Hindistan’da Uygulanan Bütünleştirilmiş Bir Anne-Çocuk Sağlık ve Eğitim Hizmetleri Programı: Bir İnformal Okul Öncesi Eğitim Örneği

Abstract

Başta gelişmekte olan ülkeler olmak üzere düşük sosyoekonomik düzeylerdeki aileler için yüksek kaliteli ve kapsayıcı okul öncesi eğitim sağlamak, çözülmesi gereken bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, farklı ülkelerden çocukların bütünsel gelişimi, esenliği ve akademik başarılarına katkıda bulunan uygulamaların araştırılması ve bunların tüm yönleriyle tartışılması, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin bu yeni uygulamaları dikkate alarak yerel uygulamalarına kültürel uyarlamalar yapmalarını sağlayabilir. Mevcut çalışmanın odağı Hindistan'daki nüfusun ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan alternatif bir erken çocukluk eğitimi programı olan Bütünleştirilmiş Çocuk Gelişim Hizmetleri (Integrated Child Development Services- ICDS)’ni alan uzmanları ve öğretmenlere tanıtmaktır. ICDS, 1975 yılında yürürlüğe girmiştir ve erken çocukluk bakımı ve gelişimi için dünyanın en büyük anne-çocuk sağlık ve eğitim hizmetlerinin bir arada sunması nedeniyle diğer programlardan farklı bir modeldir. Hindistan'ın öncü programı olarak kabul edilen ICDS, Anganwadi Merkezleri (AWC) aracılığıyla 0-6 yaş arasındaki çocuklara, hamile kadınlara ve emziren annelere eğitim ve sağlık hizmetlerini bir arada vermektedir. Bu çalışma; ICDS'yi erken çocukluk eğitimi profesyonellerine, öğretmenlere ve politika yapıcılara tanıtmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Bütünleştirilmiş sağlık ve eğitim hizmetleri
• Anganwadi Merkezleri
• Erken çocukluk eğitimi
• İnformal eğitim

An Integrated Mother-Child Health and Education Services Program in India: An Example of Informal Preschool Education

Abstract

Providing high quality and inclusive preschool education for children from families with low socio-economic status especially in developing countries remains a problem to be solved. Within this context, investigating good practices supporting children’s holistic development, well-being and academic success and discussing all aspects of these practices can provide examples for developing countries in making cultural adaptations to their local practices considering their new understanding. An alternative early childhood education program that addresses the needs of the population in its host, India, and introducing this program to field experts and educators was the focus of this current study. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was launched in 1975. It is a model that differs from other programs for child development and care because it offers the world’s largest mother-child health and education services together. ICDS, which is acknowledged as the flagship program of India, is a governmental program operated through Anganwadi Centers (AWC). The centers serve as an outpost for the first line of health, nutrition, and early learning services for disadvantaged groups including children aged 0 to 6 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. This study aims to introduce ICDS to early childhood education professionals, teachers, and policy makers.

Keywords

• Integrated health and education services
• Anganwadi Centers
• Early childhood education
• Informal education

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