Analysis of Metal Contents in Maraş Powder and Different Cigarette Brands in Turkey
Abstract
The metal contents in hand made Maraş powder, mixed oak–ash Maraş powder and twelve different cigarette brands sold in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey were the aim of this study. The concentration of tin (Sn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), manganase (Mn), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in hand-made pure Maraş powder and mixed oak–ash Maraş powder were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) instrument. Before the analyses, all the samples were digested in closed teflon vessels under microwave power and diluted to appropriate volume with ultrapure water and then, analyzed with ICP-OES instrument. According to the results, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb contents in Maraş powder and oak–ash mixed Maraş powder were found as very high for human health, whereas, different cigarette brands were clean.
Keywords
References
- Asma S., Mackay J.,, Song S.Y., Zhao L., Morton J.,, Palipudi K.M., Bettcher D., Bhatti L., Caixeta R., Chandora R., Dias R.C., Silva V.L.C., Fouad H., Hsia J., Husain M.J., McAfee T., Ramanandraibe N., Rarick J., Sinha D., Talley B., d’Espaignet E.T., “The GATS Atlas, Global Adult Tobacco Survey”, CDC Foundation, World Health Organisation, Word Lung Foundation, Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Preventation, UK, “2015”.
- Schneider G., Krivan V., “Multi-elemental analysis of tobacco and smoke condensate by instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry”, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1993, 53: 87–100.
- Ezzati M., Loprz A.D., “Estimates of global mortality attributed to smoking in 2000”, Lancet, 2003, 362: 847–852.
- Lugon-Moulin N., Martin F., Krauss M.R., Ramey P.B., Rossi L., ”Cadmium concentration in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) from different countries and its relationship with other elements”, Chemosphere, 2006, 63: 1074–1086.
- Angelova V., Ivanov K., Ivanova R., ”Effect of chemical forms of lead, cadmium and zinc in polluted soils on their uptake by tobacco”, J. Environ. Prot. Ecol., 2003, 4: 316–327.
- Verma S., Yadav S., Singh I., “Trace metal concentration in different Indian tobacco products and related health implications”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010, 48: 2291–2297.
- Frank M., “Industrial X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis-New Applications and Challenges for Cryogenic Detectors Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory”, 7. International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Munich, Germany, 1-7, (1997).
- Erenmemisoglu A., Tekol Y., Kartal M., Kurucu S., “The use of a smokeless tobacco in our country Maraş powder”, 2nd International Symposium of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ankara, Turkey, 1-3, (1991).
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Engineering
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
January 31, 2017
Submission Date
November 11, 2016
Acceptance Date
-
Published in Issue
Year 2017 Volume: 4 Number: 1
