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Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 469 - 481, 01.07.2018

Ali Murat Alpaslan , Seher Yastıoğlu , Mehmet Ali Taş

Abstract

Yeni, daha ergonomik ve kullanışlı ürünler, süreçler, üretim girdileri, hatta yeni örgütlenme yapıları ve pazarlar üretme olarak bilinen inovasyon, sürdürülebilir küresel rekabetçiliğin çok önemli
bir faktörü haline gelmiş bulunmaktadır. Ülkelerin inovasyon düzeylerinin önemli yordayıcılarından biri de toplumun sahip olduğu, bir toplumu diğerlerinden ayıran ve farklılıklarını ortaya koyan kendine özgü unsuru olan kültürüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerin sahip olduğu kültürel kodlar ve ülkelerin inovasyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ve hangi kültür değişkeninin ülkelerin inovasyon düzeyini yükselttiğini veya düşürdüğünü ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, Globe Projesi ve Küresel İnovasyon Endekslerinde birlikte yer alan 62 ülkeye ait kültür boyutları ve inovasyon skorları konsolide edildikten sonra analize tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan korelasyon ve regrasyon analizleri sonucunda Ülkelerin inovasyon düzeyleri üzerinde en fazla etkili olan dört temel kültürel boyut olduğu (grup içi kolektivizm, insan yönelimi, toplumsal kolektivizm ve performans yönelimi) ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

Kültür Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi GLOBE Projesi

References

  • Alary, D., Gollier, C. Ve Treich, N. (2013) “The Effect of Ambiguity Aversion on Insurance and Self-protection” Econ. J. 123: 1188– 1202.
  • Anderson, N. R., Dreu, C. ve Nijstad, B. (2004) “The Routinization of Innovation Research: A Constructively Critical Review of The State-of-The-Science” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2): 147–173.
  • Ashkanasy, N., Gupta, V., Mayfield, M. ve Trevor- Roberts, E. (2004) Future Orientation, in Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, R. J. House, (ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Aytaç, Ö. (2006) “Girişimcilik: Sosyo-Kültürel Bir Perspektif” Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (15): 139-160.
  • Bockstedt, J., Druehl, C. ve Mishra, A. (2015) “Problem-solving Effort and Success in Innovation Contests: The Role of National Wealth and National Culture” Journal of Operations Management, 36: 187-200.
  • Burmaoğlu, S. (2012) “Ulusal İnovasyon Göstergeleri ile Ulusal Lojistik Performansı Arasındaki İlişki: AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma” Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 12 (2).
  • Caird S., Hallett S. ve Potter S. (2013) “The Open2-Innovation Tool-A Software Tool For Rating Organizational Innovation Performance”, Technovation (33): 381–385.
  • Calantone, R., Garcia, R. Ve Droge, C. (2003) “The Effects of Environmental Turbulence on New Product Development Strategy Planning” J. Prod. Innov. Manag, 20 (2): 90–103.
  • Carl, D., Gupta, V. ve Javidan, M. (2004) Power Distance, in Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, R. J. House, (ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage.
  • Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., ve House, R. J. (2013) Culture and Leadership Across the World: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies, London, Routledge.
  • Cornell University, INSEAD ve WIPO (2013) “The Global Innovation Index 2013: Local Dynamics of Innovation” Ithaca and Geneva, Fontainebleau.
  • Cornell University, INSEAD ve WIPO (2014) “The Global Innovation Index 2014: Local Dynamics of Innovation” Ithaca and Geneva, Fontainebleau.
  • Cornell University, INSEAD ve WIPO (2015) “The Global Innovation Index 2015: Local Dynamics of Innovation” Ithaca and Geneva, Fontainebleau..
  • Cornell University, INSEAD ve WIPO (2016) “The Global Innovation Index 2016: Winning With Global Innovation” Ithaca and Geneva, Fontainebleau.
  • Cox, P. L. ve Khan, R. H. (2017) “Country Culture and National Innovation” Archives of Business Research, 5(2): 85-101.
  • Çetinkaya, C. (2015) “Küresel Rekabette Savunma Sanayii İnovasyonunun Önemi” İnovasyon 2023 Sempozyum Kitapçığı, Elazığ: 27-38.
  • Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. ve Wunsch-Vincent S. (2014) The Global Innovation Index 2014: The Humanfactor In İnnovation, Cornell University, Insead and Wipo, Second Printing, Geneva.
  • Eby, L.T. ve Dobbins, G.H. (1997) “Collectivistic Orientation in Teams: An Individual and Group-level Analysis” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18 (3): 275–295.
  • Efrat, K., 2014 “The Direct and Indirect Impact of Culture on Innovation” Technovation, 34(1): 12-20.
  • Fu, P. P., Wu, R., Yang, Y., ve Ye, J. (2007) “ Chinese culture and leadership. In Chhokar, J., Brodbeck, F., & House, R. (Eds.), Culture and Leadership Across The World: The GLOBE Book af in- Depth Studies of 25 Societies” Taylor and Francis: 875-907.
  • Griffith, D. ve Rubera, G. (2014) “A Cross-Cultural İnvestigation of New Product Strategies for Technological and Design
  • Innovations” Journal Of International Marketing, 22(1): 5-20. Hancıoğlu, Y. (2016) “Küresel İnovasyon Endeksini Oluşturan İnovasyon Girdi ve Çıktı Göstergeleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi İle İncelenmesi: OECD Örneği” Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi,16(4): 131-157.
  • Herbig, P.A. ve Miller, J.C. (1992) “Culture and Technology: Does The Traffic Move İn Both Directions” Journal of Global Marketing, 6 (3): 75–104.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980) “Motivation, leadership, and organization: do American theories apply abroad?” Organizational dynamics, 9(1): 42-63.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values, Newbury Park, CA, Sage.
  • Holmberg, I., ve Åkerblom, S. (2007) “Primus inter pares” Chhokar at al. (eds.), Leadership and Culture in Sweden, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Hoppe, M. H. (2007) “Culture and leader effectiveness: The GLOBE Study”. Central European Journal of Communication.
  • House R.J., Hanges P.J., Javidan M., Dorfman P.W. ve Gupta V. (2004) “Culture, Leadership, and Organizations. The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies” Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Huang, R.J. (2012) “Ambiguity Aversion, Higher-order Risk Attitude and Optimal Effort. Insur” Math. Econ, 50: 338–345.
  • Hussler, C., (2004) “Culture And Knowledge Spillovers in Europe: Newperspectives for Innovation and Convergence Policies?” Econ.Innov. New Technol., 13 (6): 523–541.
  • INSEAD (2007) The World’s Top Innovators, The World Business/ INSEAD Global Innovation Index. France.
  • INSEAD (2008) The Global Innovation Index 2008-2009, France, INSEAD.
  • INSEAD (2009) The Global Innovation Index 2009-2010, France: INSEAD.
  • INSEAD (2011) The Global Innovation Index 2011: Accelerating Growth and Development, Ithaca and Geneva: Fontainebleau.
  • INSEAD ve WIPO (2012) The Global Innovation Index 2012: Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global Growth, Ithaca and Geneva: Fontainebleau.
  • Jones, G. ve Davis, H. (2000) “National Culture and Innovation: Implications for Locating Global R&D Operations” Management International Review, 40(1): 11-39.
  • Kabasakal, H., ve Bodur, M. (2007) “Leadership and culture in Turkey: A multifaceted phenomenon” Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies 25: 835-874.
  • Karadeniz Y, Y., Yılmaz, M., Yiğitbaşı, M.E. ve Çoban O. (2016) “İnovasyon İndeksi Yardımıyla Türkiye’de İllerin Rekabetçilik Analizi: Düzey-III Örneği” Sosyoekonomi, 24(30): 71-90.
  • King, N. ve Anderson, N. R. (2002) Managing Innovation and Change: A Critical Guide for Organizations, 2nd ed. London, Thomson Learning.
  • Kluckhohn, F. R., ve Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961) Variations in Value Orientations, Oxford, England: Row, Peterson.
  • Kreiser, P., Marino, L. ve Weaver K. M. (2001) “Correlates of Entrepreneurship: The Impact of National Culture on Risk- Taking and Proactiveness in SMEs” University of Alabama, Department of Management and Marketing: 1-19.
  • Laznjak, J. (2011) “Dimensions of National Innovation Culture in Croatia: Content Validity of Hofstede’s Dimensions” Drustvena Istrazivanja, 20(4): 1015.
  • Luque, M. S. ve Javidan, M. (2004) “Uncertainity Avoidance,” in Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies, R. J. House, (ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • McClelland, D. C. (1985) “How Motives, Skills, and Values Determine What People Do” American psychologist, 40(7): 812.
  • McClelland, D.C. (1987) “Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs” Journal Of Creative Behavior, 21(3): 219–233.
  • Mitchell, R.K., Smith, B., Seawright, K.W. ve Morse, E.A. (2000) “Cross-Cultural Cognitions and The Venture Creation Decision” Academy Of Management Journal, 43(5): 974–993.
  • Nakata, C. ve Sivakumar, K. (1996) “National Culture and New Product Development: An Integrative Review” J. Market, 60 (1): 61–72.
  • Putnam, R. D. (1993) “The Prosperous Community” The American Prospect, 4(13): 35-42.
  • Rosenbusch, N., Brinckmann, J., ve Bausch, A. (2011) “Is Innovation Always Beneficial? A Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Innovation and Performance in SMEs” Journal of business Venturing, 26(4): 441-457.
  • Rossberger, R. J., ve Krause, D. E. (2012) “National Culture, Heterogeneity and Innovation: New Insights Into The Relationship Between The GLOBE Dimensions And National Level Innovation” GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS), 2(1): 84-89.
  • Rujirawanich, P., Addison, R. ve Smallman, C. (2011) “The Effects of Cultural Factors on Innovation in a Thai SME” Management Research Review, 34(12): 1264-1279.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1934) The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, Harvard University Press,
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (2003) “Capitalism, socialism and democracy USA” Taylor & Francis e-Library. http://sergioberumen.files. wordpress. com/2010/08/schumpeter-joseph-a-capitalismsocialism- and democracy.pdf (24.03.2017).
  • Shane, S. (1992) “Why Do Some Societies Invent More Than Others?” Journal of Business Venturing, 7: 29–46.
  • Shane, S., (1993) “Cultural Influences on National Rates of Innovation” J. Bus. Ventur, 8: 59–73.
  • Shi, X., ve Wang, J. (2011) “Interpreting Hofstede Model and Globe Model: Which way to go for crosscultural research?” International Journal of Business And management, 6(5): 93-99.
  • Solow, R.M. (2000), Growth Theory: An Exposition, 2th Edition, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Steel, P. ve Taras, V. (2010) “Culture as a Consequence: A multilevel multivariate meta-analysis of the effects of individual and country characteristics on work-related cultural values” Journal of International Management, 16(3): 211–233.
  • Steensma, H. K., Marino, L., ve Weaver, K. M. (2000) “Attitudes Toward Cooperative Strategies: A Crosscultural Analysis Of Entrepreneurs” Journal of International Business Studies, 31: 591-609.
  • Sun, H., (2009) “A Meta-Analysis on the Influence of National Culture on Innovation Capability” Int. J. Entrepreneurship And Innovation Management, 10(3/4): 353-360.
  • Şimşit, Z. T., Fırat, S. Ü. O., Es, H. A., Erdem, M., Topgül, M. ve Günay, N. S. (2014) “Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Çerçevesinden Küresel İnovasyon Endeksinin Analizi ve Veri Madenciliği Kullanılarak Ülkelerin Kümelenmesi. https:// www.researchgate.net/profile/zeynep_simsit_kalender/ publication/308415750_bılgı_ve_ıletısım_teknolojılerı_ cercevesınden_kuresel_ınovasyon_endeksının_analızı_ ve_verı_madencılıgı_kullanılarak_ulkelerın_kumelenmesı/ links/57e3b9e908ae4d15ffae8abf.pdf?origin=publication_list (24.03.2017): 1-13
  • Taras, V., Rowney, J. ve Steel, P. (2009) “Half a Century of Measuring Culture: Review of Approaches, Challenges, and Limitations Based on The Analysis Of 121 İnstruments For Quantifying Culture” Journal of International Management, 15(4): 357–373.
  • Taylor, M. Z., ve Wilson, S. (2012) “Does Culture Still Matter?: The Effects of İndividualism on National İnnovation Rates” Journal of Business Venturing, 27(2): 234-247.
  • Tian M., Deng P., Zhang, Y. ve Salmador, M. P. (2018) “How does Culture Influence Innovation? A Systematic Literature Review” Management Decision, https://doi.org/10.1108/MD- 05-2017-0462.
  • Triandis, H. C. (2006) “Cultural Aspects of Globalization” Journal of International Management, 12(2): 208–217.
  • Tylecote, A. (1996) “Cultural differences affecting technological innovation in Western Europe” European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 5 (1): 137–174.
  • Vecchi, A. ve Brennan, L. (2009) “A Cultural Perspective on Innovation in International Manufacturing” Research in International Business and Finance, 23 (2): 181-192. doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2008.03.008
  • Wonglimpiyarat, J. (2010) “Innovation Index and The Innovation Capacity of Nations” Futures 42: 247-253.

An Analysis on the Effects of National Cultural Characteristics on Country Innovations Levels

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 469 - 481, 01.07.2018

Ali Murat Alpaslan , Seher Yastıoğlu , Mehmet Ali Taş

Abstract

Innovation, known as producing new, more ergonomic and useful products, processes, production inputs, and even new organizational structures and markets, has become a crucial factor in sustainable global competitiveness. One of the important predictors of the level of innovation of countries is culture, which is a unique element that distinguishes a society from others and reveals its differences. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the cultural codes of the countries and the level of innovation of the countries and which culture diversity raises or lowers the level of innovation of the countries. For this purpose, cultural dimensions and innovation scores of the 62 countries included in the Globe Project and Global Innovation Indices were consolidated and then analyzed. As a result of the correlations and regression analyzes, the four main cultural dimensions that have the greatest impact on the Global Innovation Indexes of the countries (collectivism societal practices in-group collectivism, human orientation, collectivism societal practices and performance orientation).

Keywords

Culture Global Innovation Index Globe Project

References

  • Alary, D., Gollier, C. Ve Treich, N. (2013) “The Effect of Ambiguity Aversion on Insurance and Self-protection” Econ. J. 123: 1188– 1202.
  • Anderson, N. R., Dreu, C. ve Nijstad, B. (2004) “The Routinization of Innovation Research: A Constructively Critical Review of The State-of-The-Science” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2): 147–173.
  • Ashkanasy, N., Gupta, V., Mayfield, M. ve Trevor- Roberts, E. (2004) Future Orientation, in Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, R. J. House, (ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Aytaç, Ö. (2006) “Girişimcilik: Sosyo-Kültürel Bir Perspektif” Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (15): 139-160.
  • Bockstedt, J., Druehl, C. ve Mishra, A. (2015) “Problem-solving Effort and Success in Innovation Contests: The Role of National Wealth and National Culture” Journal of Operations Management, 36: 187-200.
  • Burmaoğlu, S. (2012) “Ulusal İnovasyon Göstergeleri ile Ulusal Lojistik Performansı Arasındaki İlişki: AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma” Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 12 (2).
  • Caird S., Hallett S. ve Potter S. (2013) “The Open2-Innovation Tool-A Software Tool For Rating Organizational Innovation Performance”, Technovation (33): 381–385.
  • Calantone, R., Garcia, R. Ve Droge, C. (2003) “The Effects of Environmental Turbulence on New Product Development Strategy Planning” J. Prod. Innov. Manag, 20 (2): 90–103.
  • Carl, D., Gupta, V. ve Javidan, M. (2004) Power Distance, in Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, R. J. House, (ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage.
  • Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., ve House, R. J. (2013) Culture and Leadership Across the World: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies, London, Routledge.
  • Cornell University, INSEAD ve WIPO (2013) “The Global Innovation Index 2013: Local Dynamics of Innovation” Ithaca and Geneva, Fontainebleau.
  • Cornell University, INSEAD ve WIPO (2014) “The Global Innovation Index 2014: Local Dynamics of Innovation” Ithaca and Geneva, Fontainebleau.
  • Cornell University, INSEAD ve WIPO (2015) “The Global Innovation Index 2015: Local Dynamics of Innovation” Ithaca and Geneva, Fontainebleau..
  • Cornell University, INSEAD ve WIPO (2016) “The Global Innovation Index 2016: Winning With Global Innovation” Ithaca and Geneva, Fontainebleau.
  • Cox, P. L. ve Khan, R. H. (2017) “Country Culture and National Innovation” Archives of Business Research, 5(2): 85-101.
  • Çetinkaya, C. (2015) “Küresel Rekabette Savunma Sanayii İnovasyonunun Önemi” İnovasyon 2023 Sempozyum Kitapçığı, Elazığ: 27-38.
  • Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. ve Wunsch-Vincent S. (2014) The Global Innovation Index 2014: The Humanfactor In İnnovation, Cornell University, Insead and Wipo, Second Printing, Geneva.
  • Eby, L.T. ve Dobbins, G.H. (1997) “Collectivistic Orientation in Teams: An Individual and Group-level Analysis” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18 (3): 275–295.
  • Efrat, K., 2014 “The Direct and Indirect Impact of Culture on Innovation” Technovation, 34(1): 12-20.
  • Fu, P. P., Wu, R., Yang, Y., ve Ye, J. (2007) “ Chinese culture and leadership. In Chhokar, J., Brodbeck, F., & House, R. (Eds.), Culture and Leadership Across The World: The GLOBE Book af in- Depth Studies of 25 Societies” Taylor and Francis: 875-907.
  • Griffith, D. ve Rubera, G. (2014) “A Cross-Cultural İnvestigation of New Product Strategies for Technological and Design
  • Innovations” Journal Of International Marketing, 22(1): 5-20. Hancıoğlu, Y. (2016) “Küresel İnovasyon Endeksini Oluşturan İnovasyon Girdi ve Çıktı Göstergeleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi İle İncelenmesi: OECD Örneği” Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi,16(4): 131-157.
  • Herbig, P.A. ve Miller, J.C. (1992) “Culture and Technology: Does The Traffic Move İn Both Directions” Journal of Global Marketing, 6 (3): 75–104.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980) “Motivation, leadership, and organization: do American theories apply abroad?” Organizational dynamics, 9(1): 42-63.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values, Newbury Park, CA, Sage.
  • Holmberg, I., ve Åkerblom, S. (2007) “Primus inter pares” Chhokar at al. (eds.), Leadership and Culture in Sweden, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Hoppe, M. H. (2007) “Culture and leader effectiveness: The GLOBE Study”. Central European Journal of Communication.
  • House R.J., Hanges P.J., Javidan M., Dorfman P.W. ve Gupta V. (2004) “Culture, Leadership, and Organizations. The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies” Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Huang, R.J. (2012) “Ambiguity Aversion, Higher-order Risk Attitude and Optimal Effort. Insur” Math. Econ, 50: 338–345.
  • Hussler, C., (2004) “Culture And Knowledge Spillovers in Europe: Newperspectives for Innovation and Convergence Policies?” Econ.Innov. New Technol., 13 (6): 523–541.
  • INSEAD (2007) The World’s Top Innovators, The World Business/ INSEAD Global Innovation Index. France.
  • INSEAD (2008) The Global Innovation Index 2008-2009, France, INSEAD.
  • INSEAD (2009) The Global Innovation Index 2009-2010, France: INSEAD.
  • INSEAD (2011) The Global Innovation Index 2011: Accelerating Growth and Development, Ithaca and Geneva: Fontainebleau.
  • INSEAD ve WIPO (2012) The Global Innovation Index 2012: Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global Growth, Ithaca and Geneva: Fontainebleau.
  • Jones, G. ve Davis, H. (2000) “National Culture and Innovation: Implications for Locating Global R&D Operations” Management International Review, 40(1): 11-39.
  • Kabasakal, H., ve Bodur, M. (2007) “Leadership and culture in Turkey: A multifaceted phenomenon” Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies 25: 835-874.
  • Karadeniz Y, Y., Yılmaz, M., Yiğitbaşı, M.E. ve Çoban O. (2016) “İnovasyon İndeksi Yardımıyla Türkiye’de İllerin Rekabetçilik Analizi: Düzey-III Örneği” Sosyoekonomi, 24(30): 71-90.
  • King, N. ve Anderson, N. R. (2002) Managing Innovation and Change: A Critical Guide for Organizations, 2nd ed. London, Thomson Learning.
  • Kluckhohn, F. R., ve Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961) Variations in Value Orientations, Oxford, England: Row, Peterson.
  • Kreiser, P., Marino, L. ve Weaver K. M. (2001) “Correlates of Entrepreneurship: The Impact of National Culture on Risk- Taking and Proactiveness in SMEs” University of Alabama, Department of Management and Marketing: 1-19.
  • Laznjak, J. (2011) “Dimensions of National Innovation Culture in Croatia: Content Validity of Hofstede’s Dimensions” Drustvena Istrazivanja, 20(4): 1015.
  • Luque, M. S. ve Javidan, M. (2004) “Uncertainity Avoidance,” in Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies, R. J. House, (ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • McClelland, D. C. (1985) “How Motives, Skills, and Values Determine What People Do” American psychologist, 40(7): 812.
  • McClelland, D.C. (1987) “Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs” Journal Of Creative Behavior, 21(3): 219–233.
  • Mitchell, R.K., Smith, B., Seawright, K.W. ve Morse, E.A. (2000) “Cross-Cultural Cognitions and The Venture Creation Decision” Academy Of Management Journal, 43(5): 974–993.
  • Nakata, C. ve Sivakumar, K. (1996) “National Culture and New Product Development: An Integrative Review” J. Market, 60 (1): 61–72.
  • Putnam, R. D. (1993) “The Prosperous Community” The American Prospect, 4(13): 35-42.
  • Rosenbusch, N., Brinckmann, J., ve Bausch, A. (2011) “Is Innovation Always Beneficial? A Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Innovation and Performance in SMEs” Journal of business Venturing, 26(4): 441-457.
  • Rossberger, R. J., ve Krause, D. E. (2012) “National Culture, Heterogeneity and Innovation: New Insights Into The Relationship Between The GLOBE Dimensions And National Level Innovation” GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS), 2(1): 84-89.
  • Rujirawanich, P., Addison, R. ve Smallman, C. (2011) “The Effects of Cultural Factors on Innovation in a Thai SME” Management Research Review, 34(12): 1264-1279.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1934) The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, Harvard University Press,
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (2003) “Capitalism, socialism and democracy USA” Taylor & Francis e-Library. http://sergioberumen.files. wordpress. com/2010/08/schumpeter-joseph-a-capitalismsocialism- and democracy.pdf (24.03.2017).
  • Shane, S. (1992) “Why Do Some Societies Invent More Than Others?” Journal of Business Venturing, 7: 29–46.
  • Shane, S., (1993) “Cultural Influences on National Rates of Innovation” J. Bus. Ventur, 8: 59–73.
  • Shi, X., ve Wang, J. (2011) “Interpreting Hofstede Model and Globe Model: Which way to go for crosscultural research?” International Journal of Business And management, 6(5): 93-99.
  • Solow, R.M. (2000), Growth Theory: An Exposition, 2th Edition, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Steel, P. ve Taras, V. (2010) “Culture as a Consequence: A multilevel multivariate meta-analysis of the effects of individual and country characteristics on work-related cultural values” Journal of International Management, 16(3): 211–233.
  • Steensma, H. K., Marino, L., ve Weaver, K. M. (2000) “Attitudes Toward Cooperative Strategies: A Crosscultural Analysis Of Entrepreneurs” Journal of International Business Studies, 31: 591-609.
  • Sun, H., (2009) “A Meta-Analysis on the Influence of National Culture on Innovation Capability” Int. J. Entrepreneurship And Innovation Management, 10(3/4): 353-360.
  • Şimşit, Z. T., Fırat, S. Ü. O., Es, H. A., Erdem, M., Topgül, M. ve Günay, N. S. (2014) “Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Çerçevesinden Küresel İnovasyon Endeksinin Analizi ve Veri Madenciliği Kullanılarak Ülkelerin Kümelenmesi. https:// www.researchgate.net/profile/zeynep_simsit_kalender/ publication/308415750_bılgı_ve_ıletısım_teknolojılerı_ cercevesınden_kuresel_ınovasyon_endeksının_analızı_ ve_verı_madencılıgı_kullanılarak_ulkelerın_kumelenmesı/ links/57e3b9e908ae4d15ffae8abf.pdf?origin=publication_list (24.03.2017): 1-13
  • Taras, V., Rowney, J. ve Steel, P. (2009) “Half a Century of Measuring Culture: Review of Approaches, Challenges, and Limitations Based on The Analysis Of 121 İnstruments For Quantifying Culture” Journal of International Management, 15(4): 357–373.
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There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Murat Alpaslan 0000-0002-1682-4202

Seher Yastıoğlu 0000-0001-8166-4172

Mehmet Ali Taş 0000-0001-9714-7188

Publication Date July 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Alpaslan, A. M., Yastıoğlu, S., & Taş, M. A. (2018). Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz. Ege Academic Review, 18(3), 469-481.
AMA Alpaslan AM, Yastıoğlu S, Taş MA. Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz. ear. July 2018;18(3):469-481.
Chicago Alpaslan, Ali Murat, Seher Yastıoğlu, and Mehmet Ali Taş. “Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz”. Ege Academic Review 18, no. 3 (July 2018): 469-81.
EndNote Alpaslan AM, Yastıoğlu S, Taş MA (July 1, 2018) Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz. Ege Academic Review 18 3 469–481.
IEEE A. M. Alpaslan, S. Yastıoğlu, and M. A. Taş, “Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz”, ear, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 469–481, 2018.
ISNAD Alpaslan, Ali Murat et al. “Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz”. Ege Academic Review 18/3 (July 2018), 469-481.
JAMA Alpaslan AM, Yastıoğlu S, Taş MA. Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz. ear. 2018;18:469–481.
MLA Alpaslan, Ali Murat et al. “Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 18, no. 3, 2018, pp. 469-81.
Vancouver Alpaslan AM, Yastıoğlu S, Taş MA. Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz. ear. 2018;18(3):469-81.
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