Building An Integrative Model of Extra Role Work Behaviors: A Comparison of Counterproductive Work Behavior With Organizational Citizenship Behavior” International Journal of Selection And Assessment, 10(1/2):51-57.
• Spitzmuller, M., Van Dyne L. ve Ilies R. (2008) “Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Review and Extension of Its Nomological Network” Paper Series No:
• Suazo, M.M., Turnley W.H. ve Mai R.R. (2005) “The Role of Perceived Violation in Determining Employees’ Reactions to Psychological Contract Breach” Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 12(1):24-36.
• Şeşen, H. (2008) “Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Çalışmaları Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Çözümleme: Teleolojik ve Epistemolojik Kaygılar” KHO SAVBEN Dergisi, 7(2):57-86.
• Vey, M.A. ve Campel J.P. (2004) “In-role or Extra
• Walsh, J. P., Ashford S. J., ve Hill T. E. (1985) “Feedback Obstruction: The Influence of the Information
• Wegge J., Van Dick R., Fisher G. K., Wecking C. ve Moltzen K. (2006) “Work Motivation, Organizational Identification, and Well-Being in Call Centre Work”
• William, S. ve Shiaw W. T. (1999) “Mood and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Effects of Ositive Affect on Employee” Journal of Psycology, 133(6): 656-669.
• Williams, L. J. ve Anderson S. E. (1991) “Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors” Journal of Management, 17(3): 601-617.