Optimal Sizing and Economic Assessment of a Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System

Abstract

The growing emphasis on energy independence and sustainability has led to increased interest in hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) supported by long-term energy storage solutions. In this study, the optimal sizing of a standalone hybrid renewable energy system consisting of photovoltaic modules, wind turbines, an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tanks and a fuel cell is examined. A comprehensive techno-economic optimization model is developed with the objective of reducing the Net Present Cost (NPC) and the Cost of Energy (COE) while ensuring an acceptable level of system reliability. To solve the optimization problem, three widely used metaheuristic techniques (Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Simulated Annealing (SA)) are implemented and comparatively evaluated based on their convergence characteristics and economic outcomes. The comparative analysis reveals that although all algorithms produce technically feasible solutions, PSO yields the most economical configuration with the lowest NPC and COE values. The findings demonstrate that the proposed optimization framework provides an effective and practical design approach for hydrogen-supported HRESs, supporting the development of reliable and sustainable off-grid power applications.

Keywords

• Hybrid renewable energy system
• Hydrogen-based energy storage
• Optimal sizing

Hidrojen Tabanlı Hibrit Yenilenebilir Enerji Sisteminin Optimum Boyutlandırılması ve Ekonomik Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Enerji bağımsızlığı ve sürdürülebilirliğe verilen önemin artması, uzun süreli enerji depolama çözümleriyle desteklenen hibrit yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerine (HRES) olan ilgiyi artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, fotovoltaik modüller, rüzgâr türbinleri, bir elektrolizör, hidrojen depolama tankları ve bir yakıt hücresinden oluşan bağımsız bir hibrit yenilenebilir enerji sisteminin optimal boyutlandırılması incelenmektedir. Kabul edilebilir bir sistem güvenilirliği düzeyini sağlarken Net Bugünkü Maliyet (NPC) ve Enerji Maliyeti (COE) değerlerini azaltmayı amaçlayan kapsamlı bir tekno-ekonomik optimizasyon modeli geliştirilmiştir. Optimizasyon problemini çözmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan üç meta-sezgisel yöntem (Genetik Algoritma (GA), Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO) ve Tavlama Benzetimi (SA)) uygulanmış ve yakınsama özellikleri ile ekonomik sonuçları açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Karşılaştırmalı analiz, tüm algoritmaların teknik olarak uygulanabilir çözümler üretmesine rağmen, en düşük NPC ve COE değerleriyle en ekonomik konfigürasyonu PSO yönteminin sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, önerilen optimizasyon çerçevesinin hidrojen destekli HRES’lerin tasarımı için etkili ve pratik bir yaklaşım sunduğunu ve güvenilir ile sürdürülebilir şebekeden bağımsız enerji uygulamalarının geliştirilmesini desteklediğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Hibrit yenilenebilir enerji sistemi
• Hidrojen tabanlı enerji depolama
• Optimum boyutlandırma

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