Research Article

One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Volume: 9 Number: 1 April 30, 2026
EN TR

One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes over one year in fibromyalgia (FM) patients compared to healthy controls, assess correlations between clinical parameters and RNFL measurements, and investigate potential treatment-related effects. MATERIALS and METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records of 44 female FM patients and 44 age-matched healthy controls who underwent serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations. RNFL thickness measurements obtained using Canon-OCT HS100 at baseline and one-year follow-up were extracted from the database. Clinical data including Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), disease duration, and medication use were collected from patient records. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Kruskal- Wallis tests, and Spearman correlations.

RESULTS: No significant baseline differences in RNFL parameters were observed between groups. However, FM patients showed significantly greater RNFL thinning in nasal (Δ: -1.51±1.01 vs - 0.74±0.66 μm, p<0.001) and superior (Δ: -2.49±1.66 vs -1.09±1.08 μm, p<0.001) sectors compared to controls. Disease duration correlated positively with average (r=0.308, p=0.042) and temporal (r=0.342, p=0.023) RNFL change. Pregabalin users showed greater RNFL reduction in nasal (p=0.016) and inferior (p=0.031) sectors.

CONCLUSION: FM patients demonstrate accelerated RNFL thinning over one year, particularly in nasal and superior sectors. Disease duration influences this progression. These findings may be consistent with the hypothesis of ongoing neurodegenerative processes in FM, though the small effect sizes warrant cautious interpretation. The results highlight OCT as a potential monitoring tool.

Keywords

References

  1. 1. Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Marotto D, Atzeni F. Fibromyalgia: an update on clinical characteristics, aetiopathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020; 16: 645-660. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-00506-w
  2. 2. García-Domínguez M. Fibromyalgia and inflammation: unrevealing the connection. Cells. 2025; 14: 271. doi: 10.3390/cells14040271
  3. 3. Martínez-Lavín M. Fibromyalgia and small fiber neuropathy: the plot thickens! Clin Rheumatol. 2018; 37: 3167-3171. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-4300-2
  4. 4. Bambo MP, Garcia-Martin E, Gutierrez-Ruiz F, Magallon R, Roca M, Garcia-Campayo J, et al. Study of perfusion changes in the optic disc of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome using new colorimetric analysis software. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2015; 38: 580-587. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2015.01.010
  5. 5. Sevimli N, Kurna SA, Şilte Karamanlıoğlu AD, Ünlü Özkan F, Aktaş İ, Çakır M. Characteristics of the retina and choroid in fibromyalgia patients and their correlation with disease severity and quality of life. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023; 44: 103819. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103819
  6. 6. Boquete L, Vicente MJ, Miguel-Jiménez JM, Sánchez-Morla EM, Ortiz M, Satue M, et al. Objective diagnosis of fibromyalgia using neuroretinal evaluation and artificial intelligence. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2022; 22: 100294. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100294
  7. 7. Öztürk GY, Emekli DT, Sahutoglu E, Kocyigit BF. Evaluation of ophthalmic vascular and neuroretinal alterations in fibromyalgia syndrome: a cross-sectional comparative study. Rheumatol Int. 2024; 44: 1757-1765. doi: 10.1007/s00296-024-05662-w
  8. 8. Garcia-Martin E, Garcia-Campayo J, Puebla-Guedea M, Ascaso FJ, Roca M, Gutierrez-Ruiz F, et al. Fibromyalgia is correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer thinning. PLoS One. 2016; 11: e0161574. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161574

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Clinical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

April 29, 2026

Publication Date

April 30, 2026

Submission Date

February 23, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Uçar Baytaroğlu, I. M., & Baytaroğlu, A. (2026). One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.33713/egetbd.1896165
AMA
1.Uçar Baytaroğlu IM, Baytaroğlu A. One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;9(1):8-15. doi:10.33713/egetbd.1896165
Chicago
Uçar Baytaroğlu, I. Merve, and Ata Baytaroğlu. 2026. “One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 9 (1): 8-15. https://doi.org/10.33713/egetbd.1896165.
EndNote
Uçar Baytaroğlu IM, Baytaroğlu A (April 1, 2026) One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 9 1 8–15.
IEEE
[1]I. M. Uçar Baytaroğlu and A. Baytaroğlu, “One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study”, Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 8–15, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.33713/egetbd.1896165.
ISNAD
Uçar Baytaroğlu, I. Merve - Baytaroğlu, Ata. “One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 9/1 (April 1, 2026): 8-15. https://doi.org/10.33713/egetbd.1896165.
JAMA
1.Uçar Baytaroğlu IM, Baytaroğlu A. One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;9:8–15.
MLA
Uçar Baytaroğlu, I. Merve, and Ata Baytaroğlu. “One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 8-15, doi:10.33713/egetbd.1896165.
Vancouver
1.I. Merve Uçar Baytaroğlu, Ata Baytaroğlu. One-Year Follow-up of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Apr. 1;9(1):8-15. doi:10.33713/egetbd.1896165

The articles published in this journal are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).