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COVID-19 Salgınında Uzaktan Öğretmen Eğitimi: Deneyimler ve Öneriler

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 213 - 236, 30.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.1499737

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı öğretim elemanları ve öğretmen adaylarının COVID-19 salgını döneminde uzaktan yürütülen öğretmen eğitimine yönelik deneyim ve önerilerini ortaya koymaktır. Karma yöntem araştırmalarından açımlayıcı sıralı desenin izlendiği çalışmada nicel veriler 54 öğretim elemanı ve 711 öğretmen adayından anketle; nitel veriler ise 21 öğretim elemanı ve 25 öğretmen adayından yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla toplanmıştır. Nicel veriler betimsel istatistikler, nitel veriler ise içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular uzaktan öğretmen eğitimi döneminde öğretmen adaylarının öğrenme motivasyonlarının; kazanımlara erişim düzeyinin düştüğünü, özellikle uygulamalı derslerde öğrenme eksiklikleri meydana geldiğini, elektrik kesintileri, bağlantı kopmaları gibi teknik sorunlar yaşandığını göstermiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının derslerde kamera ve mikrofonlarını kapalı tutması, geleneksel öğretim yöntemlerinin tercih edilmesi ve dijital ders materyallerinin yeterli olmayışı sınıf içi etkileşimi olumsuz etkilemiştir. Uzaktan yürütülen değerlendirme süreçleri sınav güvenliğini olumsuz etkilemiş, öğretmen adaylarının çevrim içi sınavlarda olası teknik aksaklıklar sebebiyle sınav kaygıları artmıştır. Katılımcılar uzaktan öğretmen eğitiminde verimi arttırabilmek için teknolojik altyapı sorunlarının giderilmesini, uzaktan ölçme değerlendirme uygulamalarının geliştirilmesini, öğretmenlere yönelik dijital yetkinliklerin belirlenmesini önermişlerdir. Salgın sonrasında öğretmen eğitimine, öğretim elemanları harmanlanmış eğitimle, öğretmen adayları yüz yüze eğitimle devam edilebileceğini belirtmişlerdir.

Ethical Statement

Gerekli Etik Kurul izni alınmıştır

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

Çalışmanın gönüllü katılımcıları olan öğretim elemanlarına ve öğretmen adaylarına teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Bozkurt, A. (2017). Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitimin dünü, bugünü ve yarını [The past, present and future of the distance education in Turkey]. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 85-124. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/auad/issue/34117/378446
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, E. Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods] (34th ed.). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J., & Plano-Clark, V. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Çakır, R., & Akıncan, E. (2021). Advices and suggestions to increase the performance of instructors teaching in the distance education process. International Journal of Field Education, 7(2), 134-165. https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.1012742
  • Çalışkan, R. (2023). Problems encountered by English teachers during remote education process in the pandemic period. Journal of National Education, 3(2), 361-373. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691353
  • Çelik, Z. (2020). COVID-19 salgınının gölgesinde eğitim: Riskler ve öneriler [Education in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic: Risks and recommendations]. Eğitim-Bir-Sen, (Focus Analysis No. 5), 2-52. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34400.30723
  • Erkut, E. (2020). Higher education after COVID-19. Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.002
  • Erşen, Z. B., & Yumak, Y. (2021). Preservice mathematics teachers' views on distance education applications during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 10(4), 1449-1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.30703/cije.853688
  • Gündeğer, C., & Gündoğdu, R. (2023). Opinions of psychological counseling and guidance undergraduate students on the conduct of practical courses in the process of distance education. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Faculty of Education, (65), 114-134. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.1047615
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz [Research methods in social sciences. Philosophy-Method-Analysis] (5th ed.). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • HEC. (2020a). Eğitim birimlerine göre öğrenci ve öğretim elemanları sayıları, 2020-2021 [Number of students & teaching staff by educational ınstitutions, 2020-2021]. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
  • HEC. (2020b). YÖK’ten eğitim fakültelerine önemli yetki devri kararı [An important decision from YÖK on delegation of authority]. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/egitim-fak%C3%BCltelerine-yetki-devri.aspx HEC. (2020c). Yükseköğretim kurumlarında uzaktan öğretime ilişkin usul ve esaslar [Procedures and principles regarding distance education in higher education institutions]. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Kurumsal/egitim_ogretim_dairesi/Uzaktan_ogretim/yuksekogretim-kurumlarinda-uzaktan-ogretime-iliskin-usul-ve-esaslar.pdf
  • HEC. (2024). Öğrenci sayıları özet tablosu, 2022-2023 [Summary table of number of students, 2022-2023]. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
  • İstanbul University. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim değerlendirme raporu öğretim elemanı ve öğrenci anketleri [Distance education evaluation report, instructor, and student surveys]. https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=uzaktan-eg%CC%86itim-deg%CC%86erlendirme-raporu.pdf
  • Jeong, H., & Lee, B. (2022). The factor structure of the hospital anxiety depression scale adapted for Korean preschool prospective teachers during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 32(3), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.5152/pcp.2022.22426
  • Karahan, E., Bozan, M. A., & Akçay, A. O. (2020). The online learning experiences of primary school pre-service teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 201-214. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44348
  • Kaysi, F. (2020, September). COVID-19 salgını sürecinde Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen uzaktan eğitimin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of distance education in Turkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic]. 5th International Scientific Research Congress, İstanbul. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344418456_COVID-19_Salgini_Surecinde_Turkiye%27de_Gerceklestirilen_Uzaktan_Egitimin_Degerlendirilmesi
  • Keegan, D. (1995). Distance education technology for the new millennium compressed video teaching. ZIFF Papiere 101, 1-43. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED389931
  • Lai, J., & Widmar, N. O. (2021). Revisiting the digital divide in the COVID‐19 era. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(1), 458-464. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13104
  • Merriam, S. B. (2018). Nitel araştırma: Desen ve uygulama için bir rehber [Qualitative research: A guide to design and implemantation]. (S. Turan. translation ed.) (3rd ed.). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. (Original publication date 2009).
  • MoNE. 2017. Öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterlikleri [General qualifications for the teaching profession]. https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/dosyalar/StPrg/Ogretmenlik_Meslegi_Genel_Yeterlikleri.pdf
  • Özer, S., & Turan, E. Z. (2021). Opinions of prospective teachers about distance education due to COVID-19. Turkish Studies - Education, 16(2), 1049-1068. https://dx.doi.org/10.47423/TurkishStudies.48147 Paydar, S., & Doğan, A. (2019). Prospective teachers' views on open and distance learning environments. Education and Technology, 1(2), 154-162. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/egitek/issue/50136/650237
  • Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus, 12(4), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541
  • Saleh, S. E. (2020). Remote teaching for higher education: opportunities and challenges. First International Conference, (6), 1-10. https://www.academia.edu/download/65014213/9_Remote_Teaching_for_Higher_Education_Opportunities_and_Challenges.pdf
  • Şeren, N., Tut, E., & Kesten, A. (2020). Distance education in corona virus times: Opinions of lecturer’s primary education department. Turkish Studies, 15(6), 4507-4524. http://dx.doi.org/10.47423/TurkishStudies.46472
  • Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences (1st ed.). Sage Publications.
  • TEDMEM. (2021). 2020 Eğitim değerlendirme raporu [2020 education evaluation report]. (TEDMEM Evaluation Series 7). Turkish Education Association. https://tedmem.org/yayin/2020-egitim-degerlendirme-raporu
  • The World Bank Group (2020). Individuals using the internet (% of population). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS Tüzün, F., & Yörük-Toraman, N. (2021). Factors affecting distance education during pandemic. Ömer Halisdemir University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 14(3), 822-845. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.780189
  • UNESCO. (2021). UNESCO COVID-19 education response. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378174
  • Wedemeyer, C. A. (1981). Learning at the back door: Reflections on nontraditional learning in the lifespan (1st ed.). IAP.
  • Wingo, N. P., Ivankova, N. V., & Moss, J. A. (2017). Faculty perceptions about teaching online: Exploring the literature using the technology acceptance model as an organizing framework. Online Learning, 21(1), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v21i1.761
  • Yamane, T. (2001). Temel örnekleme yöntemleri [Basic sampling methods] (1st ed.). (A. Esin, M. A. Bakır, C. Aydın ve E. Gürbüzsel translation eds.). Literatür Yayıncılık. (Original publication date 1967). Yığ, K. G. (2023). Experiences of mathematics education prospective teachers in the emergency remote education: Reflections on the new normal. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Faculty of Education, (65), 549-577. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.1162499
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences] (12th ed.). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yorgancı, O. K. (2022). The views of Turkish education lecturers on technological competencies. Journal of Mother Tounque Education, 10(1), 177-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.16916/aded.1050519

Remote Teacher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences and Recommendations

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 213 - 236, 30.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.1499737

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore faculty members and prospective teachers' experiences and recommendations regarding remote teacher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an explanatory sequential design, the study collected quantitative data from 54 faculty members and 711 prospective teachers via a questionnaire, and qualitative data from 21 faculty members and 25 prospective teachers through semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data were examined using content analysis. Findings reveal a decline in prospective teachers' motivation and learning outcomes, especially in practice-based courses, during remote education. Technical problems such as power outages and internet disruptions, as well as prospective teachers keeping cameras and microphones off, traditional teaching methods, and inadequate digital materials, hindered in-class interaction. Remote assessment processes raised concerns about the reliability of exams and increased anxiety due to potential technical issues. Recommendations include improving technological infrastructure, enhancing remote assessment practices, and identifying digital competencies for teachers. Faculty members suggested that teacher education could continue with blended learning, while prospective teachers preferred face-to-face education after pandemic.

Project Number

-

References

  • Bozkurt, A. (2017). Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitimin dünü, bugünü ve yarını [The past, present and future of the distance education in Turkey]. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 85-124. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/auad/issue/34117/378446
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, E. Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods] (34th ed.). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J., & Plano-Clark, V. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Çakır, R., & Akıncan, E. (2021). Advices and suggestions to increase the performance of instructors teaching in the distance education process. International Journal of Field Education, 7(2), 134-165. https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.1012742
  • Çalışkan, R. (2023). Problems encountered by English teachers during remote education process in the pandemic period. Journal of National Education, 3(2), 361-373. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691353
  • Çelik, Z. (2020). COVID-19 salgınının gölgesinde eğitim: Riskler ve öneriler [Education in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic: Risks and recommendations]. Eğitim-Bir-Sen, (Focus Analysis No. 5), 2-52. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34400.30723
  • Erkut, E. (2020). Higher education after COVID-19. Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.002
  • Erşen, Z. B., & Yumak, Y. (2021). Preservice mathematics teachers' views on distance education applications during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 10(4), 1449-1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.30703/cije.853688
  • Gündeğer, C., & Gündoğdu, R. (2023). Opinions of psychological counseling and guidance undergraduate students on the conduct of practical courses in the process of distance education. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Faculty of Education, (65), 114-134. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.1047615
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz [Research methods in social sciences. Philosophy-Method-Analysis] (5th ed.). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • HEC. (2020a). Eğitim birimlerine göre öğrenci ve öğretim elemanları sayıları, 2020-2021 [Number of students & teaching staff by educational ınstitutions, 2020-2021]. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
  • HEC. (2020b). YÖK’ten eğitim fakültelerine önemli yetki devri kararı [An important decision from YÖK on delegation of authority]. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/egitim-fak%C3%BCltelerine-yetki-devri.aspx HEC. (2020c). Yükseköğretim kurumlarında uzaktan öğretime ilişkin usul ve esaslar [Procedures and principles regarding distance education in higher education institutions]. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Kurumsal/egitim_ogretim_dairesi/Uzaktan_ogretim/yuksekogretim-kurumlarinda-uzaktan-ogretime-iliskin-usul-ve-esaslar.pdf
  • HEC. (2024). Öğrenci sayıları özet tablosu, 2022-2023 [Summary table of number of students, 2022-2023]. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
  • İstanbul University. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim değerlendirme raporu öğretim elemanı ve öğrenci anketleri [Distance education evaluation report, instructor, and student surveys]. https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=uzaktan-eg%CC%86itim-deg%CC%86erlendirme-raporu.pdf
  • Jeong, H., & Lee, B. (2022). The factor structure of the hospital anxiety depression scale adapted for Korean preschool prospective teachers during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 32(3), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.5152/pcp.2022.22426
  • Karahan, E., Bozan, M. A., & Akçay, A. O. (2020). The online learning experiences of primary school pre-service teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 201-214. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44348
  • Kaysi, F. (2020, September). COVID-19 salgını sürecinde Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen uzaktan eğitimin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of distance education in Turkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic]. 5th International Scientific Research Congress, İstanbul. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344418456_COVID-19_Salgini_Surecinde_Turkiye%27de_Gerceklestirilen_Uzaktan_Egitimin_Degerlendirilmesi
  • Keegan, D. (1995). Distance education technology for the new millennium compressed video teaching. ZIFF Papiere 101, 1-43. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED389931
  • Lai, J., & Widmar, N. O. (2021). Revisiting the digital divide in the COVID‐19 era. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(1), 458-464. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13104
  • Merriam, S. B. (2018). Nitel araştırma: Desen ve uygulama için bir rehber [Qualitative research: A guide to design and implemantation]. (S. Turan. translation ed.) (3rd ed.). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. (Original publication date 2009).
  • MoNE. 2017. Öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterlikleri [General qualifications for the teaching profession]. https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/dosyalar/StPrg/Ogretmenlik_Meslegi_Genel_Yeterlikleri.pdf
  • Özer, S., & Turan, E. Z. (2021). Opinions of prospective teachers about distance education due to COVID-19. Turkish Studies - Education, 16(2), 1049-1068. https://dx.doi.org/10.47423/TurkishStudies.48147 Paydar, S., & Doğan, A. (2019). Prospective teachers' views on open and distance learning environments. Education and Technology, 1(2), 154-162. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/egitek/issue/50136/650237
  • Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus, 12(4), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541
  • Saleh, S. E. (2020). Remote teaching for higher education: opportunities and challenges. First International Conference, (6), 1-10. https://www.academia.edu/download/65014213/9_Remote_Teaching_for_Higher_Education_Opportunities_and_Challenges.pdf
  • Şeren, N., Tut, E., & Kesten, A. (2020). Distance education in corona virus times: Opinions of lecturer’s primary education department. Turkish Studies, 15(6), 4507-4524. http://dx.doi.org/10.47423/TurkishStudies.46472
  • Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences (1st ed.). Sage Publications.
  • TEDMEM. (2021). 2020 Eğitim değerlendirme raporu [2020 education evaluation report]. (TEDMEM Evaluation Series 7). Turkish Education Association. https://tedmem.org/yayin/2020-egitim-degerlendirme-raporu
  • The World Bank Group (2020). Individuals using the internet (% of population). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS Tüzün, F., & Yörük-Toraman, N. (2021). Factors affecting distance education during pandemic. Ömer Halisdemir University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 14(3), 822-845. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.780189
  • UNESCO. (2021). UNESCO COVID-19 education response. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378174
  • Wedemeyer, C. A. (1981). Learning at the back door: Reflections on nontraditional learning in the lifespan (1st ed.). IAP.
  • Wingo, N. P., Ivankova, N. V., & Moss, J. A. (2017). Faculty perceptions about teaching online: Exploring the literature using the technology acceptance model as an organizing framework. Online Learning, 21(1), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v21i1.761
  • Yamane, T. (2001). Temel örnekleme yöntemleri [Basic sampling methods] (1st ed.). (A. Esin, M. A. Bakır, C. Aydın ve E. Gürbüzsel translation eds.). Literatür Yayıncılık. (Original publication date 1967). Yığ, K. G. (2023). Experiences of mathematics education prospective teachers in the emergency remote education: Reflections on the new normal. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Faculty of Education, (65), 549-577. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.1162499
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences] (12th ed.). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yorgancı, O. K. (2022). The views of Turkish education lecturers on technological competencies. Journal of Mother Tounque Education, 10(1), 177-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.16916/aded.1050519
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Instructional Technologies, Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hatice Hanım Erol 0000-0002-9950-7383

Semra Tican Başaran 0000-0003-2734-7779

Project Number -
Publication Date November 30, 2024
Submission Date June 11, 2024
Acceptance Date November 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Erol, H. H., & Tican Başaran, S. (2024). Remote Teacher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences and Recommendations. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 25(3), 213-236. https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.1499737