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Birth at Home Experiences of Women: Phenomenological Study

Year 2021, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 23 - 38, 27.04.2021

Abstract

Objectıve: The aim of this study is to reveal how women perform subjective home birth experiences based on process as prenatal experiences, birth experiences and postpartum experiences.
Method: In this study, phenomenology pattern was used with qualitative research method. In the sample selection of this study, the criteria sampling method from the purpose sampling method was used. The data was evaluated by content analysis. Data was collected in two forms as ‘Information Form identifying women giving birth at home and semi-structured in-depth ‘Individual Interview Form’. All questions are open-ended. The drilling question of each question has been prepared. The interviews were conducted at the individuals’ own homes using the face-to-face interview method. All interviews were recorded on a voice recorder with the permission of the participants. The in-depth interview started with the question “Could you tell me about your birth at home, please?”.
Results: In this study, the ages of women (n=20) ranged from 21 to 47. The number of home births for women was at least one and at most 13. Before giving birth at home, 55% of women planned to have a home birth, and 45% of them had a home birth for various reasons although they did not plan to give birth at home. Home birth experience consists of three complementary processes and 5 main themes, 14 themes and 37 sub-themes. Home birth preparation was the first process; its main theme had percepted of birth at home. The themes that make up this main theme are the perception of home, internal formations and the perception of comfort. The main theme of the second process, which reflects the operational dimension of the home birth experience, is women who give birth. The themes that formed this main theme were the influence of birth positions, emotional life experiences at birth. The main theme of the process was the effected of birth positions, emotional life experiences at birth. The main theme of the third process, which is the last process of labor, is postpartum gains which consist of emotional gains, behavioral acquisitions, and cognitive acquisition’s themes. the gains after the act of birth consists of themes of emotional gains, behavioral gains, and cognitive gains.
Conclusion: When the home birth experiences of women are evaluated, it is seen that they are organized under 5 main themes. These include perception of home birth, factors affecting home birth decision making, preparation for birth, interactions with women's inner worlds and environments during childbirth, and postpartum emotional, behavioural and cognitive gains. The factors that take women home should be integrated into healthcare facilities so that the home birth is not sustained for generations.

References

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Kadınların Evde Doğum Deneyimleri: Fenomenoloji Çalışması

Year 2021, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 23 - 38, 27.04.2021

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; kadınların, öznel evde doğum deneyimlerini nasıl gerçekleştirdiğini doğum öncesi deneyimler, doğum deneyimleri ve doğum sonrası deneyimler olarak süreç temelli ortaya çıkarmaktır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi ile fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın örneklem seçiminde, amaçlı örnekleme yönteminden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler ’Evde Doğum Yapan Kadınları Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu‘ ve yarı yapılandırılmış ’Derinlemesine Bireysel Görüşme Formu‘ olarak iki form ile toplanmıştır. Soruların tamamı açık uçludur. Her bir sorunun sondaj sorusu hazırlanmıştır. Görüşmeler bireylerin kendi evlerinde, yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerin tamamı katılımcılardan izin alınarak ses kayıt cihazına kaydedilmiştir. Derinlemesine görüşmeye “Evde doğumunuzu anlatır mısınız, lütfen?” sorusu ile başlanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada kadınların (n=20) yaşları 21 ile 47 arasında değişmektedir. Kadınların evde doğum sayıları en az bir en fazla 13’tür. Evde doğum yapmadan önce kadınların %55’ i evde doğum yapmayı planlamış, %45’i ise evde doğum yapmayı planlamadığı halde çeşitli nedenlerle evde doğum yapmıştır. Evde doğum deneyimi, birbirini tamamlayan üç süreç ile beş ana tema, 14 tema ve 37 alt temalardan oluşmaktadır. Evde doğuma hazırlık birinci süreç olup; ana teması evde doğum algısıdır. Bu ana temayı oluşturan temalar, ev algısı, içsel oluşumlar ve konfor algısıdır. Evde doğum deneyiminin eylemsel boyutunu yansıtan ikinci sürecin ana teması ise doğum yaptıran kadınlardır. Bu ana temayı oluşturan temalar ise doğum pozisyonlarının etkisi, doğumda duygusal yaşam deneyimleridir. Doğum eyleminin son süreci üçüncü süreç ve ana teması doğum eylemi sonrası kazanımlardır. Bu kazanımlar, duygusal kazanımlar, davranışsal kazanımlar ve bilişsel kazanımlar temalarından oluşmaktadır.
Sonuç: Kadınların evde doğum deneyimleri değerlendirildiğinde beş ana tema çatısı altında örgütlendiği görülmektedir. Bunlar, evde doğum algısı, evde doğum kararı vermeyi etkileyen faktörler, doğuma hazırlık, doğum sırasında kadınların içsel dünyaları ve çevreleri ile olan etkileşimleri ve doğum sonrası duygusal, davranışsal ve bilişsel kazanımlarından oluşmaktadır. Evde doğumun nesiller boyu sürmemesi için kadınları eve götüren faktörler sağlık tesislerine entegre edilmelidir.

References

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  • Ahmad Tajuddin, N. A. N., Suhaimi, J., Ramdzan, S. N., Malek, K. A., Ismail, I. A., Shamsuddin, N. H., ... Othman, S. (2020). Why women chose unassisted home birth in Malaysia: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-02987-9
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn (2013). Planned home birth. Pediatrics, 131(5), 1016-1020. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0575
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, (2016). Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee Opinion No. 669: Planned Home Birth. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 128(2), e26-31. Doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001586
  • Almeida, M. F. D., Alencar, G. P., Novaes, M. H. D., França Jr, I., Siqueira, A. A., Schoeps, D., ... Rodrigues, L. (2005). Accidental home deliveries in southern Sao Paulo, Brazil. Revista de Saude Publica, 39(3), 366-375. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102005000300006
  • Aziato, L., Omenyo, C. N. (2018). Initiation of traditional birth attendants and their traditional and spiritual practices during pregnancy and childbirth in Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1691-7
  • Bertholdt, C., Epstein, J., Banasiak, C., Ligier, F., Dahlhoff, S., Olieric, M. F., ... Morel, O. (2020). Birth experience during COVID-19 confinement (CONFINE): protocol for a multicentre prospective study. BMJ Open, 10(12), e043057. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043057.
  • Blais, R. (2002). Are home births safe?. CMAJ, 166(3), 335-336.
  • Boucher, D., Bennett, C., McFarlin, B., Freeze, R. (2009). Staying home to give birth: why women in the United States choose home birth. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 54(2), 119-126. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2008.09.006
  • Callister, L. C., Khalaf, I. (2010). Spirituality in childbearing women. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 19(2), 16-24. doi: 10.1624/105812410X495514.
  • Carlsson, I. M., Larsson, I., Jormfeldt, H. (2020). Place and space in relation to childbirth: a critical interpretive synthesis. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 15(sup1), 1667143. doi: 10.1080/17482631.2019.1667143
  • Catling‐Paull, C., Coddington, R. L., Foureur, M. J., Homer, C. S. (2013). Publicly funded homebirth in Australia: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes over 6 years. Medical Journal of Australia, 198(11), 616-620. doi: 10.5694/mja12.11665
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni.(Çev: M. Bütün; Ş.B. Demir) Ankara: Siyasal Kitavevi
  • Dahlen, H. G., Barclay, L. M., Homer, C. (2008). Preparing for the first birth: mothers’ experiences at home and in hospital in Australia. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 17(4), 21-32. doi: 10.1624 / 105812408X364143
  • Davis‐Floyd, R., Davis, E. (1996). Intuition as authoritative knowledge in midwifery and homebirth. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 10(2), 237-269. doi:10.1525/maq.1996.10.2.02a00080
  • Diana, L., Glaucia, L., Adriana, C., Israel Jr, F. (2018). Out-of-hospital deliveries: A case-control study. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics/Türk Pediatri Arşivi, 53(2), 87-95. doi: 10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2018.6269.
  • Downe, S., Finlayson, K., Oladapo, O., Bonet, M., Gülmezoglu, A. M. (2018). What matters to women during childbirth: a systematic qualitative review. PloS one, 13(4), e0194906. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194906.
  • Dunn, P. (2004). Childbirth: home or hospital? British Journal of Midwifery, 12(6), 380 – 385. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2004.12.6.13140
  • Edmonds, J. K., Jones, E. J. (2013). Intrapartum Nurses’ Perceived Influence on Delivery Mode Decisions and Outcomes. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 42(1), 3–11. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01422.x
  • Fletcher, B. R., Rowe, R., Hollowell, J., Scanlon, M., Hinton, L., Rivero-Arias, O. (2019). Exploring women’s preferences for birth settings in England: A discrete choice experiment. PloS One, 14(4), e0215098. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215098.
  • FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women’s Health. Planned home birth. FIGO Committee Report. February 2013;120(2):204-5. Erişim adresi: https://www.figo.org/decision-making-about-vaginal-and-caesarean-delivery Erişim tarihi:15.12.2020
  • Foureur, M., Davis, D., Fenwick, J., Leap, N., Iedema, R., Forbes, I., & Homer, C. S. (2010). The relationship between birth unit design and safe, satisfying birth: Developing a hypothetical model. Midwifery, 26(5), 520-525. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2010.05.015.
  • Gibbins, J., Thomson, A. M. (2001). Women's expectations and experiences of childbirth. Midwifery, 17(4), 302-313. doi: 10.1054/midw.2001.0263.
  • Gupta, J. K., Sood, A., Hofmeyr, G. J., Vogel, J. P. (2017). Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002006.
  • Güvenç, B. (1999). İnsan ve kültür. Ankara: Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. (2019). Doğum Hizmetleri. 2018 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Hacettepe Üiversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Tübitak. Ankara. Türkiye S:114-117
  • Hodnett, E. D., Gates, S., Hofmeyr, G. J., Sakala, C. (2007). Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003766.pub2
  • İnanç, N., Hatipoğlu, S.(1995). Sağlıklı toplum için sağlıklı aile. GATA Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11-31.
  • Johnson, T. R., Callister, L. C., Freeborn, D. S., Beckstrand, R. L., Huender, K. (2007). Dutch women's perceptions of childbirth in the Netherlands. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 32(3), 170-177. doi: 10.1097/01.NMC.0000269567.09809.b5.
  • Jouhki, M. R., Suominen, T., Åstedt-Kurki, P. (2017). Giving birth on our own terms–Women's experience of childbirth at home. Midwifery, 53, 35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.07.008
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülşen Çalış 0000-0002-6538-9585

Suheyla Özsoy This is me 0000-0001-5615-1893

Publication Date April 27, 2021
Submission Date September 2, 2019
Acceptance Date March 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 37 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çalış, G., & Özsoy, S. (2021). Kadınların Evde Doğum Deneyimleri: Fenomenoloji Çalışması. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 23-38.