Comparison of Tribological Behaviours of Nano SiO2 and ZrO2 Reinforced Polyester Matrix Composite Materials

Abstract

This paper aimed to examine and develop the tribological behaviour by adding nano reinforcements into the polyester matrix. Nanocomposite materials were obtained by adding nano-sized, 0.5%, 1%, 2% SiO2 and ZrO2 reinforcements to isophthalic polyester. These materials were mixed with mechanical and ultrasonic methods and poured into open moulds. The coefficient of friction and wear rates were obtained using the pin-on-disc test device. Optical and SEM surface images of the composites were examined. The experiments were conducted at room temperature and an average of 70% humidity. Tribological studies were made under a load of 2, 5, 10N and at a sliding speed of 0.5 and 0.1 m/s. It was seen that the nano reinforcements to the polyester matrix improved the tribological properties of the material.

Keywords

• Wear
• coefficient of friction
• the nanocomposite material
• isophthalic polyester
• SiO2
• ZrO2

References

1. [1]. V. Kumar, E. K. Kumar, H. C. Dewangan, N. Sharma, S. K. Panda, S. R. Mahmoud, “Strain Rate Loading Effects on Fiber-Reinforced Polymeric Composites with and Without Damage: A Comprehensive Review,” Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, vol. 76, pp. 1-10, 2023.
2. [2]. V. C. S. Gandhi, I. Jenish, S. Indran, D. Y. Rajan, “Mechanical and Thermal Analysis of Cissus Quadrangularis Stem Fiber/Epoxy Composite with Micro-Red Mud Filler Composite for Structural Application,” Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, vol. 75, pp. 737-747, 2022.
3. [3]. E. He, S. Wang, Y. Li, Q. Wang, “Enhanced Tribological Properties of Polymer Composites by Incorporation of Nano-SiO2 Particles: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study,” Computational Materials Science, vol. 134, pp. 93-99, 2017.
4. [4]. X. Zhaohong, L. Zhenhua, L. Jian, F. Y. Fei, “The effect of CF and nano-SiO2 Modification on The Flexural and Tribological Properties of POM Composites,” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 287-296, 2014.
5. [5]. Y. Li, S. Wang, Q. Wang, “A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on Enhancement of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polymer Composites by Introduction of Graphene,” Carbon, vol. 111, pp. 538-545, 2017.
6. [6]. S. Beckford, Y. Wang, M. Zou, “Wear-Resistant PTFE/SiO2 Nanoparticle Composite Films,” Tribology Transactions, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 849-858, 2011.
7. [7]. R. V. Kurahatti, A. O. Surendranathan, A. V. Ramesh Kumar, C. S. Wadageri, V. Auradi, S. A. Kori, “Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Epoxy Reinforced with Nano ZrO2 Particles,” Procedia Materials Science, vol. 5, pp. 274-280, 2014.
8. [8]. W. Li, S. Zheng, B. Cao, S. Ma, “Friction and Wear Properties of ZrO2/SiO2 Composite Nanoparticles,” Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 2129-2137, 2011.

9. [9]. Z. Zhang, C. Breidt, L. Chang, F. Haupert, K. Friedrich, “Enhancement of The Wear Resistance of Epoxy: Short Carbon Fibre, Graphite, PTFE and Nano-TiO2,” Composites Part A: Applied Science Manufacturing, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1385-1392, 2004.
10. [10]. N. A. Ai, S. I. Hussein, M. K. Jawad, I. Al-Ajaj, “Effect of Al2O3 and SiO2 Nanopartical on Wear, Hardness and Impact Behavior of Epoxy Composites,” Chemistry and Materials Research, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 34-40, 2015.
11. [11]. D. D. Ángel-López, A. M. Torres-Huerta, M. A. Dominguez-Crespo, E. Onofre-Bustamante, “Effect of ZrO2: SiO2 Dispersion on The Thermal Stability, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Hybrid Coatings Deposited on Carbon Steel,” Journal of Alloys Compounds, vol. 615, pp. S423-S432, 2014.
12. [12]. G99 - 05 Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus, ASTM, 2010. [13]. M. Ceviz, C. Misirli, S. S. Karabeyoglu, “An Investigation on Thermal Dry Sliding Wear Performance of Wrought AA 7075-T6,” Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, vol. 75, pp. 2443-2451, 2022.
13. [14]. K. Friedrich, Z. Zhang, A. K. Schlarb, “Effects of Various Fillers on The Sliding Wear of Polymer Composites,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 65, no. 15-16, pp. 2329-2343, 2005.
14. [15]. M. García, M. De Rooij, L. Winnubst, W. E. Van Zyl, H. Verweij, “Friction and Wear Studies on nylon‐6/SiO2 Nanocomposites,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 1855-1862, 2004.
15. [16]. S: Gnedenkov, S. Sinebryukhov, D. Mashtalyar, I. Imshinetskiy, A. Samokhin, Y. V. Tsvetkov, “Fabrication of Coatings on The Surface of Magnesium Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Using ZrO2 and SiO2 Nanoparticles,” Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015.
16. [17]. K. Friedrich, S. Fakirov, Z. Zhang, “Polymer Composites: From Nano-to Macro-Scale,”, New York, USA: Springer, 2005, pp. 46-48.
17. [18]. P. Jawahar, R. Gnanamoorthy, M. Balasubramanian, “Tribological Behaviour of Clay–Thermoset Polyester Nanocomposites,” Wear, vol. 261, no. 7-8, pp. 835-840, 2006.
18. [19]. K. Friedrich, R. Reinicke, Z. Zhang, “Wear of Polymer Composites,” Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, vol. 216, no. 6, pp. 415-426, 2002.
19. [20]. J. K. Oleiwi, "A Study of Wear Rate Behavior of Polyester Reinforced by Silica (SiO2) Particles," The Iraqi Journal for Mechanical and Material Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 108-118, 2010.
20. [21]. S. Pradhan, V. Prakash, S. Majhi, L. Mohapatra, N. Mohanta, S. K. Acharya, “Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Epoxy/Biochar Composites,” Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, vol. 75, pp. 2355-2365, 2022.
21. [22]. Z. Zhang, K. Friedrich, “Tribological Characteristics of Micro and Nanoparticle Filled Polymer Composites,” Polymer Composites, pp. 169-185, 2005.